Constant Modification Research Articles

Identifying the Social Urban Spatial Structure of Vulnerability: Towards Climate Change Equity in Bogotá

The constant modification of land use, economic instability, environmental factors, and social behaviour changes among the inhabitants of big cities characterize current urbanism. In Colombia, land-use planning processes supported by geographical information systems are a recent phenomenon and the legal instruments of spatial planning are inadequate in most municipalities. Moreover, socio-spatial equity represents a challenge for Latin American cities in which there is increasing awareness of the role that spatial planning plays. Consequently, the question arises as to how the urban spatial structure and organization contribute to an inclusive and equitable socio-spatial evolution, considering climate change impacts. The case study analysed in this article focuses upon the northern limits of the city of Bogotá. Therefore, this research aims to define the ideal balance of urban land-use distribution between social stratum classification and the vulnerability of the communities seeking to better adapt to climate change. We propose a methodological approach of analysing spatial syntax and the (social) intensity of activities and infrastructure, which enables us to characterize the urban structure itself and identify vulnerable urban instances. As a result, we find that the urban network with low values presents spatial unpredictability in its pattern, constraining equitable development based on the urban morphology of the city. This research allows us to conclude that the degree of vulnerability encountered by the social urban spatial structure is higher in expansion areas than in central areas of the city.

Views on identity in moving from „me“ to „us“ and from „is“ to „should“

The paper presents sociological views on identity from terminological ambiguity to theoretical and functional openness in accordance with the needs of the individual and the society that is changing and evolving. From an interactionist point of view, identity is formed through communication and action; in the structuralist sense, it represents the imprint of social structure, while the reflexive hypothesis assumes the self-production of identity through rational action. According to the formative hypothesis identity is a constant renewal of life as opposed to forms of materialized culture. Late modernity is characterized by the delegitimization of diversity factors (gender, religion, and social status). Identity policies are presented by a weak identity theory and a strong identity theory through the strengthening of the dominant identity or through the search for a new identity. A strong identity theory is an anchored identity based on rigid identity sequences and marked by xenophobia and intolerance. Protecting identity through isolation, while avoiding comparison with others in communicative interaction, leads to an anchored identity which faces difficulties while coping with the changes in a developing society, indicating that the time of an anchored identity is over. Understanding identity as an unfinished process indicates an identity crisis that does not necessarily have to be shock, frustration, and a sense of hopelessness but may be a crisis of identity growth and modification. The process of identification and emergence of identity as a constant transformation can be presented as a continuum of constant adaptation, modification, and growth, leading to new levels / layers / circles of identity and opportunities for the continuation of the identity development process. Keywords: identity, reflexivity, strong identity theory, weak identity theory, transnational identity, identity crisis.

Взаимосвязь мотивационно-потребностной сферы студентов в период карантина с полем восприятия понятий «коронавирус», «карантин» и «самоизоляция» (на материалах исследования магистров ПНИПУ)

The article explores the peculiarities of the relationship of motivational and demand sphere with the field of perception of the concept of “coronavirus”, “quarantine”, “self-isolation” in modern society. Their interrelations influence both the formation of a holistic personality and the formation of public opinion. The study is based on the notion that life values are a set of different inherently social attitudes, which under the influence of external social forms of interaction and intrapersonal characteristics are subject to constant modification, which is reflected in the system of perception, as the world as a whole, and in particular at the conceptual, sense-making level. Thus, studying the peculiarities of the relationship of personal value orientations with the field of perception of a particular concept, we can build a dynamic scheme of mutually influential vectors of values, orientations, life priorities, taking into account the specific conceptual perception of the concept under study. The study revealed that the respondents are more characterized by the prevalence of focus on the material situation, spiritual satisfaction, as well as achievement and self-development. These values are manifested in the spheres of professional life, education and family relations. In the field of perception of the highlighted concepts there is a number of significant differences, so the concept of “coronavirus” has a negative value assessment while high subjective importance in the individual personal plan for the person. The concepts of “self-isolation” and “quarantine” are perceived positively in terms of value, while in the subjective, personal plan they carry a negative dynamic for the individual. Thus, the study confirmed that depending on the structure of basic needs, value priorities, which the person holds, we can assume what attitude he will have to the studied concepts, what meaning he will fill them.

Complementary consistency test of the Copernican principle via Noether’s theorem and machine learning forecasts

The Copernican principle $(CP)$, i.e. the assumption that we are not privileged observers of the Universe, is a fundamental tenet of the standard cosmological model. A violation of this postulate implies the possibility that the apparent cosmic acceleration could be explained without the need of a cosmological constant, dark energy or covariant modifications of gravity. In this paper we present a new test of the $CP$ relating the distance and the expansion rate, derived via Noether's theorem, which is complementary to other tests found in the literature. We also simulate fiducial data based on upcoming stage IV galaxy surveys and use them to reconstruct the Hubble rate $H(z)$ and the angular diameter distance ${d}_{A}(z)$ in order to forecast how well our null test can constrain deviations from the cosmological constant model. We find that our new test can easily rule out several scenarios based on the Lema\^{\i}tre-Tolman-Bondi void model at confidence of $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}3\ensuremath{\sigma}$ at middle to high redshifts $(z>0.5)$.

Influence of irradiance on the growth and biochemical composition of Nitzschia aff. pellucida

In this paper the influence of irradiance and the operation modes on biomass production and biochemical composition, especially the fatty acid profile, on the diatom Nitzschia aff. pellucida was studied. Experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, but simulating those outdoors, at irradiances ranging from 100 to 1000 µmol photons m−2 s−1, both in batch and semi-continuous mode. The data show that the growth rate increased with irradiance, following a hyperbolic relationship with the average irradiance (Eav). However, at irradiances higher than 450 µmol photons m−2 s−1, photo-inhibition was observed, with Fv/Fm values notably decreasing at irradiances above 1000 µmol photons m−2 s−1. To take account of this phenomenon, a growth model is proposed that considers the saturation constant modification (Ek) as a function of available irradiance. The data indicate that N. aff. pellucida is better adapted to low irradiances, below 300 µmol photons m−2 s−1. Regarding the biochemical composition, the highest content of lipids (~ 20%) and carbohydrates (~ 40%) was achieved at high irradiances (≥ 450 µmol photons m−2 s−1), while the highest protein content (> 8%) was found at low irradiances (≤ 200 µmol photons m−2 s−1). Elevated amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (> 60%) were measured at high irradiances, while the highest content of unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) (> 35%) was found at low irradiances. Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3) (EPA) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) (ARA) were only detected at 200 µmol m−2 s−1 but not at higher irradiances. The results confirm the effects of irradiance and the cultivation mode on the growth and biochemical composition of N. aff. pellucida. The model is an important tool when using this valuable strain to produce compounds of biological interest.

Potential interactions between antineoplastic agents and medicines used to treat Covid-19.

Cancer patients with Covid-19 are exposed to treatment combinations that can potentially result in interactions that adversely affect patient outcomes. This study aimed to identify potential drug-drug interactions between antineoplastic agents and medicines used to treat Covid-19. We conducted a search for potential interactions between 201 antineoplastic agents and 26 medicines used to treat Covid-19 on the Lexicomp® and Micromedex® databases. The following data were extracted: interaction severity ("major" and "contraindicated") and interaction effects (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic). We also sought to identify the therapeutic indication of the antineoplastic drugs involved in the potential drug-drug interactions. A total of 388 "major" or "contraindicated" drug-drug interactions were detected. Eight drugs or combinations (baricitinib, lopinavir/ritonavir, atazanavir, darunavir, azithromycin, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and sirolimus) accounted for 91.5% of these interactions. The class of antineoplastic agents with the greatest potential for interaction was tyrosine kinase inhibitors (accounting for 46.4% of all interactions). The findings show that atazanavir, baricitinib, and lopinavir/ritonavir can affect the treatment of all common types of cancer. The most common pharmacokinetic effect of the potential drug-drug interactions was increased plasma concentration of the antineoplastic medicine (39.4%). Covid-19 is a recent disease and pharmacological interventions are undergoing constant modification. This study identified a considerable number of potential drug-drug interactions. In view of the vulnerability of patients with cancer, it is vital that health professionals carefully assess the risks and benefits of drug combinations.

PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES FORMATION IN THE STUDY OF HIGHER AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS DISCIPLINE

The article considers modern pedagogical approaches and teaching methods that are based on the principles of motivation and are able to increase the interest of students in obtaining mathematical knowledge, skills and abilities. The purpose of the study is to analyse different approaches to the formation of professional competencies in the study of the discipline «Higher and Applied Mathematics». Timing of the study: 2018 - 2020. The results of the annual testing of first-year students of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics to determine their attitude to the discipline and satisfaction with the learning process were used as an information base. The analysis of the change in the level of mathematical training was carried out by comparing the results of the initial and final tests, which were conducted at the beginning and end of the academic year. Analytical data obtained from the results of the study involving students, suggest that the use of a combination of modern pedagogical approaches and methods significantly increases motivation and arouses interest in studying the discipline. The tendency to more thorough knowledge was observed for almost all categories of students, regardless of their level of preparation. Students, getting into new realities, begin to learn mathematical material consciously and develop the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in professional activities. Given that the learning process at the university requires constant modification of the content and methods of teaching, the importance of the teacher's personality as a factor in the development of student's personality is emphasized. Key words: applied orientation, professional competencies, higher mathematics, methods.

Contemporary Challenges in the Georgian Education System

The Georgian Education System is in the process of constant updating and modification. Critical thinking competences and usage of theoretical knowledge into practice are one of the major challenges of the modern education system. The most basic,regulatory document for general education, the national curriculum has undergone gradual changes. At the above stages what, when and how the educational process should be implemented in Georgian Public Schools has been analyzed. What challenges did the teaching-learning and educational field face? It is important to focus on the similarities and differences of the national curriculum of all three generations. At present, special attention is paid to the most recent, Structural Analysis of the Primary Education of the Third Generation 2018-2024 National Curriculum. It is also a novelty that daily subject planning has been replaced by thematic planning, each topic is processed throughout the level of primary education, the content of the learning is defined in relation to this particular topic and each stage is presented with a complexity of age-appropriate features. The theme in the new National Curriculum has functional context, which allows to provide integrated and interrelated teaching of the issues of standardized results, concepts or specific issues. ”The new school model” is an important part of the planned reform in the education system. Its purpose is to create a person-oriented educational environment, which will provide students with the knowledge and skills needed for 21st century reality.

WYBRANE PROBLEMY DOSKONALENIA SYSTEMU OCHRONY NAJWAŻNIEJSZYCH OSÓB W PAŃSTWIE

The article focuses on the system of protection for the State’s very important officials and objects in Poland. As in every country, there are specialized units designated for protective tasks of such people and objects. At the time of the revival of the Polish State after 123 years of outside dependence, the most essential national institutions were created, as it became indispensable to establish cells and services competent to protect its officials and objects in the State. The protection system is subject to constant evolution and successive modification. The protection model should evolve, and be adapt to new potential threats. This includes the process of transformation because of the use of modern tools and technologies. People in high positions and State officials may be at high risk of attacks on their life and health. Such persons require effective protection at an appropriate level, taking into account the available potential and its effective use. In order to guarantee effective protection of VIPs, it is necessary to properly organize this service, what is determined by State’s institutional structures, tools and appropriate management techniques.

Geospatial Analysis of the Dynamics of Climate in Kolkata Metropolitan Area

The Kolkata Metropolitan Area region comprises urban towns that have witnessed major changes and have been exposed to urban agglomerations, population outbursts, and have faced difficulties in regional management. The growing cities comprising these areas thus faced various kinds of natural changes. One of the major significant changes included the change in climaticconditions. Climateis the weather experienced by any region for a long period, particularly extending to 30-35 years. Therefore, the climate is a long-term study of any region where any slight change shows a significant impact on the lives and balance of the region’s habitats. This paper tries to deal with the analysis of climate change in the KMA region. Metropolitan cities in India are currently considered prime concerns due to various climatic distortion and global warming effects. Thus, the paper tries to show the factors and effects of climate change. The study period has been taken for 35 years in the paper. The analysis is carried out using various GIS techniques using the ArcMap 10.1.1 software and statistical techniques to generate graphs. From 1989 to 2006 ranged high as the population showed a rising trend in Kolkata, Howrah, and Kalyani.However, this trend changed for some time during 2014 and 2015 as various plantation activities, programs, and projects were taken up by the government to safeguard climate change’s harmful effect. It shows a rise in the temperature and fall in the rainfall quantities from 2015 to 2019. It also shows the disturbed rainfall pattern as a characteristic feature in the KMA cities as sudden droughts or urban flooding rise as a common phenomenon. The area is highly exposed to constant modifications. The paper concludes in a nutshell how the changes have affected the region and are still having asignificant impact on influencing lives and living.

Стратегия обращения с отходами целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности, содержащими лигносульфонаты

The pulp and paper industry’s multi-tonnage liquid waste is spent cooking liquor containing lignosulfonates, which disposal and processing remains one of the most complex environmental and technological problems, which should be solved. Lignosulfonates have unique colloidal-chemical properties, which determines their high resource potential. However, lignosulfonates’ composition instability often does not provide the properties and indicators set by the consumer. Changing market conditions require constant waste monitoring and modification, that prevents the widespread lignosulfonates use in industrial practice. In this paper, the causes for the formation of lignin-containing waste and its impact on the environment are considered. A strategy for lignosulfonates utilization has been developed, as well as promising methods for these wastes processing and disposal, which will expand the use of lignosulfonates and reduce the pulp and paper industry negative impact on the environment.

Singlet Fission in Dideuterated Tetracene and Pentacene

AbstractThe impact of molecular vibrations on singlet fission, which is the spontaneous fission of a singlet exciton into two triplet excitons, is studied using ultrafast optical spectroscopy for the prototypical singlet fission chromophores tetracene and pentacene. We modify the frequency of intramolecular vibrations by deuteration, without impacting thin film structure and molecular arrangement, and study the resulting changes in exo‐ and endothermic singlet fission rates by comparing the deuterated and parent chromophores. We find that changes in the frequency of the C−C deformation modes of Δω=6 cm−1 and the occurrence of C−D vibrational modes do not lead to significant modifications in the singlet fission time constants. We conclude that the changes in the frequency of phonon modes induced by deuteration are too small to significantly impact the electron–phonon coupling that drives the singlet fission process.

Waste Identification in the Operation of Structural Engineering Companies (SEC) According to Lean Management

Although the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry is highly relevant to national development, it suffers from significant productivity challenges. Beneath the design and documentation of structures, a dynamic, complex process is taking place, with constant modifications and feedback involving numerous professionals from different fields and their respective approaches and work developed using various computer programs. This diversity of factors converges within an iterative trial-and-error process and does not stop until a refined model is achieved. To understand traditional structural engineering companies (SECs) in Chile involved in building private procurement projects, 25 non-value-adding SEC activities were identified and classified according to typical lean management waste categories. These were initially validated by a panel of experts and then confirmed through a survey of 37 companies. The identified activities reduce the productivity of SEC organizations, contributing to low AEC industry indicators.

A single-cell view of the transcriptome during lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Root architecture is a major determinant of plant fitness and is under constant modification in response to favorable and unfavorable environmental stimuli. Beyond impacts on the primary root, the environment can alter the position, spacing, density, and length of secondary or lateral roots. Lateral root development is among the best-studied examples of plant organogenesis, yet there are still many unanswered questions about its earliest steps. Among the challenges faced in capturing these first molecular events is the fact that this process occurs in a small number of cells with unpredictable timing. Single-cell sequencing methods afford the opportunity to isolate the specific transcriptional changes occurring in cells undergoing this fate transition. Using this approach, we successfully captured the transcriptomes of initiating lateral root primordia in Arabidopsis thaliana and discovered many upregulated genes associated with this process. We developed a method to selectively repress target gene transcription in the xylem pole pericycle cells where lateral roots originate and demonstrated that the expression of several of these targets is required for normal root development. We also discovered subpopulations of cells in the pericycle and endodermal cell files that respond to lateral root initiation, highlighting the coordination across cell files required for this fate transition.

Effect of sequential earthquakes on evaluation of non-linear response of 3D RC MRFs

Most of the existing seismic codes for RC buildings consider only a scenario earthquake for analysis, often characterized by the response spectrum at the specified location. However, any real earthquake event often involves occurrences of multiple earthquakes within a few hours or days, possessing similar or even higher energy than the first earthquake. This critically impairs the rehabilitation measures thereby resulting in the accumulation of structural damages for subsequent earthquakes after the first earthquake. Also, the existing seismic provisions account for the non-linear response of an RC building frame implicitly by specifying a constant response modification factor (R) in a linear elastic design. However, the 'R' specified does not address the changes in structural configurations of RC moment-resisting frames (RC MRFs) viz., building height, number of bays present, bay width, irregularities arising out of mass and stiffness changes, etc. resulting in changed dynamic characteristics of the structural system. Hence, there is an imperative need to assess the seismic performance under sequential earthquake ground motions, considering the adequacy of code-specified 'R' in the representation of dynamic characteristics of RC buildings. Therefore, the present research is focused on the evaluation of the non-linear response of medium-rise 3D RC MRFs with and without vertical irregularities under bi-directional sequential earthquake ground motions using non-linear dynamic analysis. It is evident from the results that collapse probability increases, and 'R' reduces significantly for various RC MRFs subjected to sequential earthquakes, pronouncing the vulnerability and inadequacy of estimation of design base shear by code-specified 'R' under sequential earthquakes.

Optimizing a social media marketing strategy as a means to maximize the effectiveness criteria of the company's advertising process

Subject. For any company, building a strong social media presence is mandatory due to the increasing competition in the modern world. It is possible to win the main target audience and optimize the company's marketing and PR activities through a social media marketing (SMM) strategy. Objectives. I focus on performing a comprehensive study of the problem of SMM strategy optimization as a means to maximize enterprises’ performance criteria, developing qualitatively new recommendations to streamline the company's SMM strategy, which will help improve economic performance and image. Methods. The study draws on the logical analysis, induction and deduction, comparison and generalization. Results. As part of the comprehensive study, the paper presents the concept and the process of developing the SMM strategy. It identifies the place of SMM strategy in the overall strategy, the main steps and errors in its creation. It also includes an improved algorithm for staged development of SMM strategy in recommendations for streamlining the process. Conclusions. Continuity and constant modification are fundamental characteristics of any social media marketing strategy.

Reconstruction of depth resolved strain tensor in off-axis single crystals: Application to H+ ions implanted LiTaO3

In the context of growing interest in strain engineering, we present a theoretical protocol for the reconstruction of extrinsic and intrinsic strain tensors in single-crystals attached to a template, with an arbitrary oriented coordinate system. Input data for the protocol are extrinsic deformations of lattice planes, i.e., measured with reference to a template. By combining the protocol with elasticity theory, material property modification can be elucidated. Different methods for strain measurements can take advantage of this approach. It has been applied for reconstruction of strain tensor depth distribution in off-axis LiTaO3 crystals implanted with H+ ions, which is the key step for piezoelectric thin film-on-insulator fabrication by the Smart Cut process. Modifications of composition, lattice parameters, and elastic constants are indicated and discussed.

ЯЗЫКОВАЯ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ КОНФЕССИОНАЛЬНО-КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ КАК МЕХАНИЗМ СОХРАНЕНИЯ ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ И ДУХОВНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ

The features of linguistic conceptualization and representation of traditional confessional and cultural values in the linguocultural space of various societies are analyzed from ethnocultural, cognitive, socio-mental and linguo-confessional positions; identifies and characterizes constant and newest transformations and modifications of the denotative-semantic content of the most important concepts in the Russian and European mentality in the modern conditions of globalization. The theoretical significance lies in the presentation of a sharp socio-cultural "gap" in the definition of some confessional-conditioned phenomena in the Russian and Western cultural-historical traditions; in the representation of the mental and semantic transformation of some confessional value concepts in the Western linguocultural space while preserving, at the same time, the inviolability of the most important categorical and semantic features of the nominations of traditional axiological dominants in Russian culture as the foundations of the life of Russian society and Russian statehood as a whole. It is concluded that the linguistic representation of confessional-conditioned cultural values and their consolidation in the confessional memory of generations is a special mechanism for preserving the ethnocultural and spiritual identity of the people. It is shown that the so-called. “Cultural” globalization as an extralinguistic factor is currently in Western societies a process of gradual destruction of national, traditional and confessional values, which results in a significant change in semantics, denotative image and semantic code in the interpretation of some linguistic phenomena that represent the national axiological fund. The practical value of the presented material and observations lies in the possibility of its application in the practice of teaching university courses in language theory, ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics, cultural linguistics, linguoconfessionology and intercultural communication.

КОЛОРИСТИЧЕСКИЕ НЕОЛОГИЗМЫ В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

The article examines the use of coloristic neologisms borrowed from French and English in the Russian language. The history of the emergence of coloronyms in Russian linguistics is studied, as well as their lexical meaning and semantic features. The continuous development of various areas of human life contributes to the emergence of new words, including neologisms. One of the most striking examples of the emergence of new lexical units in the Russian language is the process of borrowing. Among a number of borrowings, there are coloristic neologisms, there is an increased interest in the study of these lexemes. The rapid development of the modern world, cultural ties, socio-political relations with foreign states lead to a constant modification of the lexical composition of the modern Russian language.

Around some Jewish Architectural Features

Central and Eastern Europe were always on the edge of cultural, historical, and political transformations. The constant modifications reshape the architecture and urban realm of cities and urban fabric. Structural and socio-political boundaries are affecting cultural minorities. In most cases, the effect is so critical that the cultural heritage of the minority in terms of archi-tecture and built environment is degrading. The memory, as a collective force to the reality of the city, always follows these modifications. The built environment in these complex areas rather of showing the truth (coexistence of physical realm and built form) is mutating and presenting the fragmentation of its different parts. The phenomenon of Jewish reality and settling stiles in Central and Eastern European cities, its transformations, assimilations and segregations became an operational tool for the research, to build a wider understanding of the problematic aspects. The characteristic generalisation was done in terms of the architectural settings. However, all the cases are specific and need a deep understanding of each one’s problems deeply. In Central Europe, the problem occurs in terms of segregation and closure, while in Eastern Europe, the cases of separation were presented along with condition that leads to structural integration. The Prague Ghetto in the old town, the Jewish settlements of Warsaw city and the shtetl in Eastern Europe state the criticality of the problem of memory in a wider range, from physical build one to the intangible. In Prague, due to the constant pressure of segregation and final demolition of Ghetto, the fragmented pieces of the Jewish culture in terms of a building fabric were left. The space was gone but the memory still alive. Jewish culture’s integration into Warsaw’s build form through years and final demolition of the city during the Second World War left singular architectural pieces of their complex reality in the city, as a fragmented island of memory. In contrast, Shtetl presents a case of physical form while the spirit of the place is absent. Memory as an operational tool ensures the collectiveness, as it depicts the contrast of elements within its architecture and urban form. The coexistence of different part of the city with their specific architectural character and memory ensures the fact of its completeness as a whole.