Constitutive Features Research Articles

Fitness program for correction of overweight in women

The article discusses a fitness program for the correction of overweight in women of early adulthood. This problem is very relevant for women of early adulthood today. More and more people have problems with obesity and overweight. One of the leading methods of body weight correction is physical exercises, which, in addition to reducing excess weight, also contribute to the normalization of metabolism, restoration of the body's adaptation to physical activity; normalization of the functions of the cardiovascular and other body systems, these programs are fitness.
 Fitness is one of the world's most popular health improvement systems, which allows us to meet the modern needs of different age groups who want to make their figure beautiful and their health strong. The modern fitness industry offers a wide variety of techniques, and these techniques allow to expand the range of effects of physical exercises on the body of those who exercise.
 We have developed an experimental program, the essence of which is that, taking into account the initial data and individual characteristics of the body constitution of the course participants, physical activity and training volumes were constantly adjusted throughout the program, which gives participants the opportunity to properly approach the training process, learn the basic steps, movements, adapt to the load, try and choose training for their further development, and modern training programs used in the fitness facility help to achieve results in the most
 To achieve an effective weight loss result, two components must be used: nutritional adjustments and certain fitness training methods. Proper nutrition is an integral part of this process. Dual work improves metabolism and thus metabolic processes in the body, which helps to accelerate the process of reducing body fat.
 To achieve the goal and objectives, we initially formed two groups of 10 participants who were engaged in a sports club, all of whom were of the first age group, of whom 70% had problems with overweight.

Are different countries equally green with envy? A comparison of the everyday concept of envy in the United States, Spain, and Germany.

Using a prototype approach to emotion concepts, we mapped the internal structure and content of the everyday concept of envy (as used in the United States) and its translation equivalents of envidia in Spanish and Neid in German. In Study 1 (total N = 415), the features of the concept of envy, envidia, and Neid were generated via an open-ended questionnaire. In Study 2 (total N = 404), participants rated the degree of typicality of the constitutive features on a forced-choice questionnaire. The prototype analysis of envy, supplemented with network analyses, revealed that the largest connected set of features of envy, envidia, and Neid shared a group of central features, including features related to success or to people with a better appearance. Still, envy, envidia, and Neid did differ with respect to their constituent peripheral features as well as the density of their networks, their structure, and the betweenness centrality of the nodes. These results suggest that a prototype approach combined with network analysis is a convenient approach for studying the internal structure of everyday emotion concepts and the degree of overlap with respect to the translation equivalents in different countries.

Retracted: Analysis of Sleep Quality and TCM Constitution Characteristics in 258 Outpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Outpatient Cases.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/2952531.].

Association of economicly useful features of herd horses (Equus caballus) of the transbaikal breed

The studies were carried out to study the exterior- constitutional characteristics, phenotypic correlation of live weight with body measurements and body composition indices in herd horses of the Transbaikal breed, to increase the efficiency of selection. The work was carried out in the conditions of the Trans- Baikal Territory. The material for the research was stud stallions (n=7), mares (n=20) and foals at birth and at the age of 6, 18 and 30 months (n=48). Stallions exceeded the breed standard in live weight by 27.2 %, mares - by 19.3 %. The height at the withers of stallions was higher than that of the breed standard by 3.2 %, in mares by 2.5 %; oblique body length - 2.2 and 2.4, respectively; chest girth - by 8.7 and 4.6, pastern girth - by 7.9 % and 8.9 %. The animals are characterized by pronounced meat shapes, while males are distinguished by a more knitted, wide-bodied and elongated physique of a strong constitution. The average body weight of stallions up to 30 months of age increased by 8.0 times, height at the withers - by 47.1 %, oblique body length - by 2.1 times, chest girth - by 1.9 times, pastern girth - by 55 .6 %. According to body indexes, stallions and mares of the Transbaikal breed are characterized as animals with pronounced meat forms and are closer to heavy breeds. In stud stallions, there was a positive relationship between live weight and pastern girth (r=0.922) and chest girth (r=0.716). In mares, only low correlations between the studied traits were observed. In young animals, a positive correlation of varying degrees between live weight and all the main body measurements at birth was revealed. At the same time, the closest relationship was noted with chest circumference (r=0.719).

What is the shape of institutions? Materializing the cycles of life in an East African age class society

AbstractGiving a precise definition of what an institution is raises epistemological dilemmas concerning its supposed universal applicability and the coexistence of different institutional regimes (e.g. state and customary). Scholars who have dabbled with this question often identify rules, behaviours, values, or social roles as the essence of institutions. In fact, these constitutive features do not necessarily occupy a leading position in all societies. In this article, I argue that, among East African pastoral populations such as the Samburu of northern Kenya, institutions of age class systems are the product of the changing identities of the person's maturation process. These institutionalized life cycles regulate the distribution of powers, rights, and duties within the community. Moreover, if institutions can be different ‘things’, similarly, the objects through which they materialize can vary profoundly from one social system to another. In the case of the Samburu, customary age institutions can be perceived, performed, and manipulated in the form of songs, dances, and ornaments that represent their tangible, aural, visible, and actionable substance. Just as age manifests itself through the body, institutions founded on age take shape through sonic and kinetic bodily expressions.

Modern Methods of Dosing Physical Activity of Students in the Framework of Recreational Physical Education

The article discusses the problem of a differentiated approach to dosing physical activity in physical education and sports activities. Various options for the distribution of the contingent by subgroups were found to optimize the training and health-improving effect. The most informative modern method of assessing the functional state of the neuromuscular system is selected – electromyography. At the same time, the use of modern methods of assessing and dosing physical activity in recreational physical education was not found. Girls 13–14 years old who do not have sports categories were studied in the work. A method of differentiated approach is proposed when practicing recreational physical education, taking into account constitutional features. The electromyography method was tested when performing a standard motor action with a clearly regulated number of repetitions and an identical execution technique. Significant differences were obtained in the level of functioning of the neuromuscular system in girls with different somatotypes. It is proposed to use electromyography as a method of dosing physical activity in students.

Innovative Approaches in Organizing Physical Education Classes Using Computer Technologies

The article examines the prospects for using computer vision technologies in the process of physical education of schoolchildren. Modern methods of pattern recognition, detection and tracking of objects are analyzed, which can be used for automated control over the performance of physical exercises. Particular attention is paid to the capabilities of the MediaPipe library, which allows you to track the position and movement of human body parts in real time. We considered specific algorithms and software solutions based on MediaPipe, OpenCV, TensorFlow, Keras, which allow you to analyze the correctness of movement, assess physical activity, and recognize errors. The possibility of using neural network algorithms to assess posture and build an optimal trajectory of movements is shown. The CV-Trainer program was developed and tested for automated assessment of constitutional features (body type), determination of body proportions, calculation of angles and lengths of body segments, which allows you to quantify the amplitude and trajectory of motion of motor action on video. The prospects of integrating computer vision technologies into the educational process to increase the efficiency and individualization of physical education of schoolchildren are discussed.

Selected peasant issues of the 1930s in the opinions of Warsaw literary magazine columnists (Wiadomości Literackie, Prosto z Mostu, and Pion)

In the press of the interwar period, among the group of Warsaw opinion-forming periodicals, the three largest literary and social weeklies dominated – the liberal Wiadomości Literackie, the pro-Sanacja Pion and the right-wing Prosto z Mostu. These periodicals shaped the artistic tastes and socio-political views of the progressive intelligentsia. They commented on the most important events of literary and social life, including those related to the activity of rural residents. The article contains the results of a comparative analysis of the speeches of critics and columnists of the capital’s literary magazines in the 1930s, relating to selected forms of social, cultural and political activity of peasants (literary and diary works, as well as strike actions). The study deals with the main themes of press discussions and literary critical essays, referring to the constitutive features of peasant literature, the social image of the village (Jalu Kurek’s novel Grypa szaleje w Naprawie), the living conditions of peasants (Pamiętniki chłopów) and their political attitudes (the Great Peasant Uprising). The interpretation of press materials allowed for the formulation of conclusions about the press image of a cruel and hungry peasant, culturally excluded, and deprived of a chance to change his living conditions. The demands for the social advancement of peasants put forward by columnists of Warsaw magazines were mostly declarative and conservative.

The rule of law in the UK: essence and approaches to determination

The research is focused on the essence of the rule of law as a constitutional and legal principle as the basis of the UK constitution and approaches to its determination. The rule of law, being a general legal principle, which has been developed in various legal concepts, including the British rule of law, the German rechtsstaat, the French etat de droit, at the present stage has become one of the fundamental constitutional and legal characteristics, both at the national and supranational level. National concepts of the rule of law, having certain differences and peculiarities, are essentially aimed at achieving similar goals. However, their substantive content is formed on the basis of existing features of specific national legal orders. One of the earliest and most developed in terms of constitutional and legal theory and practice is the UK approach to the rule of law. However, the question of its determining remains relevant at the present stage. The object is the concept of the rule of law developed in the UK, the subject is its specific features and manifestations, as well as approaches to its determination in British legal doctrine and practice. The purpose is to explore the issue of determination of the rule of law in the UK and to form a comprehensive approach to understanding its essence. The methodological basis of the research is constituted by 1) dialectical method, 2) general scientific methods including analysis, synthesis, comparison, analogy, deduction and induction, 3) special methods including logical, formal-legal, comparative-legal, and statistical methods. Based on the analysis the author makes an attempt to define the essence of the rule of law as an integral part of the UK constitution and its key features.

Initial adaptation among university student: The case of the social sciences

Students’ academic and social adaptation is linked to factors such as their initial study motivations, the atmosphere of the academic environment and their perception of academic wellbeing. This paper analyses the initial adaptation of first-degree students in their first semester through a quantitative ex post facto study with a descriptive-exploratory approach, using a questionnaire as the information-gathering instrument. Findings shed light on the concept of initial adaptation itself (through the creation of an index) and validate the study of the construct through three factors: initial motivation, the academic environment and perception of academic wellbeing. Also, the influence on initial adaptation of the academic and social context of the degree course taken is demonstrated:, as the constitutive features of the degree contribute information predicting how students will integrate into the institution. Therefore, it is suggested that institutional means and actions should be designed and put in place in accordance with measurements that indicate how students function best in a specific context (the bachelor’s degree), in order to boost motivation and the perception of academic wellbeing.

Immune cell-derived exosomes as promising tools for cancer therapy

Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles with a size of 30–150 nm secreted by living cells. They are vital players in cellular communication as they can transport proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and etc. Immune cell-derived exosomes (imEXOs) have great potential for tumor therapy because they have many of the same functions as their parent cells. Especially, imEXOs display unique constitutive characteristics that are directly involved in tumor therapy. Herein, we begin by the biogenesis, preparation, characterization and cargo loading strategies of imEXOs. Next, we focus on therapeutic potentials of imEXOs from different kinds of immune cells against cancer from preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, we discuss advantages of engineered imEXOs and potential risks of imEXOs in cancer treatment. The advantages of engineered imEXOs are highlighted, including selective killing effect, effective tumor targeting, effective lymph node targeting, immune activation and regulation, and good biosafety.

Aam assessment instrument for disease activity in Aamavata: Scope and challenges

Development and validation of instruments based on concepts and clinical features described in Ayurveda is a constructive step towards translational research in Ayurveda. The clinical decisions in traditional medical practices often depend on clinical features. Such attempts from Ayurveda experts also contribute to strengthen an endeavour of integrative medicine. A recently published article in J-AIM on development and validation of Aam Assessment Instrument (AAI) to assess the disease activity in amavata is a landmark study. This study is undertaken in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a prototype of inflammatory arthritis.We suggest that the specificity and reliability of AAI in RA and amavata would increase if complemented with joint count as described in Ayurveda texts. These joint counts can be further sub-classified for different types of inflammatory arthritides. Similarly, this AAI can also be validated and used for constitutional features in other ama-dominant non-rheumatic systemic diseases. This may need development of more comprehensive ama-specific features. We also need to consider the limitations of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) during further development and validation of AAI. Collective, multicentric, organized efforts by Ayurveda clinicians will lead to the development of reliable, sensitive, specific, and reproducible instruments for clinical assessments in various diseases.

Integrative approach as a vector of personalization of educational practices in a medical university

Introduction. The article discusses the formation of a model of a high quality educational process in a medical university in order to prepare a highly qualified specialist and a versatile educated person. Purpose setting. The objective of the study was to analyze the process of formation of clinical thinking, intellectual and communicative competencies in the process of preparing future specialists for professional activities in a medical university, based on the use of an integrative approach, assessment of the type of thinking and learning; constitutional features of the student and teacher; semantic differential method. Methodology and methods of the study. The methodology of the material presented in the article is based on the introduction of a systematic (holistic) approach to study the individual constitutional (mental and physical) characteristics of teachers and medical students in connection with training and further professional activities. Results. The article analyzes current trends and problematic issues of the educational process in pedagogy and andragogy, due to technological progress, the development of digital technologies, distance types and forms of education, the formation of the so-called «digital generation» of students, requiring the development and implementation of innovative methodological approaches and methods in the educational process training of specialists in medical universities. The necessity of forming not only intellectual and communicative competencies in the process of mastering a profession, but also conceptual and logical schemes of clinical thinking using the method of semantic differential is demonstrated. The role of the constitutional features of the teacher and student in the training of future specialists is shown. The relationship between the professional and personal qualities of a high school teacher and students is illustrated.Conclusion. The use of an integrative approach greatly contributes to improving the quality of the educational process in the professional training of a future medical specialist.

Stiffness Constitutive Characteristics of Elastic Disordered Microporous Metal Rubber Considering Temperature Effects

Elastic disordered microcellular metal rubber (EDMMR) is a lightweight metal material widely employed for damping or support in high‐temperature environments, addressing the limitations of traditional polymer rubbers. Herein, three sets of solid finite element models of EDMMR with different relative densities are developed using virtual manufacturing technology (VMT). Thermal–mechanical coupled finite element simulations explore the dynamic evolution of two typical spatial topological structures in the material's microstructure: unit contact characteristics and angle distribution under temperature variations. Results indicate that the mechanical performance of the material under high‐temperature loads exhibits distinct spatial topological structures compared to those at room temperature. At 100, 200, and 300 °C, the material experiences internal stress distributions of up to 0.5, 1.2, and 1.8 MPa, respectively, due to expansion. Additionally, during the initial loading stage, stress differentials of approximately 0.4 MPa are observed between different temperatures due to boundary effects. Furthermore, the study investigates the probability density distribution of typical microstructural combinations of EDMMR along the forming direction based on VMT, enhancing the generality of the constitutive model. Finally, three groups of EDMMR samples with different relative densities are prepared using standardized processes, and the model is validated through high‐temperature quasistatic compression experiments.

Authoritarian multilateralism in the global cyber regime complex: The double transformation of an international diplomatic practice

ABSTRACT Multilateralism is regarded as a constitutive feature of the contemporary liberal international order and is associated with liberal values. However, for twenty-five years, authoritarian states have advocated the expansion of multilateral governance modalities for cybersecurity issues while major consolidated democracies have often opposed them. We explain this puzzle by distinguishing an overlooked variant of authoritarian multilateralism from the better-understood liberal variant. A Russo-Chinese coalition has employed various strategies within and beyond the United Nations to facilitate the adoption of this authoritarian variant for key cyber-governance processes, to achieve both specific cybersecurity goals and broader aims in contesting the liberal international order. Liberal democracies oppose instantiating authoritarian multilateralism, but they have also altered their understanding of multilateralism to encompass more space for private and multistakeholder governance alongside it, leading to a double transformation of the practice of multilateralism. The article concludes by discussing the implications of our analysis for multilateralism.

The discursive construction of organizational legitimacy in higher education: Multimodal discourse analysis on Chinese business schools

Applying a Multimodal Discourse Analysis framework, this study focuses on university websites to explore how organizational legitimacy is constructed through discursive strategies. Our findings show that under authoritative administrative logic and market logic, universities construct two organizational identities: policy followers and product/service suppliers, and use exemplification and authorization strategies respectively through visual discourse to legitimate the identities. To avoid potential conflicts between the legitimacy claims associated with these two identities, universities apply a decoupling strategy to isolate the two identities, along with both explicit and implicit expressions, through the intertextuality between visual and verbal discourses. The constitutive characteristics of universities’ website discourse reveal the complexity of Chinese institutional context in higher education field and the constitutive influence of the institutional background on organizational discourse and legitimation strategies.

Unbonded Pre-Tensioned CF-Laminates Mechanically Anchored to HSC Beams as a Sustainable Repair Solution for Detachment of Bonded CF-Laminates

The present article outlines a Finite Element Model (FEM) that was created and validated by comparing it to prior experimental investigations to estimate the flexural performance of HSC beams strengthened with exterior bonded, unbonded, and unbonded pre-tensioned Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets in several patterns. Nonlinear analysis was performed on three-point-loaded beams using ANSYS software, incorporating the constitutive characteristics of various components (concrete, CFRP, and steel). The comparison of FE-models and experimental data, namely for load-deflection curves, crack patterns, and failure modes, revealed that the developed numerical FE-models and experimental outcomes are in good accord. There has been numerous prior research on the behavior of beams strengthened with externally bonded CFRP sheets, but few on those reinforced with externally unbonded CFRP laminates, and even fewer on HSC beams reinforced with externally unbonded pre-tensioned CFRP laminates. Therefore, the major contribution of this article is to investigate the flexural behavior of HSC beams strengthened utilizing externally unbonded pre-tensioned CFRP laminates. The analysis revealed that the bending performance of RC-beams strengthened using external unbonded pre-tensioned CFRP-laminates is quite similar to that of bonded CFRP-strengthened beams, indicating a high potential for tackling the durability issues caused by detachment of bonded CFRP-strips in such structural elements. The existence of a fully wrapped CF sheet forced the beam to develop diagonal shear cracks in the region between the wrapped CF sheet and beam supports while also enhancing the flexural cracked zone at mid-span to change from smeared to discrete fractures. The flexural fractures spread over a deeper and wider area of the beam as a result of the incorporation of a half-wrap CF laminate. Externally unbonded CFRP-sheets pre-tensioned with 45% of the CFRP ultimate strength utilizing various patterns (straight and U-wrap) performed similarly to bonded CFRP-sheets, with a slight boost in load capacity of around 4.5% and notable reduces in deflection ranging from 9.7% to 16.24%. Using exterior unbonded CFRP laminates to strengthen RC-beams resulted in a flexural capacity increase ranging from 22.3% for NC beams to 71.6% for HSC beams.

About the blood characteristics and adaptation status variability in intact Balb/c mice of different sex

Purpose of the study. Was to study the values and variability of traditionally determined blood parameters and index of the adaption status in intact mature Balb/c mice of different sex.Materials and methods. Studies were carried out on 20 animals of mature age with spf-status, males (10) and females (10). Cytological and biochemical parameters of blood and weight characteristics of the organs of the immune system and adrenal glands were studied (considering the constitutional features of mice of this line). Statistica 10.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. The coefficient of variation (CV) was determined. The significance of statistical differences was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test.Results. Sex differences were found in the ratio of albumins and globulins, the content of urea and alkaline phosphatase, the relative proportion of lymphocytes and monocytes in the blood count, the erythrocytes’ count and the level of hemoglobin in erythrocytes. There were also indicators which had values of severe variability (CV up to 51 %), the number of those in males was higher than in females. The information content of the weight characteristics of the studied organs is reduced due to the constitutional features of Balb/c females. The identified sex differences indicated a higher adaptive status of female rodents compared to males and let to propose the prevalence of different activity of T-cell, B-cell and myeloid line in animals of different sexes.Conclusion. The study of weak and moderate shifts in traditional laboratory parameters reflecting the adaptive status and characteristics of the blood of sexually mature males and females of the Balb/c line under physiological conditions made it possible to identify the sex characteristics of systemic regulatory processes that may be important for the body's resistance to malignant growth and the effectiveness of antitumor treatment. The current areas of further research are also indicated.

의복의 기원과 발달에 관한 연구

This study aimed to provide basic humanistic data for clothing education by shedding light on
 the origins and historical development of clothing. The study’s content encompassed the evolution of
 mankind, the origin of clothing, and the development of clothing during the Paleolithic Age. The
 study was conducted in the form of a literature review.
 The study revealed several key findings. First, the evolutionary processes of Hospitalophithecus,
 Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens were characterized by constitutions such as 'bipedal
 locomotion (upright walking),’ 'enhanced manual dexterity and tool-making abilities,’ ‘expansion of
 brain capacity', and the 'reduction of body hair'. Enemy Evolution and 'Move Out of Africa'. This
 progression ultimately led to the emergence of Homo erectus, the first archaic hominid to move out
 of Africa with all the hallmarks of physical evolution. Subsequently, more advanced Neanderthals
 and, later, Homo sapiens arrived in Europe about 50,000 years ago. Homo sapiens exhibited modern
 human attributes, including high cognitive functions and the sophisticated development of the body
 and hands.
 Second, considering the constitutional characteristics of human evolution, the migration of early
 humans from Africa to colder regions, and the loss of body hair, it is estimated that the earliest
 forms of clothing were worn by Homo erectus between 1.8 million and 1 million years ago.
 Third, the evolution of clothing during the Paleolithic period saw the development of fur waist
 covers by Homo erectus, followed by the adoption of sloppy fur pants and tops by Neanderthal.
 Homo sapiens, characterized by their cognitive prowess, advanced clothing by tailoring clothes using
 needles. In the Late Paleolithic period, marked by cultural characteristics, clothing evolved to
 include not only the weaving of cellulose fibers and the basic structural elements seen in
 contemporary clothing, but it also reached a level of sophistication with neat and elaborate
 decorations.

Constitutive Features of Administrative Acts: Criticism and Analysis

The relevance of the topic has been determined by the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Procedure». The article is aimed at analyzing the approaches on understanding the features of an administrative act existing in Ukrainian legal doctrine and formulating recommendations oriented on building their universal system. Various methods of scientific cognition, including comparative and legal, systematic and structural, analysis, synthesis, and others constitute the research methodology. It makes it possible to systematically and consistently solve scientific problems, to study and compare the standpoints of scholars, the provisions of legal acts of the relevant countries, caselaw and to formulate the author’s conclusions. A number of systematic problems related to the incorrect understanding of the essence and features of administrative acts has been revealed in the research process. This situation, according to the author’s opinion, is largely related to the imperfection of legal definition of an administrative act, which was enshrined in the Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Procedure». Further analysis of the works of Ukrainian authors has demonstrated that in order to formulate relevant scientific provisions they in the vast majority use the results of Soviet authors. According to the author, such an approach is wrong; it blocks the development of modern, practically oriented concepts and conclusions. The author of the article has separately emphasized the fact that the features of an administrative act perform very important practical function. They help to solve comprehensive objectives primarily arising at the legal enforcement level. The author provides relevant detailed explanations on this matter. The article’s center of attention is the detailed presentation of the features of an administrative act. While performing this objective, the author has widely used the achievements of Western European authors, as well as refers to certain decisions of the judicial power to demonstrate the validity of the formulated conclusions and recommendations. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to a sound conclusion that an administrative act should be characterized by the following features: 1) it represents a decision; 2) it is taken by an administrative agency; 3) it is oriented on the application / implementation of the norms of public (administrative) law; 4) it causes legal consequences in the form of establishing the rights or obligations for its addressee (regulatory nature); 5) it has a concrete and individual character; 6) it is characterized by an external orientation of the action. The conducted research allowed to draw the following conclusion:the features of an administrative act play a constitutive role by helping to solve various theoretical and practical problems. The features of an administrative act are universal in nature. It means that they do not depend (should not depend) on the national peculiarities of legal regulation and ideas about it. Ukrainian authors must be extremely responsible while formulating their own conclusions in regard to those categories and provisions having a supranational nature.