Conflict Behavior Research Articles

ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЕТНОПСИХОЛІНГВІСТИЧНИХ СТЕРЕОТИПІВ У ПЕРЕКЛАДІ

The article is devoted to the problem of interdisciplinary nature, relevant for both ethno- and socio-psycholinguistics and translation studies due to the need for deeper study of the problem of reflection and correct rendering of national, cultural and linguistic features and characteristics in English translation into Ukrainian and vice versa. The study describes the features of language stereotypes in English-speaking culture in reproduction in Ukrainian translation, reveals the specifics of the phenomenon of communicative conflict and its reflection in translation, identifies a set of leading tactics and dominant translation operations in implementing a strategy of communicative-equivalent translation that is used to achieve optimal faithfulness and correctness in the studied pair of languages within ethnopsychospecific cross-cultural communication. Based on the results of the analysis of the peculiarities of language behavior in the situation of communicative conflict, a typology of ethnopsycholinguistic stereotypes has been developed. The article also provides a classification of levels of communicative competence, which is based on the ability of the language personality to cooperate in interpersonal communication. The results of the research can be useful in solving modern problems of intercultural communication in translation studies and serve as a powerful tool for optimizing translation, taking into account crosscultural differences in the English — Ukrainian language pair.

The value of family among youth (based on conversational language of youth)

The subject of this research is the conversational language of modern youth, which is thematically diverse, as followed from fulfilling grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research “Language that is commonly used in a family: axiological reality and methods of research (based on the conversational language of a Ural city)”, 2018-2020. Emphasis was placed on the topic of family values and parenting, which is explained by high relevance of this topic for young people. The goal consists in description of axiological reality of modern students in the area of family relations. In the course of analysis, the author uses the methodology developed by the grant collective, which implies determination of the value aspects of thematic and communicative content in text of the dialogue. The dialogue implements a number of value orientations inherent to the Russian national culture, such as: marriage, childbirth, parenting, relation to older generation. Participants of the dialogue describe parental attitudes that pertain to family and reality overall. The recordings of conversational speech of youth demonstrate that respondents directly explicate family values, as well as anti-values. Implicitly, the analyzed text contains the value of love and kindness. Analysis of the text indicates that respondent prefer harmonious and nonconfrontational communication. Unanimity in the value attitudes is reflected in communicative behavior: the respondents approve the raised topics, agree with the declared value orientations, and avoid conflict behavior.

Is conflict adaptivity better than cooperation? The effects of adaptive conflict behaviors on job‐related well‐being in South Korea

AbstractGiven the pervasiveness of conflict at work and its potential negative consequences, it is important to know how managers can deal with conflicts constructively. Employees and managers are often required to navigate through a multiplicity of conflicts, including disputes with their supervisors and supervisees of either a cooperative, win–win or competitive, win–lose nature. The goal of this study was to examine how the capacity of South Korean workers to respond adaptively to different or changing types of conflict situations impacts their job‐related well‐being and turnover intentions. Specifically, we hypothesized and found that more adaptive responses to conflict—those that utilize different behavioral strategies that are aligned with the normative demands of presenting conflict situations—were positively related to satisfaction with conflict outcomes, job‐related well‐being, and lower intentions to quit one's job among managers and employees in South Korea. These findings are consistent with those from similar studies in the United States, providing support for the generalizability of the model to other cultural contexts. Theoretical and practical implications of the results as well as directions for future research are discussed.

Risk and protective factors for depressive symptoms and suicidality among children and adolescents in Lebanon: Results from a national survey

· 6·2% of children and adolescents in Lebanon experience clinically significant depressive symptoms and 11·5% experience suicidal ideations. · Parent child conflict, parental psychopathology and bullying emerge as strong correlates of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideations among children and adolescents. · Incorporating parental psychopathology and parent-child relationship during assessments of children and adolescents is important, as are interventions that target bullying. This may help decrease the risk of depressive symptoms and suicidality in this age group. Depressive disorders and suicidal ideations among children and adolescents present a global public health concern. Our aim is to investigate the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms and suicidality in a nationally representative sample of Lebanese children and adolescents. 1287 participants aged 8–17 years 11 months and their parents were recruited and completed the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, Conflict Behavior Questionnaire(CBQ), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Peer Relations Questionnaire. Parents completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). 79 participants (6·2%) screened positive for depressive symptoms and 147 (11·5%) had suicidal ideations. Among children, depressive symptoms were associated with suboptimal school performance (OR=11·543;95%CI=3·341–39·887), higher GHQ scores (OR=1·076;95% CI=1·045–1·108), higher odds of being victims of bullying (OR=3·545,95% CI=1·313–9·088) and of being both a victim and a bully (OR=8·700;95%CI=3·202–23·638). Suicidal ideations were associated with lower odds of having a monthly income greater than 2000$(OR=0·095;95%CI=0·012–0·760), higher odds of being victims of bullying (OR=3·392;95%CI=1·435–8·017), and of being both a victim and a bully (OR=3·347;95%CI=1·605–6·980). Among adolescents, depressive symptoms were associated with older age (OR=1·429;95%CI=1·149–1·778), school performance with some difficulties (OR=2·950;95%CI=1·408–6·181), being both a victim and a bully (OR=7·114;95%CI=2·588–19·556), higher parent reported CBQ score (OR=1·199;95%CI=1·124–1·279);. Suicidal ideations were associated with lower odds of having a monthly income between 1000 and 2000$ (OR=0·435; 95%CI=2·223–0·847), higher odds of being both a bully and a victim (OR=5·851;95%CI=2·287–14·973), higher parent reported CBQ scores (OR=1·123;95%CI=1·061–1·188). Among participants who showed depressive symptoms or suicidality, only 3.2%-14.9% had ever sought mental health care . We couldn't comment on the progression of depressive symptoms over time or establish causality. We used a screening depression tool, not a diagnostic instrument or a suicide-specific diagnostic interview. Parent-child conflict, parental psychopathology and bullying emerge as correlates of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideations in children and adolescents in Lebanon and treatment gap in this population is alarming.

Recognising, understanding and managing high conflict behaviours in healthcare

Conflict in healthcare is commonplace, may be increasing, and is hardly surprising given the combination of a high stress environment and multiple stakeholder involvement.1 The national health service (NHS) identifies...

A combination of insecure attachment patterns in a relationship and its quality: The role of relationship length

Most studies confirm that a combination of insecure attachment patterns in a couple has a negative effect on a romantic relationship. However, some research findings suggest otherwise. It is because they do not take account of relationship length as a moderating variable. The aim of this study was to examine the role of relationship length in predicting the effects of a combination of insecure attachment patterns on different aspects of its quality. The study involved 200 heterosexual couples. We used the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire to measure insecure attachment patterns (anxiety and avoidance) and the Couple Satisfaction Index-32 to determine relationship satisfaction. The other aspects of relationship quality (tenderness, communication, conflict behavior) were examined by means of the Partnership Questionnaire. The key results showed that with time the selected indicators of relationship quality deteriorate in a combination of anxious and avoidant patterns, while they improve in a combination of both anxious patterns.

Simulating military conflict with a continuous flow model

A continuous flow model of infantry behaviour in military conflict is proposed, combining a crowd flow model based on conservation of individuals, empirical data on walking speed under varying crowd density and surface inclination, and a variation of the Lanchester attrition model to account for casualties. Both close-in combat and ranged fire are incorporated in the model. In order to implement relative movement and orientation of a unit, an additional variable is introduced that tracks the identity of a subunit within an overall unit. This approach to subunit modelling represents a new contribution to the literature. Further, we offer two new models of how ground troops adjust their walking behaviour to the terrain. Example numerical solutions of the multi-group crowd flow equation with an attrition source term are presented. Conventional implicit, second-order, upwind methods for convection-diffusion equations are employed in the calculations. The model is seen to produce behaviour that could plausibly depict infantry combat. An advancing force tends to pile up in the rear and stretch out in the front, and interacting armies tend to form a linear front. Unit reorientation and a breakpoint are illustrated in an example scenario. We propose that modelling battlefield dynamics as a continuous flow may provide strategic decision makers with a more intuitive understanding of the momentum of a conflict, and reduce the quantity of information that a human observer needs to assess the flow of battle.

Hubungan Empati Dengan Perilaku Konflik Dengan Orang Tua Dual-Career

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of empathy and conflict behavior in early adolescents who have dual-career parents. There were two instruments: The Basic Empathy Scale (BES) by Jolliffe and Farrington (2006 and Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) by Robin Foster (1989). A total respondents of this study were 252 adolescents (N male = 95; N female = 157) obtained online through self-selected polls. By the Spearman's Product Moment correlation analysis, the results showed that there was a significant negative between empathy and conflict behavior in early adolescents with dual-career parents (r = -0,277 p 0.05). The results also showed that there were significant differences in conflict behavior between ages 13 years to 16 years, where the age of 14 years was higher (M = 152.83) in experiencing conflict behavior compared to other ages. The implication of this research highlighted the importance of developing empathy in adolescents as an effort to minimize conflict with parents.

Trauma, Aggression, and Post Conflict Perpetration of Community Violence in Female Former Child Soldiers-A Study in Eastern DR Congo.

ObjectiveFormer combatants are exposed to multiple traumatic stressors during conflict situations and usually participate in perpetration of violence. Ongoing perpetration of violence in post conflict areas, linked to mental health problems and appetitive aggression, destabilises peace keeping efforts. The aim of this study is to investigate lifetime exposure to violence and the relationship between this exposure and mental health and current violent behaviour in a sample of female former child soldiers with a history of perpetration of violence in Eastern DR Congo.Methods98 female former child soldiers who had been abducted and forcibly recruited during the M23 insurgency (2012–2014) were assessed for lifetime exposure to trauma including perpetration of violence, clinical outcomes (PTSD and appetitive aggression), and current violent behaviour.ResultsFemale former child soldiers had been exposed to extremely high levels of trauma including perpetration of violence and presented with high levels of mental health problems. Linear regression models showed that current violent behaviour was predicted by both PTSD and appetitive aggression.ConclusionsTrauma exposure predicts ongoing perpetration of violence post conflict via the resulting mental health problems. The findings imply that if PTSD and appetitive aggression symptoms are successfully treated, ongoing violent behaviour in the community post conflict will also decrease.

Mediating effect of burnout between work-family conflict and organizational citizenship behavior and the moderating effect of Proactive Personality

Mediating effect of burnout between work-family conflict and organizational citizenship behavior and the moderating effect of Proactive Personality

The cooperative and conflictual interactions between the United States, Russia, and China: A quantitative analysis of event data

The United States, Russia and China are militarily and economically among the most powerful countries in the post-Cold War period, and the interactions between the three powers heavily influence the international system. However, different conclusions about this question are generally made by researchers through qualitative analysis, and it is necessary to objectively and quantitatively investigate their interactions. Monthly-aggregated event data from the Global Data on Events, Location and Tone (GDELT) to measure cooperative and conflictual interactions between the three powers, and the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) and the vector autoregression (VAR) method are utilized to investigate their interactions in two periods: January, 1991 to September, 2001, and October, 2001 to December, 2016. The results of frequencies and strengths analysis showed that: the frequencies and strengths of USA-China interactions slightly exceeded those of USA-Russia interactions and became the dominant interactions in the second period. Although that cooperation prevailed in the three dyads in two periods, the conflictual interactions between the USA and Russia tended to be more intense in the second period, mainly related to the strategic contradiction between the USA and Russia, especially in Georgia, Ukraine and Syria. The results of CCDF indicated that similar probabilities in the cooperative behaviors between the three dyads, but the differences in the probabilities of conflictual behaviors in the USA-Russia dyad showed complicated characteristic, and those between Russia and China indicated that Russia had been consistently giving China a hard time in both periods when dealing with conflict. The USA was always an essential factor in affecting the interactions between Russia and China in both periods, but China’s behavior only played a limited role in influencing the interactions between the USA-Russia dyad. Our study provides quantitative insight into the direct cooperative and conflictual interactions between the three dyads since the end of the Cold War and helps to understand their interactions better.

The role of family-of-origin environment and discrepancy in conflict behavior on newlywed marital quality

How partners handle conflict may be transmitted across generations and contribute to relationship quality. Using a sample of 220 newlywed couples ( N = 440) we examined the associations between destructive family-of-origin conflict patterns and discrepancies in current conflict behaviors (e.g., conflict engagement, withdrawal, negative problem solving) with marital quality. Destructive conflict mediated the relationship between destructive family-of-origin conflict and subsequent marital quality. We found actor and partner effects for the association between destructive conflict behavior and marital quality. Moreover, discrepancies in spousal use of negative problem solving was associated with lower marital quality for husbands, although we found limited evidence of partner discrepancy overall.

Conflict Resolution and Emotional Expression in Mother-Preadolescent Dyads: Longitudinal Associations with Children’s Socioemotional Development

How youth learn to manage emotions during mother-child conflict influences their socioemotional development. Ninety-four mother-preadolescent (aged 9-13, 57.4% female) dyads were observed during conflict discussions and completed questionnaire measures at one prior time-point (Time 1; ages 6-10) and one subsequent time-point (Time 3; ages 11-16) to the observations (Time 2). The temporal associations between individuals' emotional expressions and their own and their partners' verbal conflict behaviors were observed. Mothers and preadolescents were more attacking and assertive when angry, and more conciliatory and avoidant when sad. Neutral affect predicted the most constructive behaviors, while positive affect promoted avoidance. The responses were similar following their partners' emotions. Maternal conflict-escalating responses to anger were associated with difficult characteristics in earlier childhood and socioemotional difficulties in adolescence. Maternal and child de-escalation following sadness predicted socioemotional adjustment in adolescence. These results demonstrate that conflict resolution between preadolescents and their mothers is influenced by the emotional climate of the interaction, and that the management of negative emotions within the dyad is tied to youth's socioemotional development.

PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN STUDENT GROUPS WITH THE CLASS TEACHER

The concept of psychological interaction of class teachers with student groups is disclosed in the article. Based on the principles of a systems approach, we define this interaction as the interaction of two subsystems, which simultaneously includes other structures (microgroups, dyads), and is part of larger systems - school, education system as a whole. We assume that the interaction in the educational environment, which is operationalized through the types and models of interaction, is set mainly by the class teacher, but also supported by students and parents.We consider models and types of interaction as those that, on the one hand, are related to the level of psychological climate in the student’s group, on the other hand – are determined by the psychological characteristics of the participants education process. Accordingly, we assume that the type and model of interaction has certain correlations with: 1) the level of socio-psychological climate of student group; 2) prevailing tendencies of interpersonal interaction; 3) the prevailing values of teachers, setting the most general and highly organized principles of communication processes in the educational environment; 4) strategies of behavior in conflict, as typical behavioral patterns implemented by teachers in situations of difficult communication.Thus, to verify the correlations of types and models of interaction in the educational environment with the psychological characteristics of the studied teachers and students, we performed a procedure of factor analysis of an array of empirical datas. As 47 variables used in factorization, we selected indicators on the scales of the methods that we used in the empirical study. Thus, 11 factors are choosen describe the mechanisms of interaction. As a result, a unique model of interaction is built, which describes its essence and has three components. The first component – the prevailing models and types of interaction in the educational environment; the second component – mechanisms for the implementation of interaction by teachers; the third component is a component of the mechanisms of students’ reaction to the interaction with the teacher. Therefore, the essence of the interaction process is investigated, its mechanisms on both sides - teachers and students are described, and the determinants that affect the effectiveness of this interaction are identified.

Prenatal relationship conflict behavior predicts childbirth experiences and birth outcomes.

Despite evidence linking prenatal psychosocial stress and social support to perinatal maternal and infant health, no study has explored couple conflict behavior during pregnancy as a predictor of subsequent birth outcomes. The current study examines whether couples' positive and negative conflict behaviors during pregnancy predict their stress during the birth experience and gestational and birth outcomes. Forty-seven first-time expectant couples participated in a conflict discussion during pregnancy that was observationally coded. Several months later, following the birth of their child, couples reported on their subjective childbirth stress. By summing medical chart data on gestational outcomes and birth complications, we computed a cumulative birth risk score. Negative conflict behavior was related to higher cumulative birth risk scores, and conversely, positive conflict behavior was associated with lower birth risk, even after controlling for maternal pregnancy symptoms. Similarly, more negative conflict behavior predicted higher mother-reported birth stress, while positive conflict behavior predicted lower father-reported birth stress. However, birth stress effects became nonsignificant after controlling for maternal pregnancy symptoms. Although the pregnancy literature has focused primarily on maternal characteristics, these findings highlight the significance of couple interactions in predicting parental birth stress and birth outcomes. This study integrates psychological, behavioral, and medical chart data to enhance our understanding of how interpersonal factors influence gestational outcomes and the birth experience. These results have important clinical implications for potential couple interventions during pregnancy that can shape fetal development, the labor and delivery experience, and influence child and family health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Who's in charge? Child behavior predicts teacher subsequent classroom management practice for preschoolers reported to display disruptive behavior.

Most research examining teacher-child interactions focuses on how aspects of the teacher influence children's skills and development. However, teachers report that children who display disruptive behaviors negatively impact their practice. In this study, we examined the within-day reciprocal associations between teachers' interaction quality at the classroom level and preschool children's task orientation and conflict behavior in a sample of children reported by their teachers to display disruptive behaviors. Participants were 300 preschool children (62% male) aged 30 - 66 months (M = 48.9, SD = 6.7) and their 155 teachers. Children and teachers were observed on individual child behavior and classroom level teacher-child classroom management interaction quality across multiple consecutive days within a baseline observation window. Cross-lag models showed acceptable to very good fit to the data and indicated that children's prior positive task orientation predicted teachers' subsequent higher quality classroom management interactions and children's prior conflict predicted teachers' subsequent lower quality classroom management interactions. Teachers' prior classroom management quality was not associated with subsequent child behavior. Results are discussed in terms of the reciprocal associations between teacher and child behaviors and how disruptive behavior may ultimately influence broader classroom interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Being in the Moment So You Can Keep Moving Forward: Mindfulness and Rumination Mediate the Relationship between Attachment Orientations and Negative Conflict Styles.

Attachment insecurity has been associated with negative behaviors during conflict and decreased relationship satisfaction. We theorize that individuals high in attachment anxiety and/or avoidance are less mindful during conflict with their romantic partners, and thus more likely to ruminate. Decreased mindfulness and higher levels of rumination may be important mechanisms in the relationship between attachment insecurity and conflict behavior, as it may be more difficult to engage in constructive problem-solving skills when one is distracted from the present moment. We conducted an online survey assessing 360 participants’ attachment orientations, levels of mindfulness and rumination, behavior during conflict, and experience with mindfulness activities. Using a serial mediation model, we found that mindfulness and rumination mediated the relationship between attachment insecurity and negative conflict behaviors. We further discovered that individuals high in attachment insecurity were more likely to report negative experiences with mindfulness activities (i.e., meditation and yoga), and that this relationship was mediated by higher levels of experiential avoidance, or a fear of engaging with one’s own thoughts and feelings. We discuss the importance of increasing mindfulness and decreasing both rumination and experiential avoidance to assist individuals high in attachment insecurity in navigating relationship conflict using more constructive and relationship-promoting strategies.

Conflict in the Time of (Post-) Corona: Some Assessments from Behavioral Economics

Abstract We present a non-technical assessment of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on individual level conflict behavior in the household, workplace, and societal interactions in the post-COVID era. We predict that there will be an increase in the intra-household conflict including domestic violence; and the divorce rate will rise. Within workplaces, the pandemic will result both in a higher level of sabotage among the employees, and employee retaliation towards the employer. The pandemic may also affect the diversity and inclusiveness within an organization adversely. In societal interactions, an increase in the identity related conflicts – especially related to the immigration status – can be observed. It is also likely that there will be an increase in the attack and defense or victimization activities in the society. We conclude by proposing various measures for conflict resolution, and a few possible areas of further investigations.

Parental Relationship Status as a Moderator of the Associations Between Mothers’ and Fathers’ Conflict Behaviors and Early Child Behavior Problems

This study examines interparental conflict and associations with child behavior problems among a large, diverse sample of families with low income (N = 2,691) using path model analyses of mothers' and fathers' reports of constructive interparental conflict, destructive interparental conflict, and intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization at 15 months and child emotional insecurity and child behavior problems at 36 months. Multigroup models examined whether parental relationship status (i.e., married, cohabiting, and churning) moderated these associations. Fathers' perceptions of interparental conflict behaviors showed few direct associations with child outcomes, whereas mothers' perceptions of interparental conflict showed more robust associations with child outcomes. Specifically, mother-reported destructive conflict was associated with higher levels of child emotional insecurity and child behavior problems across parental relationship status subgroups. Mother-reported constructive conflict had a small negative association with child behavior problems in cohabiting families. Child emotional insecurity mediated the association of maternal destructive conflict on child behavior problems. Although churning families experienced higher levels of moderate and severe interparental conflict, associations linking destructive conflict to child behavior problems were consistent across parental relationship subgroups. There were few direct effects of father-reported constructive and destructive conflict on child well-being. However, the results supported the notion that fathers play an influential role in the family system via maternal reports of IPV victimization. Results of this study suggest that the mechanisms underlying emotional security theory, in which child emotional insecurity mediates the associations between maternal destructive conflict and child behavior problems, apply to a large and racially diverse sample of socioeconomically disadvantaged children.

Cui Bono? Business Elites and Interstate Conflict

We address how regime supporters affect war-making by re-opening a classic debate on business elites and their influence on states' conflict behavior. Imperialist theories contend that business elites encourage executives to undertake military expeditions to open up foreign markets, while capitalist peace arguments emphasize that business elites have economic incentives to work for peace. We synthesize these arguments and propose that countries become more belligerent, in general, when business elites enter regime support coalitions, but not towards other business-supported regimes. We use recently compiled data on social groups in regime support coalitions, covering 200 polities across 1789-2018, to test implications of our argument. We find that business-supported regimes are more likely to initiate armed conflict, but not against other countries with business-elite supported regimes. We also find support for additional implications, for instance pertaining to how the belligerence of business-supported regimes depends on existing trade relationships.