Russian Construction Industry Research Articles

ПОСТРОЕНИЕ СТРУКТУРИРОВАННОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОЙ МОДЕЛИ СИСТЕМЫ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ СТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ, СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРУЮЩЕЙ-СЯ НА ЖИЛИЩНОМ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ С ПОМОЩЬЮ РИСК-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОГО ПОДХОДА

The results of the study provided an opportunity for the author to reveal the fea-tures of the development of the construction industry and its role in the system of national development priorities. The resulting parameters were systematized, al-lowing us to conclude about the contribution of housing construction to achiev-ing the growth rate of the national economy, and also summarized the goals and objectives of the transformation of the construction industry in Russia in accord-ance with the approved Strategy, which allowed us to identify the main problems and challenges that need to be given priority attention to form an integrated mechanism for ensuring the economic security of construction organizations spe-cializing in housing construction. The main requirements that are imposed on the system of economic security of organizations in the construction sector spe-cializing in housing construction and aimed at protecting assets, preventing risks, as well as ensuring business sustainability are highlighted. The main stag-es of the formation of a structured organizational model of the economic security system of a construction organization specializing in housing construction using a risk-based approach are proposed and characterized

Digitalization of the construction industry: prospects and challenges

The digitalization of the construction industry in the Russian Federation becomes a key factor in achieving sustainable development and increasing the competitiveness of the industry in the global market. The article investigates the dynamics and prospects of digital transformation of the construction industry in the Russian Federation. The authors examine the appearance of digitalization as an instrument of global innovative processes, as well as its impact on the development of modern society. Particular attention is paid to the current state of applying digital technologies in the construction industry, with a focus on identifying the key trends. The factors that facilitate or hinder the digitalization process are outlined, including technological, economic, and organizational aspects. The importance of creating a digital dimension of the construction industry as a basis for similar projects in other spheres of human life is noted. The contribution of large and small real estate developers to digital solutions, as well as the interaction between public authorities and the private sector in this regard, is considered. Particular emphasis is placed on addressing the current challenges facing the industry in the digitalization context. In conclusion, the importance of digitalization in strengthening the competitiveness of the Russian construction industry in the global market and the need for a strategic approach to its implementation is highlighted.

КОСВЕННОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ СТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ

The article examines the mechanisms of indirect regulation of the digital transformation of the construction industry in Russia. It analyzes the regulatory framework, including state strategies, orders, and regulations governing the implementation of digital technologies and the labeling of construction products. The article describes unified information systems and digital platforms that stimulate the transition of the construction sector to digital rails. It considers recommendations for drafting bills aimed at accelerating the digitalization of construction. The importance of an integrated approach combining digital innovations with environmental, organizational, and personnel transformations is emphasized.

ABCD method for determination of low-temperature properties of ordinary and modified binders

Introduction. The active introduction into practice of the system of volumetric and functional design (OFP) is aimed at the large-scale development by the Russian road construction industry of advanced foreign approaches to the technology of designing asphalt concrete pavements (Superpave). One of the fundamental differences between the OFP methodology and the previously established practice of evaluating technical, technological and operational indicators of road construction materials is the introduction of new methods that characterize quantitative indicators with a high degree of accuracy, based on the actual physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the components used. Thus, as methods for assessing the low-temperature properties of bitumen binders, it is proposed to use the bending beam method (BBR), which has proven itself quite well when working with traditional (ordinary) bitumen. However, the natural and climatic conditions of operation of highways in Russia clearly require the use of binders modified with high- and low-molecular compounds, including polymers. In this study, the task of applying the ABCD method to evaluate the low-temperature parameters of ordinary bitumen and polymer-bitumen binders was realized.Materials and methods. Samples of industrial batches of petroleum road viscous bitumen (GOST 33133-2014) and polymer-modified bitumen (GOST R 52056-2003) were used as objects of research. To determine the lowtemperature parameters, an ABCD 8.0 device and an air-cooled climate chamber were used. The study of bitumen binders according to the parameters laid down in the technical requirements of GOST R 58400.11–2019 ‘Automobile roads of general use. Petroleum-based bitumen binders. Method of determining the temperature of cracking using the device ABCD’ was carried out.Results. The values of the cracking temperature for ordinary and modified bitumen binders were determined. It is shown that the low-temperature parameters of polymer-bitumen binders significantly exceed similar properties of oxidized road bitumen.Discussion and conclusions. A comparative analysis of the low-temperature properties of ordinary and modified binders obtained during their determination by the direct method enables to confirm the effectiveness of the methodology developed in GOST R 58400.11-2019 for assessing the performance of binders of various component composition in difficult climatic conditions of Russia. The effectiveness of the domestic second-generation ABCD 8.0 device for direct assessment of the cracking temperature of bitumen binders of variable composition has been confirmed.

Tasks and Prospects for the Development of the Russian Construction Industry

The main requirements for modern housing are accessibility, quality and aesthetics. In construction, new requirements arise for the technology of manufacturing structures: a free layout with a ceiling height of 2.7 m or more; column pitch of 6 m or more; ceiling height of the first floor up to 8 m; a high degree of factory readiness and architectural aesthetics of the exterior walls. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure a reduction in the weight of structures per 1 m2 of building area and an increase in installation speed. All these requirements can be fulfilled by the Recon technology, known in the practice of the construction industry in Russia and neighboring countries, which produces pre-stressed floor slabs up to 7.65 m long and unstressed floor slabs up to 7.2 m or more; efficiency structures, internal walls (IW) and external walls (EW) on universal stands 3.6; 4; 5.2 m х 60, 90, 120, 128 m in automatic mode, starting with laying concrete using targeted feeding, automatic vibration of the stand surface, grout of the upper surface and automatic heating of the stand. It is important to note that during the hydration of cement stone, the concrete laid on a universal stand does not move either horizontally or vertically, thereby ensuring high quality and density of the product.

Technological Sovereignty in the Russian Construction Industry

Technological sovereignty is a systemic program aimed at creating proprietary technologies that are needed in various areas of industry and the economy. These are not only IT solutions, but also technologies necessary for agriculture, heavy engineering, light industry, and energy. In May 2023, the Russian Federation adopted the Concept of Technological Development until 2030. This document contains the basic concepts and ideas of the conducted policy. An overview of the state of the construction industry until 2022 is given. It is shown that dependence on imported equipment has forced Russian machine-building companies to manufacture missing machines and mechanisms, and in some cases, comprehensive provision of house-building plants and precast concrete products plants with domestic equipment.

Methodological aspects of investment and construction projects management based on IPD, BIM, LEAN. Foreign experience

Overexpenditure of cost and time resources is one of the most significant problems, and cost certainty is one of the key goals of the construction industry in Russia. Using the method of an analytical review of documents, the main problems of the European construction sector that exist in the process of its digital transformation were identified and characterized. Research has shown that the interdisciplinary synergy of BIM (Building Information Model, digital information model), Lean (lean manufacturing) and IPD (Integrated Project Delivery, integrated project execution) can benefit an investment and construction project (ICP) throughout its entire life cycle . However, such a synergetic approach is not currently applied in Russian projects. The article examines the impact of innovative international strategies for implementing COI and examines the obstacles to the implementation of these strategies in Russia.3 key takeaways:1) review of COI contracts to achieve the greatest synergy and increase trust between stakeholders;2) the BIM mandate is important to encourage the use of modern construction methodology in all ISPs in Russia;3) search for innovative methods of changing traditional thinking about construction.Consideration of three main ideas will accelerate the implementation of COI in Russia, leading to better results in the short, medium and long term for all stakeholders.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПОРТФЕЛЕМ ФИНАНСОВЫХ АКТИВОВ В СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ

Target. Conduct a research analysis of trends and prospects for a portfolio of financial assets in construction, where transformational changes are taking place due to the negative impact of international trade and economic sanctions, as well as an increase in the key rate in Russia. Tasks. Consider the practical significance of financial assets for the development of construction enterprises. Analyze the dynamics and structure of the main indicators that reflect the economic state of the financial assets of enterprises in the Russian construction industry. Identify current problems and difficulties that form barriers to the development of financial assets of enterprises in the construction industry. Methodology. As part of the conducted scientific research, the following methods were used: scientific observation, comparison, private and special methods: economic-statistical, analytical-calculation and expert. Results. Indicators of the development of portfolios of financial assets of enterprises in the Russian construction industry demonstrate an increase in capital investments, however, the degree of depreciation of fixed assets does not decrease, but, on the contrary, increases. This inverse correlation reflects the low efficiency of financial assets, which are not enough to create high competitiveness of enterprises in the construction industry. Conclusions. The authors substantiate the conclusions that the trends and prospects for the development of portfolios of financial assets of construction enterprises in Russia are characterized by economic instability in the external environment, which is caused by the adoption of large-scale international trade and economic sanctions in 2022.

РОЛЬ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ЖИЗНЕННОГО ЦИКЛА ОБЪЕКТОВ КАПИТАЛЬНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

Russian construction industry enterprises are increasingly realizing the potential of information modeling technologies. The article considers the role of information modeling technologies in the organization of the life cycle of capital construction facilities, identifies difficulties in managing TIM data; shows the advantages of using TIM technologies in the construction sector; considers domestic software products; notes the difficulties of analyzing the effectiveness of TIM implementation at enterprises in connection with the lack of a unified assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of TIM technologies; The trends in the development of the field of TIM technologies are noted.

Перспективы использования предиктивной аналитики в строительстве

In an era when the amount of data is growing exponentially, it becomes impossible to effectively process them with the old methods. As a result, there is a growing need to introduce new technologies for processing and analyzing data in all areas of activity, where the construction industry is no exception. One of the innovative ways to use data is predictive - predictive or predictive analytics.
 The article gives an idea of the problems and prospects for the use of predictive analytics in the construction industry in Russia.
 A review of publications presented in the RSCI - a bibliographic database of scientific publications, mainly by scientists from the Russian Federation and CIS countries, was carried out for the keywords "predictive analytics" and "construction", however, the analysis of published materials for the period from 2011 to 2023 was carried out. showed that only 7 publications were recorded for the specified keywords, which indicates that research in this direction is still of a pioneering nature.
 At the same time, it should be noted that the publications deal with drilling issues or are related to energy supply processes. Only 1 work seems interesting within the framework of the presented article, where predictive analytics is applied to preventive maintenance.
 The analytics of the construction industry market by respondent companies (organizations of architecture, engineering and construction) is presented.
 Analyzed existing services and platforms, including the function of predictive (forecast) analytics. It is noted that the departure of foreign vendors motivated Russian developers to quickly approach the issue of import substitution, and in 2022 a number of domestic companies presented their developments with the functionality of predictive analytics.

Features of dimentional design system for asphalt concrete mix on superpave technology and bituminous binder of pg grade determination

Introduction. This article discusses the technology of designing asphalt concrete pavements, using the Superpave method. The Superpave (SUperior PERforming Asphalt PAVEments) system was developed by the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) in the USA. The aim of the program was to find new ways of designing asphalt concrete pavements that will work better at extreme temperatures and heavy traffic loads.Currently, the system of volumetric design of asphalt concrete mixtures is being actively implemented in Russian road construction industry. This is an adaptation of the American Superpave method and is being implemented in our country in the form of a series of new standards. The Superpave volumetric and functional design system in particular addresses several pavement-related problems: permanent deformation, which results from poor asphalt mix shear strength at high temperatures, and low temperature damage, which occurs when the asphalt pavement is subjected to stress exceeding the compressive and tensile strength. The elimination of the above problems is carried out due to the most reasonable selection of the components of the asphalt concrete mixture.Materials and methods. Studies of bitumen binders were carried out according to the methods laid down in the technical requirements: GOST R 58400.1-2019 Public roads. Materials binding petroleum bitumen. Technical requirements taking into account the temperature ranges of operation.The selection of the PG brand of bitumen binder using Superpave technology was carried out using the example of a polymer-bitumen binder that meets the requirements of GOST 52056-2003 PBB 90 (sample 4) and a bitumen binder obtained from tar with the addition of thermoplastic elastomer (hereinafter referred to as TEP) of the SBS type that meets the requirements of GOST 52056-2003 PBB 90 (sample 3).Results. The article provides a review of technical documentation in order to familiarize with the methodology for selecting the brand of bituminous binder for asphalt mix. In the course of the research, the technological features of the system of volumetric functional design of the asphalt concrete mixture according to the Superpave method, as well as the determination of the brand of bituminous binder, were considered. The introduction of foreign experience in road construction can contribute to the improvement and improvement of the quality of Russian roads.Discussion and conclusions. Based on the experimental data carried out in the work, it can be concluded that the goal has been achieved, namely, the brands of bitumen binder have been selected using Superpave technology that meet the requirements of GOST R 58400.1–2019 and GOST R 58400.2-2019, namely for polymer-bitumen binder (PBB 90 according to GOST 52056-2003) – PG 58-28, and on the basis of tar with the addition of SBS – PG 64-28 grade TEP, respectively.Having studied the physical and chemical characteristics of the initial reagents, as well as the results of numerous chemical experiments, brands of PG bitumen binders were selected using Superpave technology and depending on climatic conditions and transport loads GOST R 58400.1-2019 Public roads. Materials binding petroleum bitumen. Technical requirements taking into account the temperature ranges of operation and GOST R 58400.22019 Public roads. Materials binding petroleum bitumen. Technical requirements taking into account the levels of operational transport loads.

Problems of information technology support for implementation BIM concepts

Objective. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current level of development of the digital infrastructure of the urban planning sector, to identify the features of information technology support for the implementation of the BIM concept at the stages of the life cycle of the CCS and the functionality presented on the national market of solutions that support BIM technology. Method. Within the framework of the study, the methods of logical, structural, comparative, system analysis were used; modeling and graphical presentation of results.Result. It has been established that in the current period, most companies in the Russian architecture and construction industry are considering the transition to a fully integrated BIM as a long-term development format. An objective obstacle to a quick transition is the complexity of complex IT support for BIM processes and the level of current development of digital infrastructure. It has been established that the priority direction for the development of the IT industry in the context of ensuring the implementation of the BIM concept is the formation of a single ecosystem of Russian BIM software. Along with the need to develop competitive Russian software products, ensuring their interoperability and standardization of data exchange formats are highlighted as the main problems. The key parameters for assigning a software product to the BIM group are determined, the levels of maturity of the BIM data exchange process are identified, and approaches to the organization of exchange processes are considered.Conclusion. The proposed criteria for classifying software products as solutions that support the BIM concept can be used in the formation of functional requirements for the developed import-independent software products. The interpretation of the interoperability reference model in relation to BIM technology can be used to develop the integration capabilities of BIM tools in a single information technology environment of general data, and also become a methodological basis for creating an open national data exchange standard.

The development of the construction industry in modern domestic research

This paper provides an up-to-date review of recent scientific articles on the problems and ways to overcome them in the development of the Russian construction industry during the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and increased sanctions pressure since February 2022. Thus, the chronological framework of scientific publications as the objects of this study covers the period 2020–2022.The task of the analytical review is to identify and analyze publications on the stated topic. The aim is to evaluate the current state of research on the construction industry at the present stage. The relevance is determined by the insufficient degree of knowledge of the problem.

Theoretical and methodological bases of building a digital infrastructure of BIM-based management of capital construction projects

Objective : to systematize methodological foundations and to construct a conceptual model of information modeling technology as a basis for its full-fledged implementation with a view of improving the efficiency of investment and construction activities. Methods : review of information sources on the strategy of digital transformation of the construction industry; study of the regulatory system and retrospective analysis of the evolution of information modeling technology; systematization of information on its maturity levels; comparative analysis of analytical reviews and reports of leading consulting companies. Results: the essence of various semantic aspects of technology at the stages of its evolutionary development is investigated, the actual representation of information modeling technology is identified, a conceptual model is developed, and the features of technology from the viewpoint of process, technological and effective approaches are highlighted. The structural elements of the information model are determined, the dynamic processes of formation and progressive transformation of its components are described. The assessment of the current level of technology maturity in the Russian construction industry is carried out based on the Bew–Richards model; the importance of its full integration into the life cycle management system of the capital construction project to improve the efficiency of each stage of the investment and construction project implementation is substantiated. Scientific novelty : a modern interpretation of information modeling technology is presented, a conceptual model is developed on the basis of an integrated approach and its key elements are identified. Practical significance : the main provisions of the article and the developed conceptual model can be used by the subjects of the architectural and construction industry in developing a digital transformation strategy based on information modeling technology, in scientific research of theoretical and practical aspects of technology application, as well as in the educational process in the training of specialists in the construction industry.

Potential risks in the practice of geotechnical modeling of construction objects under the influence of international sanctions

Relevance. Of particular importance for reducing the risks of construction work is the geotechnical forecast of the impact of the construction of a buried structure on the existing development, communications and assessment of soil deformation. The departure from the Russian market of foreign software systems in the field of geotechnical modeling threatens the very possibility of pre-project and design studies of unique and complex construction projects. Materials and methods. The object of the study is modern software systems of foreign and domestic production used in the construction of technically complex and potentially dangerous facilities. The subject of the study is risk situations inherent in all innovations and generated by management decisions to adapt the Russian construction industry to external attempts to create conditions for international isolation, in particular, in the field of high technologies. Results. The paper grouped and described the best foreign software systems used for geotechnical modeling of a construction site. Potential risks are identified in case of termination of the use of licensed foreign programs. Conclusions. The use of domestic software systems and unlicensed software systems will not only reduce the accuracy of designing and assessing the level of impact of new construction on existing buildings and structures, as well as communications, but will also cast doubt on the very possibility of building technically complex facilities. Another group of risks is concentrated in assigning mandatory application of the status of “recommendatory document” to regulatory documents. According to the authors, the best way out of this situation is to initiate the process of active development of a competitive market for domestic software systems in parallel with the use of legally temporarily permitted unlicensed programs. Also — the creation of special conditions for the work of specialists in the field of IT-programming.

Import substitution mechanism for the construction industry in Russia

This study is important for most states, but especially for Russia in the current political situation. Dependence on foreign goods and services can turn out to be not the best result, as, for example, happened in Russia. One of the most important industries in the country is the construction industry. And it currently requires global import substitution. However, to change the situation, it is necessary to understand that the import substitution process cannot happen instantly. Governments of many countries should work on it comprehensively in order not to come to the situation in which the Russian Federation finds itself. Long-standing principles of exporting goods to foreign markets have shown their failure. The massive sale of raw materials and the purchase of a wide range of goods for various spheres from abroad has greatly weakened the country’s economy. This has led to the need to find new solutions on the part of the state. The author’s import substitution mechanism proposed in the article is universal for the construction industry, as it is a system of managerial decisions that allow to develop the country’s own production systematically and to gradually abandon foreign goods. This mechanism will allow for a timely assessment of the production, economic and technological potential of the industry, taking into account the interaction of state and commercial organizations.

Development features of integrated risk management system at construction enterprises

The construction industry is one of the leading sectors of the economy of any country today. The research is devoted to accounting and establishing the main patterns in the development of structural elements of risk management in the activities of the construction industry enterprises. Such concepts as risk, risk classification, informatization, the basic principles of developing a risk management system in the activities of enterprises, an investment project and an investment process are considered. The purpose of the article is to study the features and methods of improving the efficiency of construction enterprises based on the development of a risk management system. The object of the study of this article is the construction industry in Russia. The subject of the study is the specifics of the development of a risk management system at enterprises in the construction industry. The purpose of the research is to identify the features, patterns and methods of improving the efficiency of construction enterprises based on the development of a risk management system. The use of information modeling technology allows you to respond to all changes in the external environment, timely manage costs, including the timing of work, which allows you to adjust the progress of production processes in space quickly and time when any types of risks occur at all stages of the life cycle of the object.

Application of digital standards in construction

The article describes the global trend of industrial transition to the concept of “Industry 4.0” and the prerequisites for its influence on the field of industry standardization, in particular construction. The need to reorganize the current standardization system, which does not keep up with the pace of digital development of production, is outlined. The authors analyzed the modern standard-setting system in the construction industry, identified its main problems, which consist in a large volume of requirements for construction products and processes, an outdated approach to standardization in general, as well as a weak and ineffective existing standardization system and the difficulty of harmonizing Russian national standards with international standards. The described problems are relevant today, since right now the standardization system in the Russian construction industry is experiencing a new round of development, the abandonment of the prescriptive and target method of construction regulation and the transition to the parametric method. The study proved that the use of such modern technologies as digital standards (SMART standards) can solve the identified problems in the field of standardization, which in turn will affect the quality and efficiency of the regulatory system in construction.

Digitalization of technological and design decisions making processes in modern construction

The results of the study can expand the implementation field of the “decisions tree” method. This method can be used in the design decision making processes and technological equipment options when choosing construction equipment for the production of earthwork. The study was carried out on the example of the “Voznesensky” Architectural Ensemble? in Tyumen, hereinafter “Voznesensky AE”. Following goals were achieved: options for a traditional approach to determining the need for construction equipment were considered; models and methods of making managerial decisions were analyzed; the method of “decisions tree” was studied, advantages and disadvantages were identified. The “decisions tree” method ia successfully applied in a digital experiment and recommended for real implementation in the development of an algorithm for making design decisions and when choosing options for mechanizing the production of excavation work using the Deductor Academic Studio program at the construction of a real facility. Currently, there are no cases of direct application of the «decision tree» method in the management of projects in the Russian construction industry. There are no published research results to introduce the «decision tree» method in the processes of design and production decisions.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ СОСТОЯНИЯ СТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ В РОССИИ

The article examines the main performance indicators of the Russian construction industry as an environment for strategic planning and business modeling of the activities of construction companies. The features and properties of construction as a type of economic activity are shown. The dynamics of the total volume of concluded construction contracts and other orders (contracts) for 2022 are considered. The most important features of construction as an object of strategic planning and business modeling are characterized. The main provisions of the law of construction economics are formulated. The provisions of the law on product localization in construction are specified. The volumes of construction by federal district in 2022 are presented. It is concluded that project management through business modeling involves the emergence of completely new relationships between project participants and the industry as a whole.