Conflict Behavior Research Articles

Gender and Organizational Conflict Management: The Mediating Role of Personality

Many authors examined the interplay between gender and conflict management preferences, but those findings were often mixed and inconsistent. In the current paper, we tried to explain those inconsistencies by investigating the mediating role of personality for the relationship of gender and conflict management. Rahim’s inventory was used for identifying five conflict management styles, and the Big Five Model theory was a base for assessing participants' personality traits. In an online survey, data were collected from a sample of 1,055 working Poles (52.7% women). Based on the structural equation modeling, we detected multiple indirect mediating paths of gender on conflict management via personality traits, while no direct effect of gender was observed. Despite some limitations, the study sheds light on the role of gender in conflict behavior and the importance of personality traits in conflict management, both from a theoretical and practical perspective.

Protocols to reduce seclusion in inpatient mental health units.

The use of seclusion to manage conflict behaviours in psychiatric inpatient settings is increasingly viewed as an intervention of last resort. Many protocols have, thus, been developed to reduce the practice. We conducted a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of protocols to reduce seclusion on process outcomes (e.g., seclusion, restraint), patient outcomes (e.g., injuries, aggressive incidents, satisfaction), and staff outcomes (e.g., injuries, satisfaction). We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials, PsycINFO, CINAHL, cairn.info, and ClinicalTrials.gov for protocols to reduce seclusion practices for adult patients on inpatient mental health units (from inception to September 6, 2022). We summarised and categorised reported elements of the protocols designed to reduce seclusion using the Behaviour Change Wheel Intervention Functions and resources needed to implement the protocol in psychiatric units. We assessed risk of bias and determined certainty of evidence using GRADE. Forty-eight reports addressed five approaches to reduce seclusion: hospital/unit restructuring (N = 4), staff education/training (N = 3), sensory modulation rooms (N = 7), risk assessment and management protocols (N = 7), and comprehensive/mixed interventions (N = 22; N = 6 without empirical data). The relationship between the various protocols and outcomes was mixed. Psychiatric units that implement architecturally positive designs, sensory rooms, the Brøset Violence Checklist, and various multi-component comprehensive interventions may reduce seclusion events, though our certainty in these findings is low due to studies' methodological limitations. Future research and practice may benefit from standardised reporting of process and outcome measures and analyses that account for confounders.

Формирование у будущих педагогов конструктивных стратегий поведения в конфликте

The growth of conflicts in the educational environment poses the problem of preparing future teachers to work with conflicts. Mastering constructive strategies of behavior in conflicts is an integral part of professional training. The aim of the article is to evaluate the results of testing the algorithm for the formation of a conscious choice of a strategy of behavior in conflict among students of a pedagogical university when doing the pedagogical conflictology course. The study was carried out on the basis of systemic, process, and competence-based approaches. Before-After/Experimental-Control designs (BA/EC) became a form of study organization. Theoretical and empirical research methods were used. We used the C. W. Thomas Test Questionnaire “Diagnosis of Personality Predisposition to Conflict Behavior” (adapted by N. V. Grishina) to diagnose strategies for a person’s behavior in conflict. The subjects were 337 third-year students from different faculties of South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University. IBM SPSS Staristics 23 program was used for statistical data processing. The article presents the results of the study of the future educators’ behavior strategies. Empirical evidence has shown that future educators who do not know the basics of pedagogical conflictology act spontaneously, unknowingly, and often use non-constructive strategies in a conflict situation. The authors propose an algorithm for the formation of conscious behavior in the conflict of future teachers, as well as the results of its application in the course of pedagogical conflictology. The authors state that there are differences in the choice of constructive strategies between the students of the experimental group and the control group. Students from the experimental group more often than students from the control group began to use strategies such as compromise (28.6% versus 18.2% before the experiment) and cooperation (27.3% versus 23%) after the intervention. In the control group, on the contrary, the proportion of students using the rivalry strategy was higher (28.5%) than in the experimental group after the experiment. Most students in a conflict situation began to analyze their own interests and the consequences of the conflict for further interaction with the other side. Based on the results of the study, the authors developed an algorithm for teaching future educators an informed approach to choosing strategies for behavior in conflict. This algorithm can be used in the process of teaching the pedagogical conflictology discipline in pedagogical universities.

Development and evaluation of a de-escalation training intervention in adult acute and forensic units: the EDITION systematic review and feasibility trial.

Development and evaluation of a de-escalation training intervention in adult acute and forensic units: the EDITION systematic review and feasibility trial.

Aspectos Neuropsicológicos e Uso de Drogas em Adolescentes Autores de Ato Infracional: Uma Revisão Sistemática

The behavior of confl ict with the law engendered by adolescents is a phenomenon of great social impact that needs to be approached from an interdisciplinary perspective, considering it in the biopsychosocial context of human development. The study of this topic demonstrates the need to understand, through neuropsychological assessment, the expressions of self-control and the possibility of rehabilitation and social inclusion of these individuals. Considering this important issue, based on neuropsychology, we reviewed and described the variables: executive functions, anger, impulsivity, psychopathic traits, and drug use in studies with adolescents in conditions of deprivation of liberty due to criminal off enses. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used, and the searches took place in the following databases: Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO, totaling 44 articles. The evidence indicated relations between high psychopathic traits and high anger and low inhibitory control, with or without drug use, present in violent behavior outcomes. The evidence was interpreted considering the presence of a relation between the studied variables and these with the infraction, characterizing them as essential in the neuropsychological description of adolescents. This context indicates the need to update empirical data on the prevalence of drug use and executive functions. Together with other neuropsychological and psychosocial aspects, these functions contribute to neuropsychological interventions with adolescents in confl ict with the law and deprived of liberty in socio-educational institutions.Keywords:Executive functions, anger, impulsivity, psychopathic traits, adolescence

ЦІННІСНО-СВІТОГЛЯДНІ ОРІЄНТИРИ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА 1991 РОКУ (НА МАТЕРІАЛАХ ГАЗЕТИ «ЛІТЕРАТУРНА УКРАЇНА»)

In the conditions of the collapse of the USSR and the gaining of independence by Ukraine, the Ukrainian public faced a number of challenges regarding national identity, historical memory, national and political consciousness, etc. In this vein, in 1991, the Center for Political Psychology and Communication of the Kyiv Union of Higher School Teachers schools and scientists, together with the editorial board of the «Literary Ukraine» newspaper, conducted a sociological study on the study of public opinion regarding the topical issues of that time, historical memory, and national consciousness. A number of questions were posed to society: «Who are we?», «What are we like?», «What do we want and what must we do?», «What kind of people are we?», «What kind of historical memory do we have?», «Do we believe in the national, spiritual and state revival of Ukraine?». The article shows the national composition of the population of Ukraine. A sociological portrait of survey respondents was made. The affiliation of the respondents to one or another political culture was determined, where the attitude towards the state leader was the main evaluation criterion, when the western political culture is oriented towards the equality of all citizens, including the leader of the state, while the eastern political culture is focused on the charisma of the leader. The ratio of different personality types among carriers of types of political culture is shown in percentages, their behavior in conflicts, which gives us a certain idea about the formation of their genotype, identity. The opinions of representatives of different types of political culture regarding the principles of choosing the president, regarding the forms of cooperation of Ukraine with the subjects of the former USSR, were analyzed, regarding the rating of historical figures, the popularity of political figures of Ukraine, the significance of Ukraine’s entry into the USSR and the proclamation of the Act of Independence of Ukraine. It was concluded that the society was not monolithic, identical, because it was formed under the influence of many different factors, among which a special place is occupied by the valuable and worldview aspect of the behavior of various social groups, which was related to their interaction with the political authorities. In this respect, the issue of entry/secession of Crimea and Donbas was indicative. That is, already at the moment when Ukraine gained independence, the mentioned question began to be raised at the level of separatism.

Satisfaction with marriage, personality traits of the spouses and the choice of strategies for overcoming family conflicts.

The paper considers satisfaction with marriage as a basic characteristic that forms the stability of marital relations. An overview of approaches to the study of this phenomenon from the perspective of external and internal, social and personal, variable and stable factors is presented. The subject of the study is strategies for overcoming conflict and personality characteristics of spouses with varying satisfaction with marriage. The novelty of the study is associated with an attempt to consider the sphere of matrimony from the point of view of the behavioral, affective and motivational component, to give a pilot characterization of the overall picture of how personality accentuations and non-constructive ways of resolving conflict situations are expressed in a group of subjects with low satisfaction with marriage. To suggest possible directions for further work and deepening the study of factors affecting marital satisfaction. This approach is useful for forming the principles of accompanying married couples. The test - questionnaire of satisfaction with marriage, developed by V.V. Stolin, T.L. Romanova, G.P. Butenko. The methodology for diagnosing tactics of behavior in conflict by K. N. Thomas. In our country, the test was adapted by N.V. Grishina. Assessment of character accentuation according to the Shmishek method. The main conclusions of the study found differences in the severity of the types of accentuations, in the group of subjects with high satisfaction with marriage, the severity of accentuations is lower, it was also found that the degree of personality accentuation in affective indicators is higher in the group with low satisfaction with marriage. The differences are also related to the type of conflict resolution strategy, in the group with high satisfaction with marriage, cooperation and compromise are more often chosen, this group has a wide variety of conflict resolution strategies, in the group with a low level of satisfaction with marriage, non-constructive strategies are more often chosen - avoidance, rivalry, adaptation, which leads to an even greater decrease in marital satisfaction among the subjects. The novelty of the approach in this work is associated with an attempt to study behavioral and personal characteristics, identify opportunities for comprehensive research

ПРИЧИНИ ВИНИКНЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ КОНФЛІКТІВ

The article defines the historical aspects of the formation of the concept of “economic conflicts”. Certain stages of development of economic conflicts are analyzed. It is noted that it is economic conflicts that cause global contradictions between states, groups of people, and between individuals. Economic conflict arises because of real or perceived problems that lead to disputes between parties. This conflict may concern various aspects of market relations, such as sales markets, consumers, finance, wages, etc. It was found that the course and resolution of various conflicts contain an economic component. It is substantiated that, in general, for the modern economic theory of conflict, the main efforts are focused on building models in which conflict behavior is combined with other, cooperative types of economic activity. It is noted that the conflict, in whatever form it appears, always goes through certain stages of development, which differ among themselves in qualitative characteristics and possibilities for localization and resolution. The historical aspects of the study of the concept of the problem of conflicts in the economy are analyzed. Unfortunately, at the moment there are many reasons for conflict situations, which are discussed in the article. It is noted that the policy of the Ukrainian government should be aimed at creating a clear and realistic strategy for the socio-economic development of the country, based on an analysis of the country's real economic situation and its available resources. The main role in the settlement of these conflicts should be played by the state. Since any system is destroyed from the inside by uncontrolled conflicts. Despite the diversity and meaningfulness of approaches to the study of the impact of globalization on the sources of conflicts, the issue of monitoring economic conflicts between the main economic centers of the world in the context of political conflicts of the 21st century, as well as outlining the prospects for European integration of Ukraine, remains insufficiently researched. Conflicts that arise in society need to be responded to immediately, because any system is destroyed from within due to uncontrolled conflicts.

ԿՈՐՊՈՐԱՏԻՎ ՄՇԱԿՈՒՅԹԻ ԱԶԴԵՑՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԲՈՒՀԱԿԱՆ ԱՆՁՆԱԿԱԶՄԻ ԲԱԽՈՒՄՆԱԾԻՆ ՎԱՐՔԱԳԾԻ ԿԱՌԱՎԱՐՄԱՆ ՎՐԱ / THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE CULTURE ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CONFLICT BEHAVIOR OF THE UNIVERSITY STAFF

In the recent period, in the theoretical and practical approaches to management, corporate culture has been emphasized, which is a socio-economic category and is one of the key factors in the efficiency of university activity and the satisfaction of spiritual and social needs and demands. It is directly related to the realization of the necessity and usefulness of the joint work of the university staff. Corporate or organizational culture is the atmosphere prevailing in the internal environment of a university with any management structure, the presence of which dictates completely new approaches to management, the creation of working conditions for staff, and the and the assessment of new behavioral and interpersonal qualities and requirements of staff. It is a set of behavioral models, the acquisition of which contributes to the university’s adaptation to the external environment and the formation of internal integration. The article examines the impact of corporate culture on the confrontational behavior of university staff, which is an integral part of any university. Such elements of corporate culture as managers’ management approaches, leadership style, and the presence of values, norms, and rules of the majority of employees are of the utmost importance in preventing and solving behavioral deviations among university staff. The article discusses the impact and importance of structural and operational features of corporate or organizational culture in the context of managing the conflictual behavior of university staff.

Russian-Language Versions of Inventories Measuring Styles and Effectiveness of Conflict Resolution in Close Relationships

The article presents the results of the development of Russian-language versions of two inventories proposed by L. A. Kurdek to assess the conflicts in close relationships: The Ineffective Arguing Inventory and the Conflict Resolution Style Inventory. The theoretical basis of these inventories is the result of studies that have revealed the important role of conflict in the stability of the family and described the unproductive pattern of conflict behavior. In a sample of 415 people (43 % men) aged 18 to 66 years old (M = 28.02; SD = 8.05) in premarital (42%) or marital (58%) relationships the factor structure of the questionnaires was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis, as well as acceptable internal consistency coefficients of the scales were obtained. The validity of the questionnaires is proved by the expected correlations of ineffective arguing and three conflict resolution style scales (positive, conflict engagement, and withdrawal) with indicators of the frequency of conflicts in a couple, relationship satisfaction, attachment style, empathy, and forgiveness. The fourth conflict resolution style (compliance) showed weak correlations with only some validity criteria, which reflects a less important role of this style in the conflicts of premarital and married couples. Correlations of conflict scales with age and duration of relationships were not significant, weak gender differences were revealed only in the tendency to a positive style of conflict resolution (higher in women). The proposed inventories can be useful in future studies of marital conflict, as well as in preventive and counselling work.

Focus group on conflict management in the classroom in Secondary Education in Costa Rica: mixed methods approach.

The educational system in Costa Rica, as regulated by Law #7727, which governs Alternative Conflict Resolution and Promotion of Social Peace must consider the interplay of various factors influencing classroom conflicts and the management strategies employed by teachers. Consequently, it becomes imperative to identify the most effective conflict resolution practices applicable within this context. To achieve this, a thorough procedure based on mixed methods was employed to analyze and interpret both classroom conflict behaviors and teachers' strategic responses. This study employed an indirect observational methodology, from a mixed methods approach. Data was collected through a focus group comprised of teachers. Following the connect framework, the procedure was conducted in three phases: QUAL-QUAN-QUAL. Two analytical techniques were implemented. A lag sequential analysis was used to explore potential behavioral patterns. The results of this analysis informed a polar coordinate analysis, which generated a visual representation of the relationships between codes. A focus group addressed four questions, yielding satisfactory data quality control results (kappa values: 0.80, 0.77, 0.76, 0.82). In polar coordinate analysis, the 37 observational instrument categories were designated as focal behaviors. Each of the 37 analyses treated all categories as conditioned behaviors. The analysis identified 342 activation/inhibition relationships between focal and conditioned behaviors. Of these, 195 were statistically highly significant, distributed across quadrants: Quadrant I (106), Quadrant II (36), Quadrant III (16), Quadrant IV (36). Significant gaps in understanding of conflict were identified, along with disparities in the resources and competencies necessary for successful conflict resolution among the observed educators. Specifically, teachers frequently employed techniques informed by intuition rather than deliberate strategy learned in their training. Consequently, the study advocates for enhancing teachers' cognitive and emotional competencies to optimize conflict management within the classroom and bolster their adaptive coping mechanisms.

Role of Servant Leadership Conglomerate Conflict Behaviour on Team Performance, Conflict Resolution Efficacy, and Turnover Intentionin Tanzania’s Higher Learning Institutions

This paper explores the intricate relationship between servant leadership, conflict management behaviour, and organizational outcomes in the context of Tanzania's higher learning institutions. Through a longitudinal study involving 800 respondents from four public universities, the research investigates the interplay between servant leadership and conflict management styles, specifically focusing on integrating and compromising behaviors. The study employed a comprehensive methodology, utilizing questionnaires distributed over two waves with a one-year time lag. The findings revealed a positive correlation between servant leadership and integrating conflict management styles, specifically avoiding and accommodating. However, the anticipated correlation between integrating and compromising conflict behaviours in servant leadership is not confirmed. The study further examined the prevalence of cooperative conflict management patterns among Tanzanian university leaders, highlighting a combination of problem-solving and compromising strategies. A significant aspect of the research involved cluster analysis, which revealed distinct conflict behaviour patterns in Tanzanian universities. The result showed a preference for compromising and low-integrating (co-operative) patterns, as well as high-integrating and low-compromising (competitive) patterns. Notably, these patterns were not mutually exclusive, indicating a nuanced approach to conflict management. In the second part of the study, the paper delved into the impact of servant leadership's cooperative behaviour on team performance, conflict resolution efficacy, and turnover intention. The results affirmed the positive relationship between integrating and compromising conflict management styles and team performance while forcing behaviour showed a negative correlation. Moreover, the study identified a negative relationship between accommodating and forcing conflict management styles and turnover intention. The paper concluded that servant leaders in Tanzanian universities adeptly combined different conflict management styles, mitigating the adverse effects of conflicts on team performance and turnover intention. Even though avoiding and accommodating conflict behaviours were used together, problem-solving and compromising strategies were used a lot. This showed that servant leadership was used in a more complex way in Tanzanian higher education. The study contributed valuable insights into the dynamics of servant leadership, conflict management, and organizational outcomes, emphasizing the need for a contextual understanding of leadership behaviours and their cultural implications.

How leader's type shapes the effect of nuclear latency on dispute involvement

What is the effect of nuclear latency on states’ conflict behaviors? Defined as the ability to produce fissile material without the actual possession of nuclear weapons, nuclear latency is much more common in the international system than nuclear weapons are. Yet present studies might have underestimated its impact on conflict. We argue that, given its ambiguous nature as a dual-use technology, nuclear latency has the potential to significantly alter the effect of leader type on conflict. In particular, while conventional wisdom about hawks and doves suggests that the former should be more prone to conflict than the latter, nuclear latency blurs the distinction between leader's types. Bridging together studies of nuclear latency and leader type, we study how nuclear latency shapes the impact of leader type on the propensity of initiating conflict or being targeted. We find that in the absence of latency, hawkish leaders are more likely to initiate disputes than dovish leaders. However, latency muddies the waters. Thus, leader characteristics does not affect dispute initiation for latent states.

Family Socialization of Adolescents Convicted of Crimes of Varying Severity

Features of family functioning and parent-child interaction affect the success of the socialization process, because parental attitudes and habitual ways of behavior are subsequently reproduced by children in further interaction in society. Aspects of family socialization of adolescents who have committed crimes of varying severity have been little studied in Russia. The purpose of the study is to determine the nature of interaction with parents and the features of family socialization of male adolescents convicted of crimes of varying severity. The study involved 280 adolescents, of whom 120 were serving sentences in juvenile correctional facilities, 80 were given and were registered with the penitentiary inspection, 80 were studying in educational institutions in Moscow and had never been held brought before the law for offenses. The average age of the participants was 15.8±0.8 years, all the respondents were male. As main methods the authors used interviews and analysis of personal files as well as a number of psychodiagnostic methods, including: The Scale of Tactics of Behavior in Parent-Child Conflict (adapted by I.A. Furmanova); A Questionnaire on Family Emotional Communications (A.B. Kholmogorova, S.V. Volikova, M.G. Sorokova); Unfinished Sentences Sacks - Sidney Variant (modified by T.A. Zaeko). The results of the study revealed the following reliably significant characteristics of the family socialization of convicted adolescents: living in an incomplete family, dissatisfaction with the financial situation, narcotization and alcoholization of parents, deprivation of parental rights of one of the parents, problems with the law of one of the family members, and fewer children in the family. In the families of adolescents convicted of serious crimes, there was a high level of cruelty and violence against the child on the part of the parents manifested. In the families of probationers, there was a lack of clear rules and methods of discipline, neglect of the child’s needs. The families of all the adolescents with unlawful behavior were characterized by a dysfunctional nature of communication (communication on the part of the parents was dominated by criticism, causing anxiety, prohibiting the expression of emotions, fixating on negative experiences, etc.). The information obtained in the study can be used by employees of the psychological and educational services of the penitentiary system.

Cross‐efficiency evaluation of the data envelopment analysis with conflict behaviour and beneficial relationship perspectives

AbstractIn data envelopment analysis, cross‐efficiency evaluation stands out as a valuable tool for ranking the effectiveness of decision‐making units (DMUs). However, existing research commonly assume that DMUs are randomly classified as either collaborators or opponents of the evaluated DMUs. Unfortunately, few studies have considered the presence of conflict behaviour and beneficial relationships among DMUs during cross‐efficiency evaluation. To address this research gap, this study proposes an innovative approach. Firstly, the proposed framework incorporates an interval cross‐efficiency environment to accommodate the inherent uncertainty and fuzziness in the efficiency scores of DMUs. Secondly, two definitions, namely task conflict cross‐efficiency and relationship conflict cross‐efficiency, are introduced by combining the characteristics of the interval cross‐efficiency matrix with conflict behaviour. To measure the strength of the conflict between DMUs, a novel measurement method is proposed, forming the foundation for constructing two cross‐efficiency secondary programming models based on conflict behaviour. Thirdly, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is employed to measure the strength of beneficial relationships among DMUs. Subsequently, two cross‐efficiency secondary programming models are developed based on beneficial relationships. To obtain the final scores, the efficiency scores of the four models are integrated using the Shannon entropy method. Finally, two illustrative applications are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.

Transformational Leadership and Work Engagement; Governing Role of Followers’ Conflict Behaviors in the Banking Sector or Karachi

This research delves into the intricate relationship between transformational leadership and employee engagement. By examining a specific demographic within a designated industry, we aimed to discern the direct and mediating effects of leadership styles on work involvement. The study's design was cross-sectional, capturing insights at a singular point in time. Our findings underscore the positive correlation between transformational leadership and heightened work engagement. Moreover, certain behaviors, such as problem-solving, emerged as significant mediators in this relationship. However, the study's design and reliance on self-reported data present certain limitations. Future research avenues include adopting a longitudinal approach and integrating diverse samples to enhance the depth and applicability of our insights.

Aging-Related Behavioral Patterns in Tibetan Macaques.

Aging can induce changes in social behaviors among humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). Therefore, investigating the aging process in primate species can provide valuable evidence regarding age-related concerns in humans. However, the link between aging and behavioral patterns in nonhuman primates remains poorly comprehended. To address this gap, the present research examined aging-related behaviors exhibited by Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) in their natural habitat in Huangshan, China, during the period from October 2020 to June 2021. We collected behavioral data from 25 adult macaques using different data collection methods, including focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling methods. We found that among adult female macaques, the frequency of being attacked decreased with their age, and that the frequency of approaching other monkeys also decreased as age increased. In males, however, this was not the case. Our findings demonstrate that older female macaques exhibit active conflict avoidance, potentially attributed to a reduction in the frequency of approaching conspecifics and a decreased likelihood of engaging in conflict behaviors. This study provides some important data for investigating aging in NHPs and confirms that Macaca can exhibit a preference for social partners under aging-related contexts similar to humans.

Editable, Persistent, and Emotionally Expressive

Abstract: A 5-day diary study examined how channel affordances are related to channel use and outcomes in romantic conflict. Adults answered five consecutive days of surveys about daily conflict occurrence, channel affordances, channel use, and conflict behavior. The results of a 1–1–1 multilevel mediation analysis showed negative within-indirect effects for the channel affordances of editability and persistence on constructive conflict behavior via mobile text messaging, and a positive within-indirect effect for the channel affordance of bandwidth on constructive conflict behavior via face-to-face communication. The data suggest that channel affordances motivate channel use in romantic conflict and that these channel affordances are indirectly related to constructive conflict behavior.

Work Engagement at the Corporate Crossroads: The Role of Followers' Conflict Behaviors, Mediated by LMX, TMX, and Transformational Leadership, with Prosocial Motivation as a Moderator, in Pakistan's Workforce Dynamics

This research explores the complex dynamics between follower conflict behaviors (FCBs) and work engagement (WE) within the private sector of Pakistan. It delves into different types of conflict behaviors, including Problem-Solving Behaviors (PSB), Dominating Conflict Behaviors (DCB), and Non-Confronting Conflict Behaviors (NCB). A key focus of the study is to analyze how Transformational Leadership (TL), Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), and Team-Member Exchange (TMX) mediate these relationships, particularly in the context of work engagement. Furthermore, it investigates the moderating influence of Prosocial Motivation (PSM) on the interplay between FCBs (PSB, DCB, and NCB) and Work Engagement (WE). Utilizing Smart PLS 3.0 for its structural equation modeling, the study gathers data from 395 respondents to shed light on the direct, mediated, and moderated relationships involving FCBs and WE. Findings indicate a positive association between PSB and WE, whereas both DCB and NCB are shown to adversely affect WE. The study identifies TL as a significant mediator in the PSB-WE linkage, with LMX mediating the relationship across all forms of FCBs. Additionally, TMX is particularly influential in mediating the PSB-WE connection. In the context of moderation, PSM emerges as a pivotal element, shaping the dynamics between FCBs and WE. These insights are crucial for comprehending the intricate interactions of conflict behaviors, leadership styles, and engagement within Pakistani organizations. The study underscores the importance of further research in diverse cultural settings using various methodologies. It contributes significantly to the understanding of how conflict behaviors, leadership approaches, and motivational factors impact work engagement, offering critical guidance for enhancing employee engagement in multicultural contexts.

ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ВЫГОРАНИЕ ОРДИНАТОРОВ, ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ В МЕДИЦИНСКОМ ВУЗЕ, И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЕГО ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ КОРРЕКЦИИ

The article is devoted to the problem of emotional burnout of doctors studying in residency at a medical university. In a preliminary interview, professional, social, and personal factors were identified that contribute to the formation of a burnout syndrome. The set of methods of the main empirical study included Maslach–Jackson burnout questionnaires, Thomas–Kilman style of conflict behavior, Hall's emotional intelligence, Lazarus–Folkman coping test, methods for diagnosing the professional communicative competence of doctor Yakovleva and style self-regulation of Morasanova's behavior. It was revealed that certain symptoms of burnout are typical for 31% of residents who participated in the study. The results of the correlation analysis show numerous connections between burnout syndrome indicators both with personality traits that contribute to the formation of typical symptoms (tendency to confrontation, avoidance and distancing in social contacts, striving for excessive independence with a lack of professional experience), and determining personal resistance to negative professional factors (the desire for cooperation, compromise and, in general, the formation of adequate communication skills in interaction with patients and colleagues, rational coping strategies, productive components of self-regulation). The targets of psychological prevention and correction of professional burnout among residents were identified. Based on the results of the study, program, that includes information-diagnostic, consulting-correctional and educational-developing directions, has been developed and introduced into the educational process at a medical university.