Construction In Poland Research Articles

Instruments for Supporting Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals for Construction Sector – Case of Poland

Currently, three billion people face dangerous levels of air pollution and rely on non-renewable energy sources for cooking and heating. Due to its environmental impact, the construction sector is a particularly important area for implementing sustainable development policies. On July 10, 2023, the UN published The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023 (SDGs). In accordance with the provisions of Goal 7 (which was discussed in the above document), the international community should increase its share of renewable energy sources in the global energy mix and promote investment in clean energy technologies by 2030. Achieving this goal necessitates the introduction of support mechanisms to enhance the energy efficiency of residential buildings. Hence, this study aims to showcase the legal and financial tools that aid the growth of energy-efficient construction in Poland, to compare the renovation costs of an existing residential building in order to meet energy-efficiency standards, and to detail the financial support that is available for planned thermal-modernization efforts.

Landscape, EIA and decision-making. A case study of the Vistula Spit Canal, Poland

ABSTRACT Although landscapes are often considered public goods, they frequently receive inadequate attention in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), particularly in Poland. This neglect often leads to visible degradation during investment processes. This article examines the case of the Vistula Spit Canal, currently the largest engineering project under construction in Poland. We analysed whether the conclusions drawn in the EIA report, particularly those concerning landscape changes, influenced the decision to proceed with the construction. Although the EIA report described potential landscape changes as both significant and irreversible, the authorities nonetheless approved the project, citing moderate environmental impacts in other areas. This case underscores the tendency to overlook landscape considerations when greenlighting large-scale investments.

Proposal for the Preparation of New Building Standards in Poland to Protect against Earthquakes in the Next 50 Years

This article aims to implement new building standards for residential and industrial construction in Poland to protect against earthquakes. For more than 20 years, Europe has experienced an increasing number of earthquakes. Failure to prepare residential and industrial buildings for such an event can result in extensive damage, death, and injury. It is therefore reasonable to ask what losses Poland could suffer after even a single strong earthquake. An estimate of the losses after such an event is presented. It is crucial for many buildings and mines in Poland. It is also important to prepare the population for such an event. In addition, it is also crucial for many Central European countries, as governments have not received training on how to behave during an earthquake. The lack of such training could cause panic during such an event. Poland is rich in natural resources, with many coal and lignite mines. A strong earthquake can threaten these as well as residential, public, industrial, and other buildings. This article provides an overview of earthquake events in Europe in relation to events worldwide and proposes solutions based on the experience of other countries. Here is a proposal to prepare new standards for buildings in Poland for protection against earthquakes in the next 50 years, based on the experience of other countries.

Sustainable Development of Water Housing Using the Example of Poland: An Analysis of Scenarios

At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, Polish cities began the process of returning to live by water. There is a growing interest in water reservoirs not only as places for recreation, but also as new areas suitable for living, at the very center of the city. Unfortunately, due to the lack of appropriate legal regulations, the dynamic development of floating homes (FHs) is starting to raise increasing concerns in Poland. Regardless of the potential direction of development in water construction in Poland (growth, stabilization, or regression), the question arises of “how to make the potential vision of the future of water construction in Poland consistent with the idea of sustainable development (SD)”. In order to try to answer this question, the authors of this publication indicate the future limitations of formulating a strategy for the development of houses on water in Poland, according to different domains of SD. These domains are the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental spheres. Using the states of surrounding scenarios method (SSSs for short), we developed future scenarios for FHs (an optimistic scenario, a pessimistic scenario, a surprise scenario, and the most probable scenario). Then, using five inferential methods, we defined the constraints that should be taken into account when strategizing for water construction in accordance with the values of SD.

Wind Energy Infrastructure and Socio-Spatial Conflicts

The aim of the article is to identify problems related to the siting of wind farms, both those that have arisen as a result of recent legislative revisions and those arising from social developments in Poland. In 2022 a map defining ‘exclusion zones’ around wind turbines, i.e., areas where residential development was prohibited, was released in Poland. It was only then that many territorial governments realised the scale of the problems generated by the entry into force of the 2016 Wind Farm Act. It turned out that this group of municipalities included towns that might suffer some consequences despite the fact that there are no or few wind farms in their area. The aim of this paper is to identify towns and cities where more than one quarter of the area is land within the H10 zones, where the construction of wind farms is banned, if their distance from the nearest building or from the boundary of a national park is less than ten times the height of the turbine mast. The example of the town and rural municipality of Darłowo shows that in the early phase of their construction in Poland, wind turbines were perceived positively and did not give rise to conflicts. It was only after some time, as existing wind farms started to be expanded and new ones built, that protests emerged. The arguments of the parties to the conflict focused mainly on economic considerations: profits for the municipality versus losses for the residents neighbouring the wind turbines, such as barriers to the development of agritourism. The conflicts were fuelled and prolonged by irregularities in the municipality’s planning documents and a poor flow of information about planned investments. In 2022, The Council of Ministers adopted a draft amendment to the Wind Farm Investment Act. This legislation represents a compromise between the opportunities for wind energy development and the needs of local communities.

Day-VII Architecture: A Catalogue of Polish Churches post 1945

Day-VII Architecture: A Catalogue of Polish Churches post 1945

The genesis of architecture and civil construction in Poland as a base for housing for soldiers

This article presents a problem that, on a daily basis, seems to be imperceptible to unfamiliar people. It outlines the issue of accommodation for soldiers of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland and describes how the issue was dealt with in the past. Having a place to live is one of the most important factors for a person. The fulfillment of this condition significantly influences the sense of his / her security - the second most important need of every individual.

CONSTRUCTION WORK IN THE LIGHT OF GAME THEORY. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

The paper focus on queue for elevators and delays in construction industry. The author of the research was working at the position of manual worker in a skyscraper under construction in Poland. He conducted his research with the method of cover participant observation. Theoretical background of the study was the game theory

Overview of the method and state of hydrogenization of road transport in the world and the resulting development prospects in Poland

Abstract National Implementation Plans (NIP) in regard hydrogenation motor transport are in place in European Union (EU) countries, e.g. Germany, France or Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands. Motor transport hydrogenization plans exist in the Japan and USA. In Poland the methodology deployment Hydrogen Refuelling Stations (HRS) developed in Motor Transport Institute is of multi-stage character are as follows: Stage I: Method allowing to identify regions in which HRS should be located. Stage II: Method allowing to identify urban centres, in which should be located the said stations. Stage III: Method for determining the area of the station location. The presentation of the aforesaid NIPS and based on that and the mentioned methodology the conditions for hydrogenization of motor transport in Poland is the purpose of this article, which constitutes its novelty. The scope of the article concerns the hydrogenization of motor transport in the abovementioned countries. With the above criteria, the order the construction in Poland of a HRS, in the order of their creation, along the TEN-T corridors is as follows: 1 - Poznan 2 - Warsaw, 3 - Bialystok, 4 - Szczecin, 5 - the Lodz region, 6 - the Tri-City region, 7 - Wrocław, 8 - the Katowice region, 9 – Krakow. The concluding discussion sets out the status of deployment HRS and FCEVs in the analysed countries.

The development of natural construction in Poland in the opinion of young people from towns and villages

The development of natural construction in Poland in the opinion of young people from towns and villages

Identification of the key investment project management factors in the housing construction sector in Poland

The aim of this paper is to distinguish a number of factors that allow for a better understanding of investment process management in the housing construction industry. The research work that we performed consisted in conducting a questionnaire survey. A total of 192 Polish companies dealing with housing construction took part in the survey. The collected questionnaire responses were then subjected to a thorough analysis and interpretation, with the use of a method called exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In a nutshell, our analysis consisted in reducing the number of survey variables (73) in order to identify a few pivotal factors (4) with the greatest impact on investment processes management in the field of residential construction in Poland. These factors include: the activity of companies in the market environment (1), pro-social policy of the state (2), highly advanced technologies (3) and the use of appropriate market relations (4). In our study, we aim to show how successful construction processes are perceived by industry professionals. The scientific method that we used allows for assignment of a certain order of priority to specific groups of questionnaire variables, dependent on the eigenvalues-related percentage of explained variation.

Kooperatywy – przedsiębiorcze formy organizacyjne w gospodarce lokalnej

The cooperative, well known in Poland in the interwar period, returns as an organisational form serving the realisation of its own, often basic, life needs of the people. Thanks to the cooperation of entrepreneurial groups, this form creates opportunities for self-management of urban and rural space. Cooperating groups fulfil the needs of cooperative members, including housing, recreation, as well as food and those needs related to everyday human functioning. Despite the lack of a formal legal definition, the cooperative is treated in Poland as a special entity in public-law relations. The aim of the article is to analyse the spatial aspects of the development of individual and group entrepreneurship in Poland with reference to examples from the same area on European markets. The analysis of three cases of participative construction in Poland and a comparison of cooperatives with other legal and organisational forms were carried out in the context of benefits and facilitations of economic and administrative nature. Entrepreneurship in the development of spatial systems is of great importance, while facilitating activities for people who set up a short-term organisation to fulfil their own needs (e.g. a con- struction cooperative) could significantly affect the development of their own (near) and public (further) area. As a case study, construction of individual houses in several Polish cities and their organisational and legal characteristics were discussed.

Energy-efficient Construction in Poland as a Chance for Sustainable Development

One of the basic challenges of the contemporary world is to limit energy consumption. This results from the economic and ecological reasons. Minimization of energy consumption is one of the elements of implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the construction sector, which consists in the economical use of energy resources and environmental protection in order to maintain these resources for the generation, s to come. The paper presents the idea of energy-efficient construction and key objectives and areas of activities in this field. The energy consumption in the construction sector in Poland was discussed with the emphasis on various types of buildings, their character, purpose and time of use. The increasing requirements of the European Union and the obligations adopted by Poland set new objectives for activities aimed at the improvement of energy efficiency of buildings.

Great expectations: reflections on the 20th anniversary of Poland’s motorway construction rescue archaeology programme

This paper examines the political, legal and organisational aspects of rescue excavations carried out in advance of motorway construction in Poland during the 20 years that have elapsed since this development-led archaeology programme was first implemented. This analysis, which is deliberately one-sided, tries to determine why this comprehensive and ambitious programme was downgraded ten years after its launch and now bears little resemblance to the original concept. Why, despite the existence of an appropriate legal framework and the supervision of the National Heritage Protection Service, was it possible to breach the basic provisions of the European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (La Valetta, 1992), which states that rescue excavations should be governed by the principles of scientific research? The authors believe that the successful implementation of complex, long-term and costly projects funded by the public purse does not depend solely on having legal and organisational structures in place as well as professionals with the relevant experience to call on. Critical factors, particularly in countries emerging from authoritarian rule, as was the case with Poland at the turn of the century, include the (often changeable) political will of government, a lack of public engagement with archaeology and the absence of widely accepted professional standards in archaeological practice.

Silicate composites modified with the use of diabase and barite aggregate as an alternative for low-energy construction.

Growing interest in low-energy construction in Poland causes that apart from the use of renewable energy resources to supply power to the buildings, the most modern technological solutions are used, and sand-lime blocks are among them. They are characterized by high level of heat accumulation, high thermal insulation properties, they are a soundproof barrier allowing to maintain the high standard of using the building. Thanks to the use of exclusively natural raw materials for their production, they are also fully ecological. The purpose of the proposed modifications of silicate bricks is to improve physical and chemical properties, thus the performance characteristics, as well as to improve technological process. The article focuses on the optimization of the silicate material composition with the use of diabase and barite aggregate. Compressive strength, water absorption, density with use of pycnometer, porosity and tightness of composites were determined. Microstructure (phases composition) was examined using SEM, EDS and XRD analysis. Silicate components containing 10% of the diabase aggregate and 10% of barite aggregate achieve a compression strength of more than 8 MPa higher than the reference specimen. The use of modifiers at 10% (5% of diabase and 5% of barite) contributes to the improvement of bulk density from 1.821 to 2.189 g/cm3. This approximates the proper design of the material in terms of heat-humidity and reduces energy consumption in buildings.

Research Directions and Achievements of Polish Geography of Construction

Although the second half of the 20th century is the period of development of economic geography in Poland, in the first post-war decades geography of construction did not function as a separate geographical subdivision. More significant development of spatial research in this field was brought about a quarter of a century ago. In the article devoted to the problems of geography of construction in Poland, the subject scope, main directions of research and the achievements of this sub-discipline are discussed. Geography of construction is a branch of economic geography, which examines spatial aspects of construction and assembly ‘production’, with special attention to spatial organisation of investment processes, as well as conditions and effects of location and spatial structure of construction investments. The literature review allows for isolating the main directions, among which the following can be listed: conditions for the development of construction of different functions, also in the context of the accompanying phenomena (e.g. in the social sphere), location factors and effects of construction investments, as well as research devoted to the spatial structure of construction projects and their links with geographical environment. Research topics of geography of construction are part of the spatial processes within the interests of other geographic sub-disciplines, as well as of related social, economic and even technical disciplines. The achievements of Polish geography of construction of the last quarter of a century are important from the point of view of a better recognition of the conditions and course of the socio-economic transformation in Poland in different contexts and different spatial scales.

Analysis of the profitability of a photovoltaic installation in the context of sustainable development of construction

The article presents the general problem of sustainable development of construction in Poland. The principles of photovoltaic cell operation are discussed depending on the type of panels used. The issue of efficiency is presented on the example of a single cell. The article presents currently available photovoltaic systems, their construction and ways of connecting solar modules. The aim of the study is to analyse the profitability of a photovoltaic installation for individual energy consumers on the example of a household located in an energy district in central Poland. In addition, boundary conditions justifying the economic basis for the construction of photovoltaic power plants producing energy for the own needs of customers have been specified. As a research method, a standard cash flow model was adopted for an investment project consisting in the construction of a photovoltaic installation. The revenues are avoided costs of purchase and distribution of electricity through the production of electricity from PV for the own needs of consumers.

Legal bases and economic conditions of applying renewable energy resources in construction industry

European Union, including Poland, has not yet introduced full and complex legal regulations exclusively regarding energy-efficient construction. However, legal regulations do define the possibility of using renewable energy resources in the construction industry. In this article you can find a detailed overview of legal regulations concerning the bases of using renewable energy resources in the construction industry. They involve investors, designers and contractors. The article also indicates economic instruments supporting the energy-efficient construction in Poland.

Have bicable aerial ropways got a future?

The article contains a historical review of the origin and development bicable aerial ropeways. Describes the pros and cons of the ropeway system in comparison with the monocable aerial ropeways. The later in the article presents a discussion on the conditionality bicable aerial ropeway construction in Poland. The analysis included all four currently operated in Poland bicable aerial ropeways. We attempt to answer the question whether the bicable system is the optimal solution for those aerial ropeways. The article concerns the problem of research and evaluation of the results of these

Assessment of the Validity of Investing in Energy-Efficient Single-Family Construction in Poland - Case Study

AbstractThe article raised issues related to the design and execution of low-energy objects in Polish conditions. Based on the designed single-family house, adapted to the requirements of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management (“NF40” standard), the tools to assist investment decisions by investors were shown. An economic analysis and a multi-criteria analysis were performed using AHP method which had provided an answer to the question whether it is worthwhile to bear higher investment costs in order to adjust to the standards of energy-efficient buildings that fulfil a minimal energy consumption's requirements contained in Polish law. In addition, the variant of object that had optimal characteristics due to the different preferences of investors was indicated. This paper includes analysis and observations on the attempts to unify that part of the building sector, which so far is considered to be personalized, and objects in accordance with the corresponding idea are designed as “custom-made”.