Constant Modification Research Articles

Ionizing Radiation Effects on Hs 578Bst Microtubules

Microtubules are one of the three components of the cell cytoskeleton. They are hollow wires, with a diameter of about 25 nm, formed by 13 laterally associated protofilaments composed by dimers of - and β-tubulin. Microtubules are dynamic structures which constantly undergo constant modifications by shrinking and elongating in a phenomenon called treadmilling. Microtubules intervene in various fundamental aspects of the cell's biology. They contribute to determine the shape of a cell, play a role in the cell movement and in the intracellular transport of organelles during motion and mitotic chromo-some segregation. Despite the relevance of the processes mediated by microtubules most studies on the effects of ionizing radiations (IR) focus their attention on the damages delivered to DNA. In this paper we attempt to assess the effects borne by IRs to the microtubules network as a biological target. In this study we irradiated Hs 578Bst cells (a no-cancer, no-immortalized, human breast epithelial cell line) with a 8Gy single dose of either X-rays or protons. After the irradiated cells fixation the microtubules were imaged by means of Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) to characterize the network disruption. In our results MT fibers integrity appears to not have been significantly affected at the administered dose of protons and X-rays, nonetheless we observed differences in the MT network distribution and fiber curvatures

VARIACIÓN ESPACIO-TEMPORAL DE TRES ESPECIES DE TANAIDÁCEOS (CRUSTACEA: PERACARIDA) EN EL SISTEMA LAGUNAR DE MANDINGA, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO EN EL PERIODO 2008-2015

<p>The increasing anthropogenic development of the Veracruz Metropolitan Area demands the updating and monitoring of the region’s biodiversity, particularly on the spatial-temporal dynamics of those potential indicator groups of any disturbance. We present the first study on the Tanaidaceans of the Lagunar System of Mandinga, Veracruz, Mexico. Seven collections were made on submerged vegetation and sediments in dry season from 2008 to 2015 and one in the rainy season of the first year. Organisms were collected with a dredger and a Renfro-like net on submerged vegetation. One species from the suborder Apsudomorpha, <em>Discapseudes (Discapseudes) mexicanus</em> Gutu, 2006 and two from the suborder Tanaidomorpha, <em>Chondrochelia dubia</em> (Krøyer, 1842) and <em>Hargeria rapax</em> (Harger, 1879). The former recorded the highest distribution and abundance during the study period, confirming that <em>D. mexicanus </em>is a tanaidacean characteristic of the coastal systems of the Gulf of Mexico and it is associated with environments with high organic content in the sediments, while the other species were collected with lower abundances. In general, the downward trend in its abundance is noticeable over time, a fact that can be attributed to the constant modifications and alterations that SLM has undergone throughout the study period.</p>

Structural insights into the effect of active-site mutation on the catalytic mechanism of carbonic anhydrase.

Enzymes are catalysts of biological processes. Significant insight into their catalytic mechanisms has been obtained by relating site-directed mutagenesis studies to kinetic activity assays. However, revealing the detailed relationship between structural modifications and functional changes remains challenging owing to the lack of information on reaction intermediates and of a systematic way of connecting them to the measured kinetic parameters. Here, a systematic approach to investigate the effect of an active-site-residue mutation on a model enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), is described. Firstly, structural analysis is performed on the crystallographic intermediate states of native CA II and its V143I variant. The structural comparison shows that the binding affinities and configurations of the substrate (CO2) and product (HCO3 -) are altered in the V143I variant and the water network in the water-replenishment pathway is restructured, while the proton-transfer pathway remains mostly unaffected. This structural information is then used to estimate the modifications of the reaction rate constants and the corresponding free-energy profiles of CA II catalysis. Finally, the obtained results are used to reveal the effect of the V143I mutation on the measured kinetic parameters (k cat and k cat/K m) at the atomic level. It is believed that the systematic approach outlined in this study may be used as a template to unravel the structure-function relationships of many other biologically important enzymes.

Structural, Magnetic and DC Electrical Resistivity Studies of Ni–Zn–Cr Ferrites Prepared by the Citrate-Gel Auto-Combustion Method

Nanocrystalline chromium substituted Ni–Zn nanoferrites with composition Ni0.5Zn0.5CrxFe2−xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25, in steps of 0.05) have been synthesized using citrate-gel auto-combustion method. The as synthesized powder of the starting composition has been characterized by using TG–DTA in air atmosphere for the temperature up to 800 °C and X-ray diffraction for its structure. Upon confirming the spinel phase for the starting composition, the chromium substituted Ni–Zn ferrite nano powders were synthesized by the similar procedure. The as synthesized powders were pressed into pellets and toroids under uniaxial pressure followed with sintering in air atmosphere for 4 h at 1100 °C for electrical and magnetic characterizations. The X-ray diffraction studies revealed a decrease of the lattice constant and considerable modification in the structure of Ni–Zn ferrite with the substitution of Cr3+ for Fe3+ ions. The room temperature FT-IR spectra displayed three significant IR absorption bands in the wave number range of 350–600 cm−1 which is a characteristic of the spinel structure. The band positions and intensities were found to vary with chromium substitution in Ni–Zn ferrite. The room temperature DC electrical resistivity and activation energy for conduction in the Ni–Zn–Cr ferrite samples were measured by using the two-probe method while the AC resistivity studies were carried out in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 13 MHz and the all the observations have been discussed in the light of existing understanding.

Irakasleen arteko harreman pedagogikoak eskola testuinguruan: Jakintza ikastola, begirada berrien bila

Gaur egungo gizarte errealitateari begirada azkar bat ematen badiogu, ziurgabetasunari eta etengabeko aldaketari erreparatzea ezinbestekoa da. Irakasleek beren jarduera testuinguru horretan garatu behar dutenez, eskola eremuan sortzen dituzten harremanen analisiak garrantzia dauka. Hurrengo artikuluan, irakasle talde bateko kideek beren arteko harremanen inguruan duten iritzia/ikuspegia jasotzea izan dugu helburu. Horretarako, arreta berezia eskaini diegu irakasleen arteko harremanei, haien definizioari, eskolako giroari, espazioari eta denborari, bai eta irakasleen arteko zaintza ikuspegiei ere. Gai horiei buruzko datuak eskuratzeko, metodologia kualitatiboa erabili dugu: elkarrizketa erdi-egituratuak egin zaizkie hiru irakasleri; ondoren, 13 irakaslerekin mintegi bat egin da. Mintegian, focus groups dinamikaren egiturari jarraituz argazkien erregistroa eta haien inguruko narratibak sortu dira. Ondoren, ikerketarekin lotura duten hainbat kontzepturen deskribapena egin da eta, amaitzeko, irakasleen artean ardazturiko eztabaida. Emaitzek erakutsi dute, irakasleen arteko harremanek garrantzia duten arren, gaiaren inguruko formakuntza handitzea ezinbestekoa dela. Izan ere, harremanen dinamikek zeharo baldintzatu dezakete eskolako giroa eta bertako irakasleen ongizatea.

REVIEWING THE CURRENT STATE OF EXTENSION IN GAUTENG PROVINCE: CASE OF FOOD SECURITY SUB-DIRECTORATES.

Given the introduction and evolution of technology aimed at improving agricultural production, agricultural extension and advisory services are crucial in ensuring understanding and adoption of these technologies. Research also emphasizes that extension acts as a bridge that facilitates connection between research and farmers as well as improve the efficiency and effectiveness of technology transfer. With the vast array of approaches and tools available, it is important that extension service methodologies are aligned and customised to beneficiaries to ensure assimilation of the intended interventions. According to the Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services (GFRAS), extension practitioners need to be cognisant of constant modifications to extension approaches and tools, and assess and select the appropriate approaches and tools to suit their respective working conditions and objectives. This study aimed at examining the state of extension in Gauteng province to ascertain its alignment to recommendations on how extension and advisory services should be for maximised impact. Primary data was collected from agricultural advisors (AAs) and senior AAs (SAAs) of Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (GDARD) sub directorate of Food Security, which focusses on servicing food gardens. The study utilized descriptive statistics and thematic analysis to identify and assess agricultural extension tools and their perceived effectiveness. According to the SAAs, the departmental elected extension method is the technology transfer approach. The adopted approach does not allow consultation and participatory of beneficiaries being serviced. However, data collected from the AAs indicated that methods the AAs found effective included training and visit system, demonstration, and individual and group activities. To ensure that the AAs are aligned with modern technologies, AAs indicated utilising sources such web-based search engines, attendance of workshops and training, reading technical report and magazines, as well as attending information days. The selection of these resources was informed by resources available to the AAs, their knowledge and consultation with colleagues. The departmental adopted approach and AAs implementation tools need to be aligned in order to receive maximum impact. With inconsistencies observed in the performance of food gardens within the province and between the regions, it is recommended that GDARD investigates methods that have previously shown to be effective for extension and those that are technology-driven to ensure efficiency and effectiveness of technology transfer, also considering minimising the use of resources.

Towards A Post-Traumatic Urban Design That Heals Cities’ Inhabitants Suffering From PTSD

Cities are generally in a state of constant modification. Some experience this modification at a more rapid pace due to the technology available in the city; others experience this modification due to the city’s time of life, which requires many civilizations to imprint their architectural style and project their social image and identity. In certain cases, these modifications are due to natural disasters, such as earthquakes or tsunamis, or man-made wars, or even both. The study revealed that the relationship found between the ability of “Beirutis” (how Beirut’s original inhabitants call themselves) to perceive their identity through the built environment and PTSD, will help urban planners and architects find the procedures based on observation and scientific facts to build with the opportunity to heal disaster-torn cities’ inhabitants from PTSD.

C and P pool restoration by a no-tillage system on Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol in Piauí State.

The Cerrado soil is under constant modification, especially because of the use of agricultural systems, which affect soil carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) functioning. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the C and P dynamics in Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol in Piauí State under natural and anthropic conditions, considering that conservational agricultural management and no-tillage systems can restore the C and P pools in that soil. Four soil samples with distinct characteristics (native Cerrado, NC; burned native Cerrado, BNC; conventional tillage agricultural system, CTS; and no-tillage agricultural system, NTS) were collected in the study area for chemical and physical laboratory analysis. The total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations found were 33gkg-1, 27gkg-1, 26gkg-1, and 20gkg-1 for CTS, NTS, NC, and BNC, respectively. The NTS had a total nitrogen (TN) concentration of 2.0gkg-1. The CTS had 33.4gkg-1 of soil-oxidizable C, followed by the NTS with 27.2gkg-1. In both studied layers, the NTS had an organic P concentration > 200mgkg-1. The higher TOC concentration in the CTS was because of the higher content of clay in comparison with that in the NTS. The organic P in the NTS was associated with a less labile fraction of C. Thus, despite the disturbance caused by agricultural systems, the adoption of the NTS could be an influential strategy in agricultural systems to restore soil organic functioning in the Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol in Piauí State.

Power Model of a Small Wind Plant

The production of small wind turbines requires constant modification of their designes. One of the main criteria for efficiency is the power of the wind farm. It makes it possible to evaluate the economic effect in simple categories and by simple means. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to develop a simplified scheme for estimating power flows in a wind farm to assess its main technical and economic indicators. (Materials and methods) The article describes the main operating modes of small wind power plant and correlates them with wind speeds. A small wind turbine with a capacity of 1.8 kilowatt with attack angle control with a nominal wind speed of 8 meters per second was used as the initial sample for testing. The dependence of the power of an operating small wind farm on the wind speed are presented in the article and was used for creating a mathematical model. (Results and discussion) It has been suggested that the efficiency at the nominal wind speed is maximum, but at the starting wind speed it is close to zero. The article presents a power model, the total power output of the installation, the static power loss dynamic power loss of power and aerodynamic limitations. In this case, the power of dynamic losses depends on the overall efficiency of the wind turbine, which is a function of the wind speed. The article presents graphical representation of these power flows. (Conclusions) The theoretical dependence of wind turbine capacity flows is a simple way to determine them in an existing wind turbine. The main characteristics of the model can be calculated from the dependence of power on wind speed, which significantly expands the possibilities of its application for further research. The model can be used in evaluating the effectiveness of the designed structure or changes in it.

Engineering coupling in electromagnetic topological models via staggered bianisotropy

Magneto-electric coupling known also as bianisotropy plays a fundamental role in time-reversal-invariant photonic topological metamaterials being responsible for opening of a topological bandgap. To further uncover the fundamental link between bianisotropy and photonic topological states, we investigate scattering of light from the individual bianisotropic disk and reveal polarization dependence of scattering which provides a photonic analogue of spin Hall effect originating from the coupling between electric and magnetic responses of the disk. Based on the field patterns from the individual meta-atom, we further design a linear array of such bianisotropic disks. Employing coupled-dipole model, we demonstrate that local modification of the disk bianisotropy translates into the modification of coupling constants in the effective photonic Hamiltonian thus opening an avenue to engineer electromagnetic topological states via the staggered bianisotropy pattern. To confirm our findings, we realize a representative example of such one-dimensional array experimentally and detect the interface states at the domain wall.

Discussion of Elective Sonolucent Cranioplasty for Real-Time Ultrasound Monitoring of Flow and Patency of an Extra- to Intracranial Bypass.

Discussion of Elective Sonolucent Cranioplasty for Real-Time Ultrasound Monitoring of Flow and Patency of an Extra- to Intracranial Bypass.

Effects of food properties on chewing in pigs: Flexibility and stereotypy of jaw movements in a mammalian omnivore

Chewing is a rhythmic oral behavior that requires constant modifications of jaw movements in response to changes in food properties. The food-specific kinematic response is dependent on the potential for kinematic flexibility allowed by morphology and modulation of motor control. This study investigates the effects of food toughness and stiffness on the amplitude and variability of jaw movements during chewing in a typical omnivorous mammalian model (pigs). Jaw movements were reconstructed using X-ray Reconstruction Of Moving Morphology (XROMM) and kinematic data associated with the amplitude of jaw pitch (opening-closing) and jaw yaw (mediolateral rotation) were extracted for each cycle. Between-food differences were tested for the amplitude of jaw movements during each phase of the gape cycle, as well as in their respective within-food variability, or stereotypy, as indicated by coefficients of variation. With increasing toughness, jaw pitch amplitude is decreased during fast close, larger and more stereotyped during slow close, smaller but more variable during slow open, and more variable during fast open. In addition, when chewing on tougher foods, the amplitude of jaw yaw during slow close only increases in a subset of individuals, but all become less variable (i.e., more stereotyped). In contrast, increasing food stiffness has no effect on the amplitude or the variability of jaw pitch, whereas jaw yaw increases significantly in the majority of individuals studied. Our data demonstrate that food stiffness and toughness both play a role in modulating gape cycle dynamics by altering the trajectory of jaw movements, especially during the slow-close phase and tooth-food-tooth contact, albeit differently. This highlights how a generalist oral morphology such as that of pigs (e.g., bunodont teeth lacking precise occlusion, permissive temporomandibular joint allowing extensive condylar displacements in 3 dimensions) enables organisms to not only adjust chewing movements in their amplitude, but also in their variability.

Теоретичне підґрунтя формування об’єднаної Європи

The analysis of the European integration is impossible without exploring the development of the idea of uniting European peoples and the main theoretical trends that have developed over several centuries of the European history. Therefore, the study of theories and concepts of the creation of the united Europe is essential for understanding the essence of integrational processes that took place on the European continent. The article analyzes the approaches, depicted in the scientific literature, to understanding the notion of «integration», which are characterized by their diversity in defining the nature, content, mechanisms, levels of interaction of states, when along with the integral state approach, other approaches emerge to aid understanding such as institutional and managerial, sociological, systemic, functional, etc. It is determined that at the current stage of the world development, the integration of states is a worldwide trend that allows the integration associations to stand together in the conditions of intensified competition between countries. The article covers the prerequisites for European integration: historical, political, socio-economic, civilizational and cultural. Furthermore, it explores the theoretical foundations of the processes of European integration, explains the evolution of theoretical thought regarding the choice of the European integration model in different times of the European history. With regard to the nature and essence of the European integration processes, the article summarizes the theoretical studies, which can be differentiated by scope, political aspect, orientation and historical development. The characteristics of the main directions of development of key theories and concepts of the European integration are outlined as follows: federalist theory, functionalism, neo-functionalism, intergovernmentalism, etc. Attention is paid to the federalist theories of Ukrainian origin, which substantiated the possibilities of federal associations of Ukraine with other states, which could have shared common historical conditions and connections. Along with the evolution of theoretical understanding of the European integration, there have been practical attempts to translate them into European reality, which are also reflected in the article. The article concludes that the main focus of the European Union's development at the past and present stages is the optimal combination of political, economic and social progress, which is reflected in the theories of European integration. However, the integration process itself, its development, requires constant modification of existing concepts and models of the EU development based on them.

Summary of Practice Considerations for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Left Main Bifurcation Disease.

Left main bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention is a challenging subset that requires expertise in techniques that are in constant modification. Imaging is important in lesion preparation and optimising outcomes. The interventionalist needs to be highly skilled in the different techniques, as missteps may lead to stent thrombosis and critical in-stent restenosis. Lesion classification between simple and complex identifies those who would best benefit from a two-stent technique. Current technical approaches and practice considerations are summarised in this manuscript.

Innovative business-models of logistics support of enterprise development

Purpose. The aim of the article is generalization of scientific-theoretical and improvement of methodological approaches to substantiation of innovative business- model of logistical support of innovative development of the enterprise for timely satisfaction of consumer demand. Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods are used in the process of research, in particular: system analysis - to determine the impact of external and internal environment, market infrastructure on innovative business models of logistics of enterprise development; abstract and logical - in determining the possibilities of logistical support for the development of the enterprise and meeting the needs of consumers. Findings. The need for enterprise development in the form of an efficient and competitive logistics system, which is currently costly and imperfect, negatively affects the investment attractiveness and competitiveness of products, enterprises and the country. It is established that logistics belongs to the category where the impact of digitalization is difficult to fully assess and implement due to the need for comprehensive modernization of infrastructure and technological processes. The sphere of logistics services in Industry 4.0 is characterized by features that are both indicators of the development of digitalization: the use of big data and cloud technologies; the spread of the Internet of Things; robotics development; dissemination of 3D printing technology; block-chain; crowdsourcing. Originality. The logistical support of the innovative business model of modern enterprise development is proposed, which should be based on a system set of methods and organizational and management mechanisms of information technologies, software packages to achieve strategic development goals based on innovative transformation and implementation and use of artificial intelligence systems and Smart-grid technologies, network structures, clusters or hubs in search of opportunities to strengthen innovation capacity to meet the needs of consumers in a timely manner. Practical value. The obtained results of the study can be used to expand the introduction of logistics innovations as part of innovative development of the enterprise, achieve better results of enterprises of industrial and non-industrial spheres, which will bring them to a new level of development and improve the economic situation from the standpoint of logistics as time requirements are constant monitoring of the market situation for the use of new methods of work and constant modifications of products or services. Key words: innovations, logistics, technologies, products, modification, development, enterprise, attractiveness, commercialization, efficiency, consumers.

Exploring the Architectural-identity of Bali Post Hasta Kosala Kosali

As the product of culture and the background of human activities, architecture that constructs place-identity are in a state of constant modification. This paper explores the dynamic development of architecture of a vernacular landscape since the time when external power of colonialization introduced new ideas, techniques and construction methods to the more traditional know how. A case study in Bali is analyzed through historical research involving document and policy analysis, in depth interview with key informants, observation and building surveys. The result shows that prior to colonization era, the island was developed based on local building codes called Hasta Kosala-Kosali that is written on traditional lontar leaf manuscripts. New political system as well as business interests are two main factors influencing the transformation of architectural-identity of the island in the colonial and post-colonial era to date. The physical identity is among the main charms of the Island of Bali. In order to maintain the attractiveness of the island, the public and private sector should work together with the community in establishing policies regarding the physical development of Bali.Keywords: Architectural identity, tradition, post-colonialism, hasta kosala-kosali

Application of Machine Training to Search Vulnerabilities in the Software Code

The article considers the possibility of using artificial intelligence in the field of information security. For this, the following domain contradiction was highlighted: sharpening of detection algorithms for specific vulnerabilities in VS code, constant modification of the vulnerability code. To resolve the contradiction, an object is considered – software with vulnerabilities in the process of its development, for the subject – ways of intellectual analysis of its characteristics. A hypothetical solution is proposed through the use of Machine Learning Technology to identify vulnerabilities in software, using a huge amount of accumulated knowledge. Also, possible signs of software representations used for the operation of the Technology are given.

Implementación del trabajo estandarizado en la industria de la construcción

Standard Work (SW) focuses on reducing variability and waste based on three conceptual elements: takt-time, work sequence, and work-in-process. Considering the importance of SW implementation in the Construction Industry, there is a need for adapting the conceptual elements due to differences between the production systems. This paper discusses the singularities of SW concepts adaptation in construction processes and proposes four implementation rules. A participatory case study was conducted aimed at the implementing SW in the construction of the reinforced concrete structure of a 26-floor residential building developed by a Brazilian construction company. This process is characterized by long cycle time, a great number of interrelated operations performed by workers with specialized skills who traditionally have autonomy in organizing their work. The singularities refer to the adaptation of the conceptual elements to the context investigated and resulted in four rules to implement SW in the construction industry: (a) define daily work packages as a control parameter due to the long takt- time; (b) focus the specifications of standard work sequences on the team, allowing space for autonomous decisions; (c) establish batches’ size prioritising the sharing of resources between work packages; and (d) define specifications for transporting and storing resources since there are constant modifications of the workstations.

Design of a microstrip metamaterial for C-band Radar absorber

Electromagnetic wave absorber has an important role in radar technology used for military as well as for civilian application. There are many electromagnetic wave absorbing technologies used in current radar technology, one of which is an absorber based on metamaterial. In this paper, design of a microstrip metamaterial for C-band radar absorber will be discussed. The metamaterialabsorbers on theC-bandrange is designed on microstrip material having a thickness 4.8 mm and dielectric constant 2.17. There are several techniques can be implemented to broad the working frequency, which are increasing substrate thickness, decreasing dielectric constant and patch modification. In this work, the simulation method is employed for optimizing the design and achieving good electromagnetic wave absorption at the C-band working frequency. Simulated result show the microstrip metamaterial design has broadband absorption lower than -10 dB ranging from 4.3 GHz to 7.1 GHz. Based on the characteristics, this design can be realized as radar absorber at C-band frequency

Molecular mechanisms involved in bacterial chromatin organization

Advances in high resolution microscopy techniques and development of high throughput DNA analyses allow to reconsider the views concerning bacterial chromosome (nucleoid). Recent reports show that nucleoid exhibits a hierarchical organization, similarly to the eukaryotic chromatin. However, bacterial chromosome undergoes constant modifications and topological rearrangements due to the ongoing DNA replication, transcription and translation processes. Organization of dynamic and highly compacted nucleoid structure depends on physical factors acting on chromosome molecule inside small cell compartment, and is a consequence of action of many different DNA-binding proteins. The main goal of this review is to present the recent reports on bacterial chromatin structure and to elucidate the physical and molecular factors influencing its intracellular organization.