Serum Constituents Research Articles

Effect of Dried Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor), Larvae and Olive Leaves (Olea europaea L.) on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield and Some Blood Parameters of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

Simple SummarySoybean is the most important protein source in poultry feed. Due to its high importation cost and its production arising generally from genetically modified organisms (GMOs), insects are currently considered to be a low-cost and eco-friendly alternative. In the present work, the inclusion of Tenebrio molitor (TM) insect meal and/or olive leaves (OL) in the basal quail diet has been tested on growth performance, carcass yield and some blood parameters. The results showed that 3% inclusion TM and 2% inclusion OL improved quail body weight at 5 weeks old, reduced FCR and did not negatively influence carcass yield and blood parameters of Japanese quail. In conclusion, the present work can contribute to a strategy aimed at reducing the use of conventional poultry feed ingredients, which might reduce the feeding costs of quails in Algeria.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Tenebrio molitor meal (TM) and/or olive leaf powder (OL) supplementation to quail diet on animal performance, carcass yield and some blood parameters. One hundred and forty-four 1-day-old Japanese quails (body weight: 29.9 ± 0.46 g) were divided into four groups of 36 chicks, receiving four different diets, i.e., G1: Standard commercial (SCD); G2: SCD + 3% TM; G3: SCD + 3% OL; and G4: SCD + 3% TM + 2% OL. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum. The results showed that TM and OL inclusion promoted quail body weight at 5 weeks of age; p = 0.001. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of G3 was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced compared to the other groups. Overall mortality was not different, at around 6.25%, between groups. Carcass [(71.5–74.3%)], gizzard [(2.5–2.7%)], heart [(1.1–1.2%)] and giblet [(6.8–6.9%)] yields were not influenced by the diet. No significant effect of the diet was observed for serum proteins, creatinine, urea and lipids. To conclude, the mixture of an incorporation of TM and OL in quail diet showed no adverse effects on growth performance, carcass constituent yields and serum constituents.

Effective components of Shengxian Decoction and its mechanism of action in treating chronic heart failure based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS integrated with network pharmacology

This study aimed to elucidate the effective components of Shengxian Decoction and its mechanism of action in treating chronic heart failure. Firstly, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS was established to identify the main chemical constituents in the rat serum after intragastric administration with Shengxian Decoction. Secondly, the absorbed components in serum were then used for the network pharmacology analysis to infer the mechanism and effective components. Targets for constituents in serum were predicted at TCMSP and Swiss-TargetPrediction database. An association network map was drawn by network visualization software Cytoscape 3.6.1. Finally, GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out for the core target genes. By UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, 18 prototype compounds were definitely identified, including five compounds from Astragali Radix, four compounds from Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, four compounds from Bupleuri Radix, four compounds from Cimicifugae Rhizoma, and one compound from Platycodonis Radix. Those components of Shengxian Decoction were closely associated with 13 key protein targets, including inflammatory factors, like IL6, IL1 B, TNF, PTGS2, IL10; redox enzymes CAT, HMOX1, and MPO; cardiovascular targets, like VEGFA, NOS3, and NOS2; and transmememial proteins CAV1 and INS. Network pharmacology analysis showed that the 18 compounds could be responsible for the treatment of chronic heart failure by regulating HIF-1 signaling pathways, PI3 K-Akt signaling pathways, cGMP-PKG signaling pathways, cAMP signaling pathways and TNF signaling pathways. This study provided a scientific basis for mechanism and effective ingredients of Shengxian Decoction.

Impact of Cadmium Intoxication on Health Status, Rumen and Blood Constituents in Egyptian Ossimi Sheep

Toxic heavy metals particularly Cadmium (Cd) have a hazardous impact on animal health and productivity because of their ill-degradability and bio-accumulation for long periods. This study carried out on 52 Ossimi sheep belonging to Giza Governorate, including 12 sheep considered as control (kept in a private farm) and 40 sheep grazed on an area polluted with cadmium. Drinking water, animal blood and rumen fluid samples were collected from all sheep. Complete blood, rumen and serum constituents were analyzed. Iron, copper, zinc, oxidant, and antioxidant markers were evaluated and Cd levels in water, rumen fluid and serum were investigated to show the impact of Cd on those parameters. Physical examination revealed significant disturbance in health status of Cd-exposed sheep. Rumen fluid examination showed significant increase in rumen pH, significant decrease in rumen ammonia-nitrogen, TVFAs, AST, ALT, GGT, Ca and Ph. Blood constituent revealed significant alteration as significant decrease in RBCs count, Hb, PCV, MCHC and TLC as well as impaired hepatic and renal function and significant decrease of antioxidant markers. These alterations associated with strong positive correlation between these altered parameters and cadmium level in drinking water, rumen fluid and blood samples which markedly increased more than permissible limits; these results should be put in consideration in interpretation of affected animals' status and during treatment and control of cadmium exposed sheep cases as well as consumption of such animals' meat and offal is not recommended.

Beta alanine effects immediately pre- and post hatch on chick quality, carcass yield and meat quality in broilers

First, this study aimed to evaluate the effects on hatchability of in ovo supplementation of beta alanine (βA). Second, it assessed the effects on performance, meat quality and serum constituents of broiler chickens of βA injection in ovo and of supplementation with βA in feed for the first seven days after hatching. For this purpose, 960 fertilized broiler chicken eggs were distributed to hatchery trays in four treatment groups with six replicates on day 17 of incubation. The treatment groups consisted of eggs that were not injected (T1; negative control), injected with sterile solution with 0.9% salt (T2; positive control), injected with in ovo 1% βA solution (T3), and not injected, but with chicks were fed 1% βA for the first seven days after hatching (T4). Upon hatching, chicks from T1, T2, and T3 were fed commercial starter feed. All treatments were assessed with six replicates of 28 birds (14 females and 14 males) throughout the grow-out period. As a result of this study, T3 increased hatchability, yolk-free hatching weight and chick quality, and decreased yolk weight and feed access time at hatch. Both T3 and T4 improved carcass yield and meat quality, and T3 increased serum total antioxidant status at 42 days afer hatching. The results demonstrated that in ovo βA feeding improved hatching characteristics, and βA administration in ovo or in feed improved carcass yield and meat quality without affecting growth performance.

Effects of olive cake meal on serum constituents and fatty acid levels in breast muscle of Japanese quail

This study was aimed at determining the effects of various levels of dietary olive cake meal (OCM) on certain blood parameters and breast muscle fatty acid and cholesterol levels. For this purpose, 400 day-old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks of both sexes were randomly assigned to four trial groups, each including five replicates of 20 animals. The quail were fed on a maize and soybean meal-based basal diet supplemented with 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% of OCM for six weeks. Dietary supplementation with 5% and 7.5% of OCM decreased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood serum, and increased cholesterol levels in the breast muscle. Dietary supplementation with various levels of OCM decreased saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid levels, and increased monounsaturated fatty acid and total unsaturated fatty acid levels in the breast muscle. As a result, it was concluded that, olive cake meal, which contains a high level of olive oil, could be incorporated in poultry feed at a level of 5%, owing to its beneficial effects of decreasing serum LDL cholesterol, which plays a major role in the aetiology of cardiovascular diseases, and in reducing saturated fatty acid levels in breast muscle.

Impact of specific essential oils blend on milk production, serum biochemical parameters and kid performance of goats

Effects of cinnamon, thyme, and peppermint essential oils blend (EOB) on milk production, serum constituents, and energy balance of early lactating does and performance of their kids were investigated. Twenty-seven late pregnant Damascus goats were grouped into two treatments: EOB (n = 14) received orally 1.5 ml EOB/d and control (n = 13) received orally 1.5 ml water/d. The trail started 15 days before the expected kidding date and lasted for 30 days postpartum while sample collection continued until the eighth week of lactation. Milk yield and composition, maternal metabolic profile, immunoglobulin (IgG), and weights of kids were monitored throughout 8 consecutive weeks postpartum. Energy corrected milk (ECM), milk energy value (MEV), net energy for lactation (NEL), and energy balance were estimated. Does treated with EOB had higher (p < 0.05) milk yield, ECM, and NEL than control. Treated does had higher (p = 0.02) energy balance than control does. The EOB increased (p < 0.05) concentrations of serum albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and IgG. Treatment with EOB improved (p < 0.05) weaning weight and total weight gain of single kids. Administration of EOB for 45 days during the transition period could improve milk production, metabolic status and energy balance of goats and performance of kids.

A Clinical and Animal Experiment Integrated Platform for Small-Molecule Screening Reveals Potential Targets of Bioactive Compounds from a Herbal Prescription Based on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Yinchenhao Tang for Jaundice Syndrome

A herbal prescription in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has great complexity, with multiple components and multiple targets, making it extremely challenging to determine its bioactive compounds. Yinchenhao Tang (YCHT) has been extensively used for the treatment of jaundice disease. Although many studies have examined the efficacy and active ingredients of YCHT, there is still a lack of an in-depth systematic analysis of its effective components, mechanisms, and potential targets—especially one based on clinical patients. This study established an innovative strategy for discovering the potential targets and active compounds of YCHT based on an integrated clinical and animal experiment platform. The serum metabolic profiles and constituents of YCHT in vivo were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-ToF-MS)-based metabolomics combined with a serum pharmacochemistry method. Moreover, a compound–target–pathway network was constructed and analyzed by network pharmacology and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). We found that eight active components could modulate five key targets. These key targets were further verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which indicated that YCHT exerts therapeutic effects by targeting cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), multidrug-resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2), multidrug-resistance-associated protein 3 (ABCC3), uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and by regulating metabolic pathways including primary bile acid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and biliary secretion. Eight main effective compounds were discovered and correlated with the key targets and pathways. In this way, we demonstrate that this integrated strategy can be successfully applied for the effective discovery of the active compounds and therapeutic targets of an herbal prescription.

COMPARISON OF HYDRATED SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE AND TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA) TO AMELIORATE THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF AflATOXIN IN BROILER CHICKS

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of curcumin-containing turmeric powder (TP) and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) alone or in combination to alleviated aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. A total of 480 day-old broiler chicks were separated into 8 treatments. Each of the 8 dietary groups was divided into four replicates of 15 chicks each. The first group was fed basal diet and used as control. The other treatments (from 2 to 8 ) were fed the same basal diet and supplied with 0.5% turmeric powder (TP) including 1.48% total curcuminoids (80 mg/kg (80 mg/kg), Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) alone (0.5% ), TP (0.5%) plus HSCAS (0.5%), Aflatoxin B1 ( AFB1) alone in the diet (1 mg/kg of diet), AFB1 plus TP (0.5%), AFB1 plus HSCAS (0.5%) and AFB1 plus TP (0.5%) plus HSCAS (0.5%, respectively) for 35 day. The findings showed that the turmeric or HSCAS substantially addition to the AFB1 diet increased feed consumption and body weight and decreased liver weight. Supplementation of turmeric or HSCAS and turmeric with HSCAS reinforced the harmful effects of AFB1 on serum constituents. Furthermore, decreased antioxidant functions and increased serum and liver homogeneous malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations due to AFB1. In conclusion, the combined method to the management of aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks can be considered to be the addition of HSCAS and/or turmeric

38189 Potential effect of serum from hypertensive donors on PP2A expression and activity in endothelial cells

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Racial differences in the prevalence of hypertension and endothelial (dys)function are well established, yet research investigating the mechanism(s) underlying this disparity is still lacking. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Investigate the influence of race and the effect of serum collected from hypertensive donors on Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from Caucasian (CA) and African American (AA) donors. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: HUVECs from 3 CA &amp; 3 AA donors were cultured in parallel. Experiments were conducted between passages 5-7. At ?90% confluency, cells were serum starved ˜12hrs prior to incubating for 24 or 48 hours in one of the following conditions: 1) Control (Fetal Bovine Serum), 2) serum from normotensives (NT; 5 CA &amp; 5 AA donors), or 3) serum from hypertensives (HT; 5 CA &amp; 5 AA donors). NT and HT serum was pooled from donors with the following characteristics: Male, 30-50 years, nonsmokers, no comorbidities, and non-obese (BMI &lt; 30 kg/m2). Western blotting was used to measure protein expression of total eNOS, p-eNOSS1177, total PP2A, and p-PP2AY307. For activity p-eNOSS1177/total eNOS and p-PP2AY307/ total PP2A ratio was used. A two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Irrespective of the donors’ race, there was no influence of serum treatment or interaction effect in any of the measured proteins of interest. Moreover, compared to CA, HUVECs from AA had lower expression of eNOS irrespective of condition (race p=0.01). Compared to CA, HUVECs from AA tended to have lower expression of p-eNOSS1177 irrespective of condition (race p=0.07). However, there was no racial differences in eNOS activity (p=0.68). There was no racial difference in the expression of PP2A (p=0.35), p-PP2AY307 (p=0.30), or PP2A activity (p=0.97) in all conditions. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Our preliminary results suggest no influence serum constituents from hypertensive donors or race on PP2A or eNOS expression and activity in HUVECS. Future research should consider conducting proteomics profiling to compare NT and HT serum.

Fast Screening and Primary Diagnosis of COVID-19 by ATR-FT-IR.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to substantial infections and mortality around the world. Fast screening and diagnosis are thus crucial for quick isolation and clinical intervention. In this work, we showed that attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FT-IR) can be a primary diagnostic tool for COVID-19 as a supplement to in-use techniques. It requires only a small volume (∼3 μL) of the serum sample and a shorter detection time (several minutes). The distinct spectral differences and the separability between normal control and COVID-19 were investigated using multivariate and statistical analysis. Results showed that ATR–FT-IR coupled with partial least squares discriminant analysis was effective to differentiate COVID-19 from normal controls and some common respiratory viral infections or inflammation, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.9561 (95% CI: 0.9071–0.9774). Several serum constituents including, but not just, antibodies and serum phospholipids could be reflected on the infrared spectra, serving as “chemical fingerprints” and accounting for good model performances.

Selected salivary parameters in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a preliminary study

BackgroundDisturbances in the levels of serum constituents occurring in chronic renal diseases can be reflected in the saliva composition. The aim of this study was to assess some selected salivary components in children suffering from idiopathic steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (iNS).MethodsA case–control study was performed on iNS and healthy participants. In unstimulated mixed saliva, pH, buffer capacity, total protein, α-amylase, peroxidase, calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, fluoride, urea, uric acid and salivary flow rate were measured. Oral condition was assessed using dmft, DMFT, API and GI indices, usage of fluoride specimens and frequency of tooth brushing. Statistical analysis was performed by Shapiro–Wilk, Brown-Forsythe, Student’s t, ANOVA, Tukey’s and Pearson’s chi-square tests, Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe study involved 94 participants of both genders aged 4–17 (47 cases in relapse or remission phase of iNS and 47 controls) who were treated in the clinic of pediatric nephrology or outpatient dental clinic. Neither group differed in the number of caries-affected primary and permanent teeth, gingival condition or use of fluoride specimens. The iNS group presented lower levels of magnesium (0.41 ± 0.34 vs. 0.60 ± 0.38 mg/dL, P < 0.05) and fluoride (0.15 ± 0.10 vs. 0.21 ± 0.10 ppm, P < 0.01) and higher contents of urea (35.19 ± 15.55 vs. 25.21 ± 10.78 mg/dL, P < 0.01) and uric acid (2.90 ± 1.23 vs. 2.34 ± 1.04 mg/dL, P < 0.05) than the controls. In the iNS participants with relapse, a higher peroxidase activity and lower magnesium content than in the remission phase were found. ROC analysis showed a weak discriminatory power of these salivary constituents for the differentiation of participants with and without disease (accuracy from 66.0 to 67.0%, area under the ROC curve (AUC) from 0.638 to 0.682) and the relapse and remission phases (accuracy 70.2% and 68.1% and AUC 0.717 and 0.675, respectively).ConclusionsLevels of urea, uric acid, magnesium and fluoride in saliva can be associated with the course of iNS. Salivary levels of peroxidase and magnesium can be related to the phase of the disease. However, the measurements of these parameters cannot be useful as a noninvasive tool in diagnosing iNS and the phase of the disease.

Dietary Echinacea purpurea administration enhanced egg laying performance, serum lipid profile, antioxidant status and semen quality in duck breeders during summer season.

This work investigated the outcomes of dietary administration of Echinacea purpurea (EP) powder to breeder ducks on productive and reproductive performance during summer season. Sudani ducks (320 birds) of 32-weeks-old (240 females and 80 males) were randomly allocated into four collections (body weight; 1850±15.2g for females and 2960.0±40.5g for males). The primary collection consumed the basal diet without supplementation and was deliberated as control. The other three collections were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.5, 5.00 and 7.5g EP/kg diet, correspondingly. Egg number and mass, laying rate, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly changed by dietary EP levels. Drakes fed EP-supplemented diets had higher ejaculate volume, sperms concentration and live sperms (%) as well as lower dead sperms (%) than the control group. Eggs laid by ducks fed diet supplemented with 2.5g/kg had the greatest fertility and hatchability percentages, followed by those fed 5.0g EP/kg. Ducks fed different EP diets had higher values of haemoglobin, RBCs, WBCs and lymphocytes, lower values of heterophils percentage and lower H/L ratio than the control. All serum constituents were significantly changed by dietary EP supplementation, except of total protein and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme. Conclusively, dietary EP supplementation at 2.5g/kg had beneficial effects on productive and reproductive performance as well as lipid profile and antioxidant status and economically valued in breeder ducks under summer conditions.

Markers of the Endothelial Glycocalyx Are Improved following Kidney Transplantation

Introduction: The endothelial glycocalyx on the vascular luminal surface contributes to endothelial health and function. Damage to this layer is indicative of vascular injury, reflected by increased levels of its shed constituents in serum and an increase in the perfused boundary region (PBR) when measured in sublingual capillaries using the GlycoCheck™ device. We aimed to examine the longitudinal effects of kidney transplantation on the glycocalyx by measuring biochemical markers of the glycocalyx and endothelial dysfunction and the PBR. Methods: We recruited healthy controls and stage 5 CKD patients scheduled to undergo a kidney transplant. Investigations were performed before transplant and then 1 and 3 months after transplantation. At each point, blood was collected for hyaluronan, syndecan-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), and von Willebrand factor (vWF), and a PBR measurement was performed. Results: Thirty healthy controls and 17 patients undergoing a kidney transplant were recruited (9 cadaveric and 8 live donation; 12 on dialysis and 5 pre-emptive). Before transplant, transplant recipients had greater evidence of glycocalyx damage than controls. After transplant, PBR improved from median 2.22 (range 1.29–2.73) to 1.98 (1.65–2.25) µm, p = 0.024, and syndecan-1 levels decreased from 98 (40–529) to 36 (20–328) ng/mL, p < 0.001. Similarly, VCAM-1 fell from 1,479 (751–2,428) at baseline to 823 (516–1,674) ng/mL, p < 0.001, and vWF reduced from 3,114 (1,549–5,197) to 2,007 (1,503–3,542) mIU/mL, p = 0.002. Serum levels of hyaluronan remained unchanged. Conclusion: The combination of reduced PBR and syndecan-1 following transplant suggests that transplantation may improve glycocalyx stability at 3 months after transplant.

Relation of Saliva and Blood Tropin Level functions its Reactions of Myocardial Infraction

Cardiac troponin is a specific biomarker and significantly rises after Myocardial Infarction. Saliva is a non-interventional bio-fluid which contains portion of serum constituents and can be key in diagnosis of cardiac action. Saliva a plasma ultra-filtrate can substitute serum for detection of tropin as saliva may produce more accurate, inexpensive and convenient results. Cardiac tropin offer a wide range of temporal diagnostic window as their levels remain elevated in saliva up to 14 days after myocardial injury, allowing diagnostic confirmation even when patients delay their presentation to medical care after onset of symptoms.

Effects of Improved (Addition of Antimicrobials and Antioxidants) Locally Produced Natural Vitamin Premix on Performance, Hematology and Some Serum Constituents of Broiler Chickens

An experiment was conducted to compare the haematology and some serum constituents and performance of broilers fed diets containing improved (addition of anti-microbial and anti-oxidant) locally produced natural vitamin premix (LPNVP), LPNVP without improvement and commercial vitamin premix (CVMP). Haematology of the birds was not affected by the dietary treatments. However, red blood cell (RBC) count was significantly high (P&lt;0.05) for the birds fed diet containing improved LPNVP The haemoglobin, PCK, RBC and WBC values observed for birds fed improved LPNVP were 13 gm%, 32%, 246 x 1012/L and 3.1 x 1010/L respectively. Serological parameters observed in the study were not significantly different (P&gt;0,.05) for all the dietary conditions studied. Birds fed diet containing improved LPNVP also recorded comparable serum components to control diet containing the commercial vitamin/’mineral premix. Serum calcium, phosphorus, glucose, ureate, creatinine and total protein observed for birds fed diet containing improved LPNVP were 2.32%, 0.70%, 3.60Mmo/L, 2.9Mmo/L, 0.25Mmol/L, 58Mmol/L and 66g/100ml respectively. Feed intake, weight gain and feed utilization were similar (P&gt;0.05) for the various dietary treatments. Birds fed improved LPNVP based diets tended to record better feed intake than did the control birds on CVMP based diets and unimproved LPNVP. Generally, improvement of LPNVP tended to give better performance of broilers than did other dietary treatments.

Biochemical status of serum and corresponding milk of cows kept under open grazing system in Sirajganj, Bangladesh

Background: In open grazing dairy cattle farming, it is critical to identify and monitor health status and disease incidence. Testing of physiological parameters is essential to monitoring the health status of dairy herds. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the comparative status of serum chemistry and corresponding milk chemistry in cattle reared in open grazing system. Methods: The research was conducted in 10 clinically healthy cows reared under open grazing system from different commercial farms of Baghabari in Sirajganj district. Blood samples were collected from individual animal through the jugular vein puncture. Corresponding milk samples were collected directly from teat during the morning milking time. Blood and milk samples were brought to the laboratory in an ice cooled sample transportation box. Total serum protein, glucose, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride concentration and corresponding milk protein, lactose, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride concentration were measured by using standard analytical techniques. Results: Results showed that, there was a partially positive correlation among blood glucose and milk lactose (0.698), blood cholesterol and milk cholesterol (0.709), blood sodium and milk sodium (0.657). In addition, a strongly positive correlation was found between blood calcium and milk calcium (0.905). However, partially negative correlation between blood phosphorus and milk phosphorus (-0.688) was observed. Conclusions: The study shows the prospect of effectively using comparative analysis of serum and corresponding milk constituents to construct a comprehensive model or technology for the betterment of dairy farming in Bangladesh.

Attribution and identification of absorbed components by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS after oral administration of Erhuang decoction

To realize the attribution and identification of absorbed components in rat serum after oral administration of Erhuang decoction prepared by semi-bionic enzyme extraction method, the fingerprints of serum samples were established using a HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS method. Thirty-two peaks in Erhuang decoction and 24 peaks in rat serum after oral administration of Erhuang decoction were detected. Among the 24 peaks detected in rat serum, 25 compounds were identified by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry data with that of reference compounds, or by mass spectrometry analysis and retrieving the reference literatures. Among the identified 25 compounds in vivo, 24 were the original form of compounds absorbed from the detected compounds in vitro, and one was the metabolite compounds of licorice. By analyzing the mass spectrometry or ultraviolet absorption characteristics, other unidentified compounds in vivo were deduced to be the endogenous metabolites in serum or the original form and metabolites of the compounds existed in vivo. Results indicated that HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS is suitable for identifying the bioactive constituents in serum after oral administration of Erhuang decoction, and the findings would be beneficial to further research and development of the pharmacodynamic substance base of Erhuang decoction.

Defatted yellow mealworm larvae (&lt;I&gt;Tenebrio molitor&lt;/I&gt; l.) meal as possible alternative to fish meal in quail diets

The effects of replacing fish meal (FM) in the diet with defatted mealworm larvae meal (DMLM) on growth, carcass, and biochemical constituents of serum of Japanese quail chicks were investigated. A total of 600 unsexed one-day-old chicks were allotted to five dietary treatments with six replicates of 20 chicks each. The diets were formulated by replacing FM with DMLM at the levels of 25% (D25), 50% (D50), 75% (D75), and 100% (D100). The FM, D25 and D50 diets resulted in greater final bodyweight, higher bodyweight gain, and improved feed conversion ratio compared with the other diets. Diets that contained DMLM decreased the feed intake compared with the FM diet. The FM and D25 diets increased the hot and cold carcass yields compared with the other diets, whereas the D75 and D100 diets significantly enhanced the relative weight of the small intestine and abdominal fat compared with FM, D25, and D50. The replacement of FM with DMLM reduced the serum globulin, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and the albumin to globulin ratio significantly. The best protein and energy efficiency ratios and European efficiency factor were obtained with the D25 and D50 diets. In conclusion, the replacement of FM with DMLM at the levels of 25% and 50% produced positive results in growth performance, in serum albumin to globulin ratio, and in nutrient use efficiency in quail.Keywords: performance, serum biochemistry, slaughtering

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SERUM AND SALIVARY BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II WITH HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS

Introduction: Blood is the gold standard body fluid for diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) but saliva can offers an alternative to serum as a biological fluid for diagnostic purposes because it contains serum constituents. People wants that medical science should promote non invasive method for diagnosis of disease.&#x0D; Aim: The study was conducted to estimate and compare serum and salivary glucose, total protein, calcium and phosphorus levels in DM type ll and healthy subjects and to evaluate whether saliva can be used as a diagnostic fluid in DM type ll patients. The target population of this study was individuals who have Type-2 DM for different period of time and resident INDORE.&#x0D; Materials &amp; Methods: Study consisted of 50 subjects from OPD/IPD Index Medical College &amp; Research Center, INDORE, MADHYA PRADESH, India. The study groups were divided into Group I-25 DM patients (TypeII) and Group II-25 healthy subjects. The saliva and serum samples were collected from each subject and levels of different biochemical parameters were estimated.&#x0D; Result: were noted. On comparing values in saliva and serum, among two groups, a significant difference (p&lt;0.005) was found between few of them.&#x0D; Conclusion: Values regarding blood and salivary biochemical parameters were distinctly different between two groups suggesting salivary parameters can be used as a diagnostic alternative to blood parameters for diabetes mellitus.&#x0D;

Effect of differing amounts of microalgae (Schizochytrium limacinum) added via milk on performance and antioxidant capacity of dairy calves

This study evaluated the effect of different amounts of marine microalgae (Schizochytrium limacinum) via milk on performance, serum constituents and antioxidant indicators of dairy calves. Twenty-four Holstein calves were distributed to one of four treatments (six replicates) according to a completely randomized design: a control treatment (without microalgae), or microalgae supplementation at 6, 12 and 18 grams of microalgae per day supplied via milk. Two blood samples were taken, at 21 and 42 days of the experiment, to measure activities of antioxidant enzymes: glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The supplementation of increased amount of microalgae did not influence dry matter intake (DMI) and performance (P&gt;0.05). At the 21 days of life, there was a linear increase in serum protein (P = 0.03), globulin (P = 0.006) and in SOD activity (P = 0.05). Linear reduction in ROS (P = 0.001) and a quadratic effect for heavy immunoglobulin G (IgG) (P = 0.02) were observed as the microalgae amounts increased. Close to weaning, at 42 days, serum globulin (P = 0.003), GST (P = 0.002) and SOD (P = 0.02) linearly increased with the inclusion of microalgae. Conversely, enzymatic activity of CAT showed a quadratic effect (P = 0.05). Supplementation of microalgae via milk did not influence intake and performance dairy calves. However, the use of microalgae as a feed additive to dairy calves at amount of 6 g/d is recommended due to its stimulation of antioxidant enzymes and reduction on serum levels of free radicals.