Conflict Interaction Research Articles

What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction of destructive leadership, intra-team conflict, and organizational diversity.

This paper aims to clarify the impact of destructive leadership on team innovation performance. It also explores the relevant conditions that maximize the above relationship. Specifically we examine how intra-team conflict organizational diversity moderate the relationship between destructive leadership team innovation performance. Finally the three-way interaction between destructive leadership intra-team conflict organizational diversity is analyzed for the worst conditions to maximize the negative effect of destructive leadership on team innovation performance. This paper used a cross-sectional design with questionnaires administered to 87 teams with 479 team members working in Korean manufacturing service firms. It applied a hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypothesized relationships including three-way interaction effect among destructive leadership intra-team conflict organizational diversity on team innovation performance. This paper provided empirical insights about how destructive behaviors of team leader hindered team innovation performance. The three-way interaction effects also revealed that the higher the levels of both intra-team conflict organizational diversity the greater the negative effect of destructive leadership on team innovation performance. This paper demonstrates how team leaders’ behavior team organizational conditions result in discouraging overall innovation outcomes. This paper contributes to the innovation leadership literatures by identifying possible leadership type hindering innovation performance at team level the specific conditions their dynamic interaction strengthening the negative effect of destructive leadership on team innovation performance.

Understanding democratic conflicts: The failures of agonistic theory

Western democracies experience profound conflicts that induce concerns about polarization and social cohesion. Yet although conflicts are a core feature of democracies, the forms, functions, and dynamics of democratic conflicts have rarely been subject of political theory. This paper aims at furthering our understanding of democratic conflicts. It analyzes the theory of conflict in Mouffe's agonistic pluralism, confronts it with sociological conflict theory, and presents concrete points of departure for a more comprehensive theory of democratic conflicts. The paper, thus, contributes to two lines of research: (1) Regarding agonistic theories, the paper shows that agonistic pluralism fails to provide a convincing theory of conflict since it underestimates the mechanisms and effects of conflict dynamics (e.g. intergroup cohesion, intragroup conflict, domination, and escalation) and fails to account for the variety of conflict interactions. Proponents of agonistic pluralism should therefore invest more into clarifying their core concept. (2) For a general account of democratic conflicts, the paper proposes to pursue interdisciplinary research on the cognitive concepts shaping conflict interactions, the linked practices of conflict regulation, and the processual dynamics of conflicts.

Struggles for just conservation: an analysis of India's biodiversity conservation conflicts

The protection of the Earth's remaining biodiversity continues to be a debate of global importance as well as a source of contestation. In this context, the Indian government started with its post-colonial forest conservation from the 1970s, by ushering in the Wildlife Protection Act in 1972. It has since reinforced its conservation policies, over the last 15 years giving particular focus to the protection of tigers, considered a keystone and endangered species. In 2004, a Tiger Task Force was set up to protect the tiger, followed by the establishment of protected habitats for tiger conservation, which in turn reinforced the idea of a human-wildlife binary and legitimized the control of these spaces through armed policing. These changes in environmental governance have altered the relationship between local communities and forest guards, in many cases aggravating already conflictual interactions. This article discusses the political ecology of emerging conflicts around protected areas (national parks, tiger reserves and wildlife sanctuaries) in India through an analysis of 26 conflicts documented in the Environmental Justice Atlas (EJAtlas), and informed by field research conducted within and around protected areas of India. Specifically, the article analyzes the interplay between conservation policies and the rights of the commons recognized under the Forest Rights Act, 2006, as well as the socio-economic impacts of conservation policies in terms of dispossession, violence and the increase of "green militarization." The article also highlights the social resistance movements developed against these trends, which are framed as part of the growing environmental justice movement. The article concludes with how this struggle may be essential to achieving an ecologically sustainable society in the future and to shape a new conservation model.

ЯЗЫКОВАЯ СФЕРА В КАБАРДИНО-БАЛКАРСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ В МАССОВОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОМ МНЕНИИ: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ВО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯХ

Objective of the study is to identify the main trends in the public opinion of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic residents regarding the functioning of state and native languages in the republic in order to assess the potential problematization of language issues in the context of interethnic relations. The methodological basis of the research is a synthesized approach to the study of ethnicity, combining elements of constructivism and an instrumental approach. Within the framework of this approach, the author considers the ethnic language as a construct of nationalism, one of the markers of ethnic borders that become less flexible in case of conflict interaction, and as a possible tool for achieving certain goals of the elites. Methodically, the study is based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative strategies, that is, the results of a representative study for the republic are supplemented by data from expert interviews and focused group interviews.   Research results. The study revealed that in the republic for the most numerous ethnic categories (Kabardians, Balkars, ethnic Russians), the importance of language in ethnicity prevails against the background of other ethnointegrating features, which is confirmed by the all-Russian background. The understanding of the native language as an ethnic one prevails ("the language of my people"), however, there is also a plurality in the understanding of the native language, when significant proportions of Kabardians and Balkars call not only ethnic languages, but also Russian as their native language. The study revealed a fairly high proportion of those satisfied with the functioning of their native languages in different spheres of life, however, it is noticeable that Balkars note such satisfaction less often than Kabardians. The concern of cultural elites about the state and prospects of ethnic languages is clearly expressed, including in the context of transformations of the educational field in recent years. At the same time, the results allow us to conclude that language problems are unlikely to become complicating factors in interethnic interactions in the republic in the near future.   Prospects of the study. Measurements and analysis of public attitudes and expert discourses on the functioning of ethnic languages in the republics of the Russian Federation are an important element of research on interethnic relations in our country. The monitoring of discourses will continue, as well as a comparative analysis of the data and conclusions obtained with the results of other studies of the perception of the linguistic sphere in the regions.  

Evaluating dual exposure by using climate-conflict vulnerability index on the coastal districts of Sindh, Pakistan.

Climate variability is widely recognized as a major concern, particularly in resource-scarce regions where it limits livelihood opportunities by putting additional strain on already depleting resources, resulting in human insecurity and conflicts. Some vulnerability assessments have created a nexus between climate variability and conflicts. The Climate-Water Conflict Vulnerability Index (CWCVI) and the Climate-Agriculture Conflict Vulnerability Index (CACVI) are applied as a tool for exploring the climate and conflict interactions, as well as contrasting the vulnerabilities of the coastal districts of Badin, Thatta, and Sujawal. The analysis incorporates a dual exposure of communities in the form of climate variability and conflict over water and agricultural resources. The study finds that aggression and feelings of insecurity about depleting resources are the main contributing indicators of climate-conflict vulnerability in the coastal districts. District Sujawal showed higher vulnerability in adaptive capacity as compared to the other districts due to poor infrastructure and high dependency on natural resources. However, the district of Badin demonstrated high vulnerability in terms of sensitivity and its exposure to conflicts over agricultural resources is high. The overall CWCVI and CACVI scores were higher in Badin and Thatta, respectively. This study identifies a number of indicators that can be used to improve the efficacy of mitigation strategies to reduce conflict vulnerability in future policy directions and resource planning.

Quality of Marriages of Husband-Wife Families Working in the Formal Sector During the Covid-19 Pandemic as well as Work-Family Conflicts and Family Interactions That Occur

The COVID-19 that has occurred has changed all human routines. COVID-19 has also prompted countries to issue work from home (WFH) policies. With this policy, the line between office work and homework is invisible. This condition triggers conflict, especially between husband and wife working, namely between work and family. However, good interaction between family members can be a mediator for working couples. In this regard, the study aims to analyze family interactions and the effect of work-family conflict on the quality of marriage for husband and wife working families during the COVID-19 pandemic. The design of this research is a cross-sectional study and was carried out in the city of Bogor in March 2021. Research respondents are wives who work in the formal sector and have school-age children, and the number is 65 families. The method in this study was self-administered, and an online questionnaire was used. Analysis of the influence of family characteristics, work-family conflict, and family interaction on marriage quality used regression test. As a result, during the COVID-19 pandemic, marriage quality was in the high category, with work-family conflict in the low category and family interactions were in the moderate category. Based on the regression test results, it is known that the quality of marriage is positively and significantly influenced by the length of the marriage and negatively significantly by work-family conflict. The research implication is that work-family conflicts can be overcome with good interactions between family members during the pandemic.

Feeling humor as a factor of harmonization оf interpersonal interaction in conflict situations

The theoretical analysis of the problem of the use of humor as a means of effective interpersonal interaction in problem situations is made in the article. It is noted that along with traditionally developed in psychology areas of harmonization of interpersonal interaction in problem situations, one that is fundamentally new and promising is one that considers the sense of humor as a resource for psychological overcoming of emotional conflict factors. Of particular research interest are non-traditional approaches to psychology, in particular, such a resource component of solving a problematic situation as a sense of humor. In this sense of humor is of scientific and practical interest in the context of this problem in both psychodiagnostic, psychocorrectional and psychoprophylactic aspects. It is suggested to consider a sense of humor as a multidimensional psychological construct characterized by stress-protective potential. The latter manifests itself in the protection of the subject from negative emotions and conditions, the occurrence of which is caused by the experience of difficult life situations. The level of traumatic impact of the situation on the subject depends on her cognitive appraisal, and the sense of humor is capable of influencing her. Awareness of the role of humor as a resource for psychological overcoming is a testament to the overall more successful functioning of a person as a subject of life, a more complete acceptance and understanding of oneself, their aspirations and motives. Prospects of research of humor in psychodiagnostic and psychocorrectional directions are substantiated, in particular: to find out dynamics and corresponding factors of semantic and connotative contents of humorous production in situations of prevention of conflict interaction; studying the differences of the actualization of humor as a psychological resource for avoiding and resolving conflict situations in accordance with ethno-psychological, religious-ideological, historical-political factors, etc.

Transformative diplomacy? Micro-sociological observations from the Philippine peace talks

Abstract How do adversaries build social bonds in peace talks and how decisive are such bonds for the success of peace processes? The article investigates the micro-sociological thesis that diplomatic face-to-face interaction can generate social bonds. It is based on direct observations from peace talks between the Philippine government and the communist party (NDFP) in January 2017 and backchannel talks in 2020. The article shows that the talks took the form of friendly and disengaged interaction with very little dominating or conflictual interaction. Observations and interviews with participants show that social bonds were generated at the negotiations. However, the talks broke down immediately after the third round and has not been running since, apart from back-channel negotiations. The article discusses the remarkable contrast between the good atmosphere at the table and the breakdown of negotiations, arguing that while face-to-face interaction holds transformative potential, the right people need to be at the table for it to bring peace. As neither the president of the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte, nor the hardliners of his government were present at the table, the transformative potential was limited. The article therefore questions the transformative potential of peace talks, if leaders and hardliners are not present.

Associations between affect and empathic accuracy during conflict interactions in couples

The current research examined how intimate partners’ affect is related, on a moment-to-moment basis, to their level of empathic accuracy during conflict interactions. To this end, we analyzed data from two laboratory-based studies ( n = 155 and n = 172 couples) in which couples participated in a conflict interaction task, followed immediately by a video-review task during which they reported on their own feelings and thoughts and inferred those of their partner at different moments in the interaction. We found that the partners’ affective similarity—for both positive (Studies 1 and 2) and negative affect (Study 2)—was related to greater perceiver empathic accuracy for both the partner’s feelings (Studies 1 and 2) and the partner’s thoughts (Study 2). The data from Study 2 also revealed a complementary effect: lower levels of empathic accuracy for feelings at moments of affective dissimilarity between the partners (i.e., when a perceiver was feeling positive while his/her partner was feeling negative).

Structure and Dynamics of Islamic Social Formations (Seventh–Fourteenth Century)

Abstract From the seventh to the fourteenth century, the Muslim world’s key actors were free peasants working limited and scattered cultivated areas, whose communities paid heavy taxes. A distinct nomadic mode of production dominated the arid lands and their warlike pastoral tribes. Wealthy merchants and artisans controlled urban ideological production, living next to actual ruling classes, who drew exceptional material privileges from their proximity to the state. Since the latter’s status contradicted the contractual community’s values, political power was socially alienated and needed support from paid soldiers and often co-opted religious notables. The author describes Islamic social formations as real flesh-and-blood beings who developed original features on the same tributary mode of production’s skeleton. He shows that comparable dialectical oppositions enlivened them, stemming from uneven and combined development processes. Thus, their states and villages, barren lands and city markets, contractual ideology and monarchical powers were permanently in conflictual interaction.

Explaining Morality Policy Coalitions in Spanish Parliamentary Votes: The Interaction of the Church-State Conflict and Territorial Politics

ABSTRACT In this article we empirically explore the impact of the state-Church conflict on progressive moral policies. Taking Spain as a case study, we analyse the parliamentary interaction of political parties in a number of policy domains that provoke a moral conflict. We examine the principal legislative acts relating to abortion, divorce, same-sex marriage, euthanasia and gender equality from the early 1980s to 2021. We look beyond the religious divide and argue that its interaction with territorial politics, which is in turn shaped by specific institutional features, explains the formation of political coalitions that are conducive to moral legislation. Furthermore, we show that political coalitions vary depending on how explicit or implicit a given morality conflict is.

‘Pro-moral order’ activism: a study of diversity within youth communities of struggle in St Petersburg

ABSTRACT This article considers the activism of a range of youth activist groups that seek to uphold the ‘moral order’ in contemporary Russian society. They promote strict adherence to a healthy lifestyle including avoidance of alcohol, drugs and sexual promiscuity and oppose those whose choices and behaviour do not conform to their own values and moral attitudes. Such ‘pro-moral order’ activism is associated with traditionalist, conservative, right-wing nationalist movements fighting for the morality of the ‘ethnic Russian’ population but also attracts young people engaged in movements formerly sponsored by the Russian state. The article traces the composition of this complex activist terrain, examines the motives of participants in a range of movements, identifies the ideas and principles underpinning participants’ social mission and reveals intra-movement conflicts. The article explores the fine line activists tread between conflict and cooperation with the state and its law enforcement agencies and considers how some activist groups become stigmatised in public discourse. Drawing on a relational approach to morality, it demonstrates the importance of interaction – including conflictual interaction – to shaping what is considered permissible and valued and how the struggle for ‘moral order’ is a site of both community and conflict for young people in contemporary Russia.

Human–animal conflicts: socio-philosophical aspects (on the example of the problem of Ophidism).

The subject of the study is the problem of venomous snake bites (ophidism), which is relevant for modern public health and accumulates a range of diverse social practices aimed at preventing or reducing the negative consequences of human contact with a non-human agent (a venomous snake). The problem of ophidism is considered as a special case of conflict between humans and animals, in which a typical scenario of such interactions is embodied, due to the increased anthropogenic impact on nature, which received a powerful impetus during the formation of the colonial system and reached its maximum expression in the XX - early XXI century in the context of the cumulative growth of mankind. The study uses a comprehensive methodology based on a comparative historical approach, comparative analysis of statistical information, socio-philosophical interpretation of the problem of ophidism, considered as a special case of conflict interaction between a person and non-human agents. The approach developed within the framework of Critical Animal Studies (CAS). The study shows the evolution of understanding of the problem of ophidism and its significance in the second half of the XX century - early XXI century, the formation of interdisciplinary optics, which made it possible to interpret a set of particular situations as a single phenomenon due to the specifics of human-nature interaction, taking into account socio-economic factors and as one of the challenges for global health. The conclusion is made about the change in the logic of constructing the agency of the non-human side of the conflict, affecting social activity aimed at preventing it, as well as the possible rejection of the understanding of ophidism as a holistic problem under the influence of other challenges to global health, primarily the COVID-19 pandemic.

The commander's work on resolving interpersonal conflicts among military personnel

This article reveals the problems of resolving interpersonal conflicts in military personnel, analyzes objective conditions and subjective ways of preventing conflict situations, reveals the different attitude of commanders to conflicts in military collectives. The directions of the commanders' activities necessary for the formation of a system of knowledge about the peculiarities of the functioning of the human psyche in conflict situations, the formation of knowledge about the mental nature, structure, dynamics, forms of conflict interaction and possible outcomes of conflicts between military personnel are given. The role of commanders in conflict resolution is considered, as well as the existing algorithms for conflict resolution are disclosed. To solve interpersonal conflicts among military personnel, a possible algorithm of the commander's actions in the role of a third party is proposed, which can be refined and changed taking into account the specifics of a specific conflict situation.

Biased memories contribute to the links between stress and depressive symptoms.

Perceived stress undermines emotional wellbeing, and poorer emotional wellbeing may intensify perceived stress. The current studies examined whether biased memories contribute to the possible reciprocal links between perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Two longitudinal studies compared the stress people perceived for several weeks (Study 1, N = 308) or during a conflict interaction (Study 2, N = 261) with memories of perceived stress gathered in subsequent weeks. People with low depressive symptoms remembered their past as involving less perceived stress than they initially experienced (positive bias). By contrast, people with average or higher levels of depressive symptoms remembered their past as involving exactly as much perceived stress as initially experienced (depressive realism) or, at very high levels of depressive symptoms, more perceived stress than initially experienced (negative bias). These memory biases had important implications. Accounting for initial levels of perceived stress, more negative memories of perceived stress predicted greater weekly depressed mood (Study 1) and greater depressive symptoms across time (Study 2). Evaluating whether life has involved as much perceived stress as now remembered may help facilitate emotional wellbeing in the face of rising perceived stress and depressive symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Offensive and Defensive Models of US Foreign Policy in the Middle East

The article is devoted to the analysis of the US foreign policy in the Middle East. The study analyzes the military-political, energy and information aspects of the offensive and defensive models of the Middle East policy of the United States at the present stage. The purpose of the study was to examine the results of the implementation of expansionist and exploitative geopolitical projects of the United States in the Middle East, taking into account the influence of the information factor and the Russian-American confrontation in the region. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach. The historical approach, statistical methods, event analysis, case-study method, analysis, comparison, induction and deduction were also applied. The novelty of the work lies in considering the offensive and defensive models of the US political course in the Middle East and the results of expansionist and exploitative geopolitical projects in specific regional situations. Attention is paid to the consequences of Washington's offensive foreign policy on the example of the invasion of Iraq and the occupation of Syria. The article considers the defensive model of US policy in the Persian Gulf with an emphasis on US-Saudi relations against the background of the visit of the US president to the region in July 2022. Examples of Russia's successful creative policy in the Middle East are given. The conclusion is made about the destructive nature and low effectiveness of both offensive and defensive models of the US geopolitical strategy in the Middle East. Against the background of Washington's weakening influence on regional processes, the sovereignty of states is gradually increasing, and it becomes possible for them to pursue an independent political course. The turn of a number of traditional Middle Eastern partners of the United States towards Russia and the system of multipolarity world order proposed by Moscow is becoming more and more noticeable. A change in the balance of power in the Middle East region in the future may lead to a gradual decrease in information influence and a deterioration in Washington's image, with a very likely continuation of conflict interaction between Russia and the United States.

Математическая модель для имитационной реализации функционирования системы противовоздушной обороны соединения надводных кораблей

The article considers the stages of the logical-time cyclogram of detection and maintenance of groups of controlled objects by means of the air defense system of a naval surface force. An algorithm for forming arrays of detected objects is implemented, taking into account the impulse volume, the coverage sector to accompany all detected objects and other configuration factors, considering probabilistic estimates of the detection of controlled objects. A mathematical model of the functioning of the naval surface force air defense system has been created, taking into account various parameters of active means affecting the groups of controlled objects, as well as taking into account firing strategies in the presence of network-centric control of the order of controlled objects. An algorithm for evaluating the results of fire counteraction of a network-centric group of controlled objects on the part of the air defense system of a naval surface force has been considered. A variant of the simulation implementation of the logical-time cyclogram of the operation of air defense system fire channels has been developed, and examples of the implementation of a logical-time cyclogram for an arbitrary composition of the air defense system are given, taking into account the strategic actions of active means of a naval surface force. Additional conditions for embedding the developed version of the algorithm of the air defense system logical-time cyclogram into the system for simulating the conflict interaction of systems are listed

The effects of subordinates’ performance on manager–subordinate conflict under the moderation effect of propensity to trust: an attribution approach

PurposeThis study aims to reveal the role of performance on the likelihood of conflict occurrence and the conditions that affect this relationship. This study measures managers’ perceptions about the cause of the subordinate’s low-level performance, stability of the performance, propensity to trust of managers and investigate the effects of them on conflict types.Design/methodology/approachThis study draws on the attribution theory for investigating the effect of the negative performance of subordinates on a conflict between manager and subordinate by using the quantitative research method. A random sample was drawn from 150 Turkish mid-level managers from midsized small and medium - sized enterprises companies. The hypotheses are tested by hierarchical linear modeling.FindingsAccording to results, negative performance of subordinates may predict the types of conflict depending on the attributions of managers about negative performance. In addition, the manager’s attributions to the locus of control or/and to the stability affect the likelihood of conflict types occurrence, between managers and subordinates. Depending on the managers’ attributions, the propensity to trust of managers has a significant moderation effect on the relationship between performance of subordinates and the likelihood of conflict types occurrence.Originality/valueThis study advances knowledge on conditions that affect the likelihood of conflict occurrence. It contributes to the literature by suggesting performance as a predictor of conflict instead of an outcome of the conflict. The research is one of the rare studies investigating the relationship between attributions and conflict. In addition, it expands the understanding of personal traits and conflict interaction by testing the moderation effect of propensity to trust.

Социальный капитал как фактор конфликтного взаимодействия сетевых структур

Социальный капитал как фактор конфликтного взаимодействия сетевых структур

Do People Know How Their Romantic Partner Views Their Emotions? Evidence for Emotion Meta-Accuray and Links with Momentary Romantic Relationship Quality.

Do people know how their romantic partner (i.e., the perceiver) views the self's (i.e., the metaperceiver's) emotions, displaying emotion meta-accuracy? Is it relevant to relationship quality? Using a sample of romantic couples (Ncouples = 189), we found evidence for two types of emotion meta-accuracy across three different interactions: (a) normative emotion meta-accuracy, knowing perceivers' impressions of metaperceivers' emotions that are in line with how the average person may feel, and (b) distinctive emotion meta-accuracy, knowing perceivers' unique impression of metaperceivers' emotions. Furthermore, across interactions, normative emotion meta-accuracy was positively related to momentary relationship quality for metaperceivers and perceivers and this link was especially strong in the conflict interaction. Distinctive emotion meta-accuracy was negatively related to momentary relationship quality across interactions for perceivers and in the conflict interaction for metaperceivers. Overall, it may be adaptive for metaperceivers to accurately infer perceivers' normative impressions and to remain blissfully unaware of their unique impressions.