Constant Contacts Research Articles

Identification of potential CDK 8 inhibitor from pyrimidine derivatives via In-Silico approach

Pyrimidinesare six-membered heterocyclic scaffold present naturally in nucleic acid components and are promising leads for the synthesis of medicinally important compounds. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) with a serine/threonine catalytic core are important druggable targets for cancer therapy and the binding of regulatory subunits controls them. In the present study series of virtually designed pyrimidine derivatives were screened using molecular docking techniques against the cyclin-dependent kinase-8 (CDK8) as a targeted protein. The density functional theory calculation of compounds having good binding affinity was done to estimate the orbital energy. The molecular dynamics simulation of the best-docked compound with the CDK8 was simulated to estimate the effect of mobility on the interactions.Themolecular docking provided insights regarding the binding ability of the designed compounds with the targeted CSK8 structure. As a result, the docked compounds exerted good interactions with the CDK8, and the compound PB129 showed the highest negative binding affinity of -12.4 kcal/mol with the formation of two hydrogen bonds. The results of the simulation study indicated that the complex of CDK-8 and PB129 hasa tight binding with constant hydrogen contacts. Moreover, the density functional theory indicated that PB129 has strong orbital energy and this compound will show tight interactions by either donating or accepting the electron with protein structure. Studied compounds showed good results for the docking study by exerting tight binding with the CDK-8 (PDB 6T41). Compound PB129 showed stable confirmation over the simulation run and has good orbital energies. Compound PB129 may act as a lead against the CDK8.

IL CONTATTO LINGUISTICO SLAVO-ROMANZO ATTRAVERSO IL LESSICO CULINARIO ISTRIANO

The article presents the Slavic-Romanesque linguistic contact on the example of selected Istrian terms in the field of culinary used by speakers of the Slovene-Istrian dialect. The centuries-long contact of the Romance and Slavic language traditions in Istria has resulted in numerous interferences that enrich Istrian dialect speeches and languages, among which the culinary field, influenced by many nations, especially the presence of the Venetian Republic and the constant contacts of country people from Istrian villages with the city's Istrian-Venetian speaking population. In Istria, two different cultural, social and economic circles were formed – in the cities, based on the monopolistic influence of Venice and its policy, the Italian language prevailed, and in the patriarchal peasant environment, the Slavic population - closed and isolated - preserved its language and traditions. In addition to the aforementioned Istrian-Slovenian and Istrian-Venetian dialect, which is still preserved by rare autochthonous Romance natives and immigrants from other Croatian Istrian coastal towns, today's inhabitants of Slovenian Istria also speak literary or standard Slovenian and Italian and several languages - e.g., Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian, Macedonian, Albanian, etc. - or their dialect variants, which have been brought here by many immigrants since the middle of the last century. New languages and cultures are constantly influencing colloquial Slovenian and Italian, but so far, they have not changed the dialect of this part of Istria, where at least since the 7ᵗʰ century only the dialect of Romance origin in towns and the dialect of Slavic origin in the countryside on the other side have kept the authenticity.

Review of the Materials from the Expedition to the Aromanians of North Macedonia

The review highlights the general results of the field ethnolinguistic expedition in the city of Krushevo and in the villages of the Bitola district (North Macedonia) in 2022. The purpose of the expedition was a survey of the Aromanians living close to the Slavic Macedonian population in this area. The constant intensive contacts and interaction of the Slavic and the non-Slavic population contributed to linguistic and cultural interference and borrowing in the traditions under consideration. The field research was directed to the collection of the material on funeral and memorial rituals, mythological ideas and terminology serving this «mortal» sphere. In the course of the survey, a wide vocabulary layer of borrowings was revealed both in the language and folk culture.

Funeral and Memorial Tradition in Neighbour Slavic and Aroumanian Villages of Macedonia

The Romanian population of the Balkans is distributed unevenly throughout the peninsula. In particular, in Macedonia, the Aromanians mainly live dispersedly within the Slavic settlements, however some city areas and even separate settlements might be considered Aromanian enclaves. In June 2022, a ten-day ethnolinguistic expedition took place in the city of Kruševo and in the villages nearby Bitola (North Macedonia). The purpose of this field survey was to study the Aromanians living close to the Macedonian population in this area. Despite the preservation of the historical memory and their own distinct identity from those around them, the native speakers of the Aromanian very infrequently use their own idiom. In everyday communication and even in the family, the Aromanians give preference to the commonly used Macedonian language. Constant intensive contacts of the Slavic and non-Slavic populations contributed to the linguistic and cultural interference in the traditions under discussion. This article aims to acquaint the reader with the folk tradition on the example of the commemorative practices common in the Balkan region under consideration. The funeral and memorial rite was chosen as the main topic, since it is in its structure that one can find the most archaic elements of traditional folk culture, reflecting ancient mythological ideas. There are also contemporary dialect texts in the Macedonian language, recorded from often bilingual native speakers. Detailed ethnolinguistic descriptions of the funeral and memorial rites give an idea of the archaic elements of the traditional folk culture, borrowed and developed in contacts. The fragments of the Eastern Romanian tradition are reflected in the rituals borrowed and adopted by the Slavs, and vice versa ― the terminological vocabulary was borrowed into Aromanian idiom.

СОЦІАЛЬНЕ ВІДТОРГНЕННЯ ПЕНСІОНЕРІВ: ДОВОЄННИЙ СТАН ТА ЗМІНИ ВНАСЛІДОК ВІЙНИ

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of measurement and prevalence of social exclusion among pensioners in the pre-war period and the changes that took place under the influence of the war. The assessment of the level of social exclusion was carried out according to its four key types: economic, political, cultural and actually social. For each type, a corresponding list of indicators and sources of information is defined. The level of prevalence of signs of social exclusion among different types of pensioner households was analyzed. It was established that in the pre-war period, single pensioners suffered the most from various manifestations of economic exclusion. This applies to both food and the purchase of clothes, shoes, non-food items of basic necessity. It is shown that the level of material exclusion of pensioners, determined according to the European methodology, significantly exceeds the indicator for able-bodied persons. Before the full-scale invasion of Russia, every second pensioner suffered from three or more signs of exclusion, defined according to the European methodology, and every third suffered from four or more, that is, from deep material deprivation. Based on the forecast of the Institute of Demography and Social Research named after M.V. Ptukha of the National Academy of Sciences, it has been proven that the vast majority of elderly people will fall into the category of poor and excluded for economic reasons. It is shown that with the beginning of a full-scale invasion of Russia, damage and destruction of residential buildings, the problems of exclusion due to living conditions move to another level. For families whose homes were partially or completely destroyed, the problem is the availability of housing in general, and only then - about equipping it with certain amenities. Retired households have been proven to suffer the most from health care exclusion. With age, the need for medical services objectively increases, and the opportunities for obtaining them narrow. The scale of actual social exclusion due to the impossibility of receiving certain social services, feelings of insecurity and discomfort, problematic social environment, impossibility to maintain constant contacts, to communicate with friends, relatives, and family members was assessed. The level of cultural exclusion in the pre-war period and during the war is analyzed. The changes that will take place in the perception of social exclusion among pensioners living in the territories where there were no active hostilities, in the front-line and front-line territories, in the occupation, are determined.

Cognitive Precision and Expressiveness in Stock Market Communication: A Contrastive Perspective

Nowadays, economic issues make up a significant part of everyday communication. Daily business news on television and in digital sources, constant contacts with financial institutions – to name a few – only emphasize the omnipresence of the economy in our lives and at the same time confirm that we are inescapably involved in economic processes. The subject matter of the paper is a specific area of business communication, namely stock market communication. Drawing on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) by Lakoff and Johnson (2003) and the model of schematicity hierarchies of metaphorical concepts by Kövecses (2019), as well as Littlemore’s (2015) and Brdar’s (2019) findings on the functions and regularity of metonymic patterns, we aim to investigate the nature and functions of metonymies and metaphors found to be reflected in stock market communication. Another objective is to present precision and expressiveness in stock market communication achieved through the use of figurative (metaphorical and metonymic) means. In particular, we conducted a qualitative analysis of selected metonymic and metaphorical expressions in three different languages (English, German and Polish) extracted from stock market reports and commentaries. The choice of the contrastive perspective results from Weinrich’s (1976) assumption that languages belonging to the western cultural community should share patterns of conceptualizations. The findings of the analysis conducted seem to show that image schemata and domain levels overlap to a great extent in the three languages under analysis, and cultural variation and differences – if present – occur at the more specific level of frames and/or mental spaces.

FEATURES OF PERCEPTION OF APPLICANTS TO HIGHER EDUCATION DISTANCE LEARNING

The use of distance learning in the modern educational space of Zoom, Google Meet and other applications, as the main training format, has revealed a fairly large number of urgent challenges in terms of its effective use. The article outlines the difficulties of teaching online, which are noted by domestic and foreign researchers. It is noted that it is the subjective perception of distance learning by subjects of the educational process, in particular by applicants for higher education, that significantly affects the efficiency of knowledge assimilation. The attitude to distance learning of students of various professional fields has been investigated. The factors of positive and negative attitudes towards online learning are characterized. A statistically significant difference was revealed, and a comparative analysis and interpretation of differences between the indicators of satisfaction-dissatisfaction with distance education was carried out. It has been proven that the differences significantly depend on the professional orientation of the respondents. Taking into account the specifics of educational components will significantly affect the attitude of students to distance learning. In order to clarify the subjective attitude to online learning, to reduce the influence of the social environment, suggestion and attitudes, the respondents were offered, in addition to the authors’ questionnaire, the “Diary of emotions” questionnaire, which is used as a projective technique for studying the emotional state. It was revealed that the majority of applicants are dominated by a positive emotional state, but at the same time, the largest number of negative emotions from the list of negative emotions concerns precisely distance learning. Positive emotions are caused, as a rule, by situations of interpersonal communication with peers and this is an important factor that negatively affects the perception of learning, limiting direct, constant contacts with society. Among the prospects for further research, the importance of further studying the relationship of personal factors, in particular motivation and attitudes towards distance education, was noted.

(Invited) Conducting Polymers As Dual Charge Conductors for Electrochemical Systems

Electrically conductive polymers are a class of polymers, which can conduct electricity. Conductive polymers have found niche applications such as anti-statics. The electrochemical energy storage devices, especially lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, has grown significantly in the past two decades. Recently multifunctional conductive polymers have been designed as dual ion and electron transport materials, and synthesized through a thermal process. These class of dual charge conducting polymers play a significant role as electrode binders for Silicon (Si) and Tin (Sn) alloy based anode electrode. Si is an attractive candidate for lithium-ion batteries because it delivers 10 times greater theoretical (∼4200 mAh/g) specific capacity than that of a traditional graphite anode (∼370 mAh/g). However, the widespread application of silicon materials has remained a significant challenge because of the large volume change during lithium insertion and extraction processes, disrupting both the Si electrode surface and electrode mechanical integrity. This large volume change causes electrode failure, leading to loss of the electrical contact and drastic capacity fading. Nanosizing the Si and Sn based anode materials provides better performance, but poses significant challenges to manufacturing of the electrode, including particle aggregation, and difficulties in maintaining constant electrical contacts to the nanoparticles, and excessive surface area. Conductive polymer binders can play multiple functions for Si electrode, including improved adhesion and connectivity, lithium ion compensation, better ion and electric conductivity as well as surface and interface modification. Organic and polymer chemistry has provided almost infinity possibilities to modify the polymeric binders to include the desired functionalities. This presentation will discuss the specific molecular design principles and synthetic steps to realize the structures and functionalities of the binders, how these binders interact with different alloy materials, and the electrochemical performances of the electrodes based on these binders.

HUNGARIANS IN VOJVODINA: IDENTITY IN THE FOCUS OF DEMOGRAPHY, POLITICS AND CULTURE

The object of the author's study is Hungarians in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina of the Republic of Serbia at the present stage of history. The aim of the article is to identify the qualitative parameters of the maintenance and development of the identity of this ethnic group in the conditions of living outside the "parent" state. The study focuses on several thematic blocks as important indicators of the functioning of ethnicity in this sector of the population. It provides a demographic portrait of Vojvodina Hungarians, highlights legislative guarantees of ethnic minority rights and other forms of state support in the country of residence, and provides information on the social and political activity, as well as cultural, educational and awareness-raising activities of Hungarians in Serbia, primarily in Vojvodina. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of the autonomous structure of the province. The socio-anthropological analytical approach to the analysis of empirical material allows one to reach the level of theoretical generalization, to identify the role of state borders as a factor of influence not only on the civil identity, but also on the formation of cultural and everyday features of diaspora groups as a result of constant contacts with ethnically foreign neighbors. The author provides evidence of the high level of development of Serbia's legal framework in terms of maintaining cultural diversity in the country, creating a wide range of social and domestic conditions necessary to maintain and develop ethnic identity among national minorities, including Hungarians. At the same time, the data from the censuses of various years in Serbia show a gradual decrease in the number of Hungarians in recent decades. The negative trend is explained by their low fertility, as well as by the migratory mobility of the inhabitants of Vojvodina, for economic and other reasons, which are often not directly related to identity issues. Moreover, Hungarian identity becomes an additional resource in the choice of the most promising life strategies of the younger generation.

Organizational and economic mechanism of forming rural creative centers: logic of transformation and constraints

Currently, most rural areas of our country are actively stagnating. High poverty, low educational level of the population, low wages or no employment opportunities, underdeveloped infrastructure, active migration to cities — all this leads to the mass depopulation of rural areas and their shrinkage in the spatial and economic context. In this regard, it is necessary to form new approaches to the spatial development of rural areas, based on the development of alternative activities in the formation of creative centers in order to spread innovation and improve the real quality of life of the local population. The purpose of the present research is the formation and substantiation of the organizational-economic mechanism of the development of the creative centers in the rural territories. General scientific methods of research were applied.The organizational-economic mechanism of creative centers formation should provide effective infrastructural by displacing the entrenched forms of management. The attraction of creative workers to rural areas will act as an indicator of efficiency. The proposed multilevel management system of the process of formation of creative centers in rural areas is supplemented by an additional level — reflexive, in addition to the standard levels of management (strategic, tactical and operational). This level implies constant contacts between various stakeholders in real time with the possibility of adjusting the current processes. In our opinion, the only true solution to the problem of depopulation of rural areas should be to launch the process of qualitative transformation of rural areas taking into account the opinions of all stakeholders. The proposed methodological framework in the form of an organizational-economic mechanism can serve as a basis for future changes in the decision-making process of those responsible for rural development. The development of creative centers in rural areas can become a potential pole of growth of the latter and contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the local population at the expense of economic diversification.

Glazed Ceramics from Qaraqorum: Archaeological Evidence on Routes to the Old-Mongolian Capital

The Old-Mongolian capital Qaraqorum is described in historical sources as a vivid, international, and multicultural city with constant exchange and contacts across cultures. This is particularly so in a description that the Franciscan friar William of Rubruck made while visiting Qaraqorum in the year 1254. Rubruck noted that Muslim traders, Chinese craftsmen, Buddhists, Nestorian Christians as well as several European captives all lived and worked in Qaraqorum. Despite this, the city is seldom included on maps depicting Eurasian and Inner Asian travel and trade networks of the 13th–14th century. Such networks have left archaeological traces at various city sites, through the presence of imported ceramics, food, and other goods. This article will focus on the glazed ceramics excavated in Qaraqorum. The author classified the material and determined the production sites of the different wares. A chorological study based on this data expands our knowledge of connections to Qaraqorum in the medieval Asian trade network. The results are presented in this article. As every aspect of archaeological research reflects parts of the overall picture only, this study is meant to enable further research on the subject. This article is dedicated to the symposium “800 years Qaraqorum” and thus included in a broader research framework on the fascinating Old Mongolian capital.

The Organization of Embassy Service in the Russian Lands in the Thirteenth through Sixteenth Centuries

The features in the development of embassy service in the Russian lands of the thirteenth through sixteenth centuries are analyzed. In particular, the circle of people such as the baksheis, begouls, kilicheis, tolmaches, and grand-prince service Tatars (Horde, delyuis, chislyaks) involved at various times in the organization and maintenance of contacts with the Golden Horde and the states that became its heirs is considered. It is concluded that many well-known components of diplomatic service have risen from the need to maintain constant contacts between the Russian principalities and the Horde khans. The terminology denoting the circle of persons involved in this service is borrowed from the official practice of the Horde. However, on Russian soil, their duties underwent evolution over time. The appearance of yams was also considered as a necessary element to ensure uninterrupted contacts between the khan and the Russian princes. Originally created to serve ambassadors and to transport tribute to the Horde, this institution has been modified with time. Observations of the distribution geography of yams in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries make it possible to determine the earliest embassy roads to the Horde.

(Invited) The Application of Conducting Polymers for Nanomaterials Based Alloy Anodes in Battery Manufacturing

Electrically conductive polymers are a class of polymers, which can conduct electricity. Conductive polymers have found niche applications such as anti-statics. The electrochemical energy storage devices, especially lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, has grown significantly in the past two decades. Multifunctional conductive polymers may play a significant role as electrode binders for Silicon (Si) and Tin (Sn) alloy based anode electrode. Si is an attractive candidate for lithium-ion batteries because it delivers 10 times greater theoretical (∼4200 mAh/g) specific capacity than that of a traditional graphite anode (∼370 mAh/g). However, the widespread application of silicon materials has remained a significant challenge because of the large volume change during lithium insertion and extraction processes, disrupting both the Si electrode surface and electrode mechanical integrity. This large volume change causes electrode failure, leading to loss of the electrical contact and drastic capacity fading. Nanosizing the Si and Sn based anode materials provides better performance, but poses significant challenges to manufacturing of the electrode, including particle aggregation, and difficulties in maintaining constant electrical contacts to the nanoparticles, and excessive surface area. Conductive polymer binders can play multiple functions for Si electrode, including improved adhesion and connectivity, lithium ion compensation, better ion and electric conductivity as well as surface and interface modification. Organic and polymer chemistry has provided almost infinity possibilities to modify the polymeric binders to include the desired functionalities. This presentation will discuss the specific molecular design principles and synthetic steps to realize the structures and functionalities of the binders, how these binders interact with different nano Si materials, and the electrochemical performances of the electrodes based on these binders.

ШВЕДСЬКА СПІЛЬНОТА У НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ НАРАТИВІ: СПІЛЬНА СПАДЩИНА ТА КУЛЬТУРНА ПАМ’ЯТЬ

The article is devoted to the problem of actualizing the role of historical heritage and cultural memory of the Swedish community of Kherson region in the national narrative of Ukraine. The study is based on the analysis of modern Swedish English and Ukrainian historiography, application of interdisciplinary discourse and methodological approaches to colonial studies, micro-history, cultural memory and identity studies. It aimed to clarify the factors determining sociocultural processes of adaptation and preservation of Swedish colonists’ identity during the long period of their settlement in the south of Ukraine and later reintegration into Swedish society. As a result of scientific analysis, the cornerstones of the historical past of the Swedish colonists are reproduced. The cultural heritage and identity of the Swedes after migrating to the Russian Empire underwent significant changes and evolution in a specific natural and social environment. Changes in political regimes and historical events in the late XVIII–XX centuries. had a direct impact on the processes of self-identification of Swedish colonists. At the same time, the ability of Old Swedes to maintain contact with their homeland helped to preserve their identity, cultural and mental characteristics, which enabled them to return to their homeland and reintegrate into Swedish society. The article presents forms of preservation and presentation of the cultural memory of the Swedish community in modern public discourse. One of the important channels of modern cultural communication and popularization of the historical heritage of the Swedish community is its presentation in museum expositions and places of remembrance in Ukraine and Sweden. The European dimension gives special relevance to the research topic. The image of the village and the preservation of the identity of the Swedish community have been significantly influenced by its constant contacts with Sweden and the Swedes of Finland in the past and present. Visit of the King of Sweden Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Sylvia of village Zmiivka in Ukraine in 2008 and the meeting with the descendants of the Old Swedes became the object of great attention of the wide public discourse in Ukraine and Sweden. It contributes to the strengthening and development of intercultural contacts and relations. My visit Roma in Gotland, Sweden in the framework of the European educational program in autumn of 2021, personal acquaintance with the museum exposition of Svenskbygården about the fate of Swedish colonists in Ukraine, direct communication with their descendants, contributed to the the research. Therefore, the article has a direct entry into the plane of public history.

THE FORMATION OF UKRAINIAN CREATIVE GROUPS IN STRYI AND THE STRYI REGION IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY: ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL DIMENSION

The article discusses the evolution of public concerts in Galicia during the 19th century, which were primarily of two types: commemorative events and entertainment concerts. Concert programs were diverse, featuring vocal and inStrumental performances, as well as recitations of poems and popular science lectures. An important mileStone in the development of concert life in WeStern Ukraine were the evenings dedicated to the memory of T. G. Shevchenko. These events Stimulated various forms of artiStic performance and their significance for the development of musical culture in WeStern Ukraine is immense. By the end of the 19th century, choirs began to be organized en masse in the towns and villages of Galicia, leading to the widespread popularity of secular choral performance and the need for a coordinating centre. The Lviv Boyan, a music and singing society, founded on February 22, 1891 in Lviv and its branches in other cities, served this purpose. All this created broad opportunities for the active development of the concert life throughout Galicia. In the formation of the musical culture of Stryi region in the 1920s and 1930s, choral performance played a special role, being a favourite sphere of artistic communication and organically combining the traditions of peasant song life, cult music, and concert choral practice. With the opening of branches of Prosvita and reading rooms at them, choral groups were formed in the villages. Summing up the above, we would like to emphasise once again that in the 20s and 30s of the twentieth century, musical art in Stryi and the region developed in two spheres: amateur and professional. It was significant that these areas complemented each other: amateur groups and performers sought to improve their performing skills, while professionals were always open to dialogue with listeners and assistance to amateur musicians. ConStant contacts with the capital of Galicia, Lviv, injected new forces for innovation and forward movement, and performances on the provincial Stage by world-famous Ukrainian performers Solomiia Krushelnytska, Oleksandr Myshuha, and ModeSt Mentsynskyi teStified to the higheSt artiStic Standards.

EAST TRYPILLIA AND WEST TRYPILLIA CULTURES: MYTH OR REALITY?

Problems of culturogenesis and structure of the cultural complex of Trypillia-Сucuteni become relevant in the last decades of the XXth century. The emergence of new sources and methods encourages researchers to understand the phenomenon of Trypillia-Сucuteni on a new level. There is a noticeable tendency to single out individual archaeological cultures instead of structural subdivisions of the cultural community at the turn of the XX—XXIth centuries. The binary scheme of the division of the Trypillia culture into the «East Trypillia» and «West Trypillia» cultures became popular in the national Trypillia studies. However, such an «innovation» is not sufficiently substantiated both at the level of methodological principles and analysis of specific materials. Elucidation of the real structure of the cultural complex of Trypillia-Сucuteni shows its versatility and proves the artificiality of its division into two archaeological cultures, which is proposed by O. V. Tsvek and S. M. Ryzhov.
 The division of the Trypillia-Сucuteni cultural complex into separate archeological cultures (two or more) is impossible until its final stage CII, because almost all its structural units are selected on the basis of ceramic traditions, and the other parameters (character of house-building, tools producing, sacred tradition) are more or less the same. All structural units combine a genetic link with the Precucuteni-Trypillya A times, which demonstrates all the features of the Trypillia-Сucuteni cultural complex as a whole, with the exception of ceramic traditions. These traditions are the most dynamic, act as an indicator of the cultural identity of certain groups of the population and reflect the structure of the cultural complex.
 The structure of the cultural complex Trypillia-Сucuteni is a spatio-temporal continuum, its complexity is due to dynamic and multifaceted processes of internal transformations of individual units of the structure, the interaction of traditions and innovations, constant contacts between them, the movement of specific groups, their interaction with surrounding cultural complexes. The binary concept of the «East Trypillia» and the «West Trypillia» cultures, which became too popular today, is an artificial construction and does not reflect the real structure of Trypillia Culture.

프랑스] 타자와의 대화, 차이의 생산: 2019~2020년 프랑스사 연구

COVID-19 suggests some trends currently under way in historical studies, given that it potentially embodies unprecedent global proliferation and infinite variability in human history. First, it clearly shows that a society or community can never be a closed system. In other words, historical research also reminds us that history of one society or community has always been made through constant exchanges and contacts with other communities or others. Secondly, the possibility of endless virus mutations shows that all beings, including humans, are in the process of constant change. These are major characteristics of the trends in French history research conducted in Korea from 2019 to 2020. First of all, the scope of historical research is extended from France to outside Europe, providing an opportunity to see France differently or anew. Next, a large number of new topics that have not been noticed have entered the academic discussion stage. In addition, of course, many research achievements are faithful to the existing large historical context, while thickening research achievements in various directions. This paper aims to look at these research trends in three categories: dialogue with others beyond France, discovery of new topics outside the existing framework, and deepening and spreading major topics that are the mainstay of the existing framework. However, the imbalance in research topics and the decline in future academic generations in French history have been a source of anxiety in the long term.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ SCORM-ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПРИ ОБУЧЕНИИ ПРОДУКТИВНЫМ ВИДАМ РЕЧЕВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА В НЕЯЗЫКОВОМ ВУЗЕ

The article deals with the methodological aspects of teaching productive types of speech activity in the process of learning a foreign language in a non-linguistic university at the present stage of science and society development. Attention is drawn to the difficulties in teaching a foreign language associated with the implementation of the universal competence that a graduate who has mastered a bachelor's degree program must have — the ability to carry out business communication in oral and written forms in the state language of the Russian Federation and a foreign language. In its turn, business communication is carried out to solve a number of problems of interpersonal and intercultural interaction. At the same time, the difficulties lie in the fact that interpersonal and intercultural interaction implies the development of communication skills with native speakers, and university students most often do not have constant contacts with them, and such interaction implies the need to master the rules of speech behavior in certain communicative situations, but students are faced with the lack of visual behavioral scenarios. It is proposed to solve these problems by organizing the process of teaching a foreign language using multimedia technologies, which provide students with the opportunity to get acquainted with visual scenarios of communicative behavior of native speakers of the studied language and form motivation to communicate with them. The concept of Computer-assisted language learning is described as a scientific direction that arose due to the rapid development of ICT and multimedia. It studies the theoretical and practical aspects of the use of multimedia technologies in the process of language teaching in the new conditions of digitalization of education. Attention is drawn to the fact that a modern teacher of a foreign language should be ready to use ICT in the formation of language, speech and communication competencies in students. The article describes the personal experience of using SCORM technologies as an effective method for teaching productive types of speech activity and as an approach to solving a number of tasks related to the implementation of educational standards. The variants of using SCORM technologies in teaching a foreign language are described and analyzed. Based on practical experience, it is concluded that the use of SCORM technologies in practice not only helps students to consolidate the knowledge of the studied lexical and grammatical material in an interactive form, which contributes to a deeper assimilation of knowledge and motivates their interest in learning the language, but also allows the teacher to implement effective training in productive types of speech activity, that implies speaking in certain communicative situations, including the development of the rules of speech behavior. The results of the study can be applied to the development of foreign language courses in full-time and distance format.

The relative power of individual distancing efforts and public policies to curb the COVID-19 epidemics.

Lockdown curbs the COVID-19 epidemics but at huge costs. Public debates question its impact compared to reliance on individual responsibility. We study how rationally chosen self-protective behavior impacts the spread of the epidemics and interacts with policies. We first assess the value of lockdown in terms of mortality compared to a counterfactual scenario that incorporates self-protection efforts; and second, assess how individual behavior modify the epidemic dynamics when public regulations change. We couple an SLIAR model, that includes asymptomatic transmission, with utility maximization: Individuals trade off economic and wellbeing costs from physical distancing with a lower infection risk. Physical distancing effort depends on risk aversion, perceptions of the epidemics and average distancing effort in the population. Rational distancing effort is computed as a Nash Equilibrium. Equilibrium effort differs markedly from constant, stochastic or proportional contacts reduction. It adjusts to daily incidence of hospitalization in a way that creates a slightly decreasing plateau in epidemic prevalence. Calibration on French data shows that a business-as-usual benchmark yields an overestimation of the number of deaths by a factor of 10 compared to benchmarks with equilibrium efforts. However, lockdown saves nearly twice as many lives as individual efforts alone. Public policies post-lockdown have a limited impact as they partly crowd out individual efforts. Communication that increases risk salience is more effective.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ АТ «КБ «ПРИВАТБАНК»

The current situation in the modern banking market is characterized by intensified competition, the growing role of customer relations, further diversification of products, increasing the influence of distribution channels of banking services and products. To solve the problems that arise, they intensify marketing activities in the following areas: improving banking products and services, developing new products, expanding customer development programs, monitoring the activities of competitors, creating a marketing culture in the organization. The article is devoted to the review of marketing activity of «PRIVATBANK». The study allowed to determine the main competitive advantages of «PRIVATBANK» and the problematic aspects in which the bank is desirable to adjust its marketing policy. It is determined that «PRIVATBANK» is a universal bank with a focus on the retail segment and a selective presence in the corporate segment. It can be called a leader in terms of assets, equity, profit and other indicators of activity among Ukrainian banks. Almost half of the clients of the banking system of Ukraine use the bank's products and services. Such achievements in «PRIVATBANK» were made, among other things, due to well-established marketing activities. The main marketing tools in «PRIVATBANK» include: work with the product; price determination; distribution; communications; creation and participation in social events, sponsorship and charity; dissemination of positive information about the bank; constant contacts with clients; use of direct marketing measures. «PRIVATBANK» constantly adapts its product line to modern market requirements, providing a number of competitive advantages both through unique innovative products and services, and through the introduction of bonus programs and the formation of an online community through social networks. It is substantiated that «PRIVATBANK» can improve its results by changing the pricing policy, its flexibility and differentiation, trying to get into the price range set by competing banks, as well as by improving the system of integrated marketing communications in the marketing strategy of the bank.