Conditions Of Northern Kazakhstan Research Articles

Развитие международного сотрудничества по кормопроизводству России и Казахстана (памяти Кушенова Бауржана Макушевича)

The article is dedicated to the memory of the recently departed from us outstanding scientist of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of crop production, fodder production, meadow farming and agrochemistry, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor Koshen Bauyrzhan Makoshuly (Kushenov Baurzhan Makushevich). He was born on 16.04.1962 in Northern Kazakhstan (Akmola region, Akkol district, village of Barap). In 1979, he entered the West Kazakhstan Agricultural Institute, from which he graduated in 1984 with a degree in agronomy, qualification "Scientist Agronomist". In 1986–1989 B.M. Kushenov studied at the graduate school of the All-Union Williams Research Institute of Feed. After successful completion of postgraduate studies, he defended his PhD thesis on the topic "Effective methods of using pasture stands and caring for them in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the RSFSR". From 1989 to 2003 B.M. Kushenov's career took place at the All-Union Barayev Research Institute of Grain Farming, where he worked his way up from a junior researcher to deputy director. From 2003 to 2015 Kushenov B.M. worked as the first deputy director of the Republican Scientific and Methodological Center of the Agrochemical Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan. From 2004 until the end of his life, he remained a professor at the Kokshetau Ualikhanov University. In 2010 B.M. Kushenov defended the dissertation of the Doctor of Agricultural Sciences on the topic "Agrobiological fundamentals technology of corn cultivation for silage and its use in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan" in the specialties of fodder production and meadow farming, feeding of farm animals and feed technology. Throughout his life, B.M. Kushenov has been conducting extensive international activities, constantly strengthening the relationship between scientists of Kazakhstan and Russia, working on our common problems of increasing the productivity and sustainability of our agricultural lands, rational use and improvement of hayfields and pastures. Under his leadership, scientists from Kazakhstan and Russia jointly made a significant contribution to the development of agriculture and feed production in our countries. He is the author of about 300 scientific papers in leading Kazakh, Russian and foreign publications, including 26 monographs, 37 guidelines and recommendations, 45 copyright certificates and patents of the USSR, Russia and Kazakhstan.

The Genetic Potential of Spring Durum Wheat Grain Quality in the North of Kazakhstan

The paper presents information about the cultivation of spring durum wheat in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Methods for assessing the quality of grain and semolina in the breeding process are shown: SDS sedimentation, protein content according to Kjeldahl, content, and index of gluten using the Glutomatic 2200 system, vitreousness, hardness SKCS 4100, content of carotenoid pigments, measurements of the color of grain and semolina using a CR-colorimeter. 410, Konica Minolta, commodity and technical properties of pasta; the characteristics of durum wheat genotypes are given as well. Relationships between quality indicators based on correlation analysis are established; indicators of hardness and vitreousness are in close connection with the most significant features: Protein content, gluten, pasta color, and evaluation of pasta properties. The quality of the studied durum wheat genotypes was found to meet the requirements of importers of Kazakh grain: Protein content averaged 14.9%, bulk density averaged 80.5 kg/hL, and the b* value in the Lab color evaluation system was at the level of 26.78 on average for semolina genotypes, with the maximum values found in Damsinskaya 2017 (32.17). Among the Kazakh varieties with the highest quality characteristics, the varieties Lavina, Damsinskaya Yubileinaya, and Korona stand out: Protein content (14.86-15.22%), gluten content 33.2-36.2%, gluten index 50-65, b* value (yellowness index) 23.82-26.74, vitreousness 80-84%. All studied genotypes belonged to hard-grained forms (hard-grain index 67-75).

Eksperimentalno proučavanje različitih metoda tretmana zemljišta u cilju maksimalnog očuvanja strništa i orezivanja korova

In Northern Kazakhstan, the main task of agrarians is to accumulate and retain the maximum amount of moisture. In this regard, effective agrotechnical moisture conservation methods are high-quality autumn non-moldboard processing of stubble backgrounds with maximum preservation of stubble on the surface and a mechanical method of weed control in a fallow field. The obvious disadvantages of existing tillage machines are the poor deepening ability of flat-cutting working bodies, embedding stubble into the soil, and incomplete cutting of weeds. Machine-tractor units with single-operational specialized machines and their multiple passes over the field recompact about 60% of the cultivated area. The most promising for the implementation of these technological operations are combined tools. However, the technical process of the joint interaction of lancet, disk, and bar working bodies with the soil in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan has not been sufficiently studied so far. In this regard, the work aims to study the effect of technological schemes of a combined tool on agrotechnical and energy indicators and to test an experimental sample under production conditions.

Yield, oil accumulation and quality of oil flax seeds in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Yield, oil accumulation and quality of oil flax seeds in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

ЭКСПОЗИЦИЯ ЛУКОВИЧНЫХ БОТАНИЧЕСКОГО САДА СЕВЕРНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА, Г. АСТАНА

When growing flower crops, serious attention is paid to grouping varieties by the beginning of their flowering. Due to the selection of varieties that differ in terms of flowering, a conveyor for the receipt of flower products is created in time. The peculiarities of the seasonal rhythm of plant growth and development largely determine the prospects of their introduction in new conditions. The emergence of seedlings, budding and flowering of various flower crops, including daffodils, is directly dependent on varietal characteristics and weather conditions. The unstable weather regime in spring affects the passage of the terms of the phenological phases, determines their sharp fluctuation. The precocity of the variety (the manifestation of flowering factors) is an endogenous property and is controlled by many external factors, among which an important place is given to the temperature. The duration of flowering (the period from flowering to the end of flowering) is a phase of decorative effect in floriculture and largely depends on the air temperature, productive moisture in the soil and the amount of precipitation. The purpose of this study is to study adaptation indicators in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan.

Corn in the Conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Corn in the Conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Corn in the Conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Corn in the Conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Influence of the predecessor and the seeding rates on the rape productivity

The aim of the research is to identify the optimal seeding rate of varieties and hybrids of spring rape for seeds in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The subject of the research is varieties and hybrids of spring rape. On the experimental fields of the Esil state grain-feed variety seed-trial ground, located in the Republic of Kazakhstan, North Kazakhstan region, the Esil district, the village of Yavlenka, in 2019-2020, a competitive test of spring rape was carried out, represented by 5 varieties: Geros, Maikudyk, Hunter, Makhaon and 3 hybrids: Caliber, Builder, GEN0009. The study of varieties and hybrids was carried out against the background of the predecessor - pure fallow, according to several seeding rates, namely 2.0, 2.5 and 3 million viable seeds. The main counts and observations were carried out according to the approved methodology of state variety testing. The studies carried out made it possible to establish that the seed productivity of rape plants is closely related to the meteorological conditions of the growing season and the studied variants of the experiment. Having studied the seeding rates, we came to the conclusion that the highest productivity is provided by rapeseed with a seeding rate of 2.0 million and 2.5 million viable seeds, and with an increase in the seeding rate, the yield decreases. Of the samples presented, over the years of testing, the variety Maikudyk and the hybrid Bilder distinguished themselves by a constant and full-fledged harvest for a number of selected characteristics.

Cultivator­Fertilizer Field Tests Using a Differential Fertilization System

The authors carried out field tests of differentiated fertilization system "Agronavigator-Dozator" installed on a cultivator-fertilizer for intra-soil application of granular mineral fertilizers in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. (Research purpose) To determine the effect of differentiated fertilization system on agrotechnical, energy, operational and technological and economic indexes of the cultivator-fertilizer in field conditions. (Materials and methods) The authors carried out agrochemical soil survey according to the officially approved method. They made an electronic task map. They used the methodology for determining the conditions of field tests, agrotechnical, energy, operational and technological and energy assessments that met the current regulatory documentation requirements. Field tests of differentiated fertilization system were carried out during the second flat-cut processing of the steam field with simultaneous intra-soil granular mineral fertilizers application. (Results and discussion) The authors found out that the use of differentiated fertilization system "Agronavigator-Dozator" reduced the actual dose of application from 95 to 40 kilograms per hectare. It was determined that the presence of a parallel driving mode in the system under study reduced the amount of overlap of adjacent aisles, thereby increasing shift productivity - from 4.25 to 4.32 hectares per hour, unit energy consumption decreased from 88.1 to 86.6 megajoules per hectare, and the specific fuel consumption decreased from 14.41 to 14.16 kilograms per hectare. The economic effect of the use of differentiated fertilization system "Agronavigator- Dozator " amounted to 630.6 thousand rubles per year. (Conclusions) The authors proved that differential fertilization system "Agronavigator-Dozator" effect the actual dose of fertilization, which decreased by 57.6 percent. It was found that a decrease in the overlap of adjacent aisles increased shift productivity, reduced specific fuel consumption and specific energy consumption by 1.7 percent. It was calculated that the total sum of money was reduced by 36 percent due to the use of differentiated fertilization system "Agronavigator- Dozator".

The comparative productivity of spring rape varieties and hybrids in the conditions of the North Kazakhstan region

Research objective is to determine the optimal seeding rate of varieties and hybrids of spring rape for seeds in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The subject of research are varieties and hybrids of spring rape. On the experimental fields of the Esil State Grain and Feed Varietal Testing Site located in the Republic of Kazakhstan, North Kazakhstan Region, Esil District, the village of Yavlenka in 2019-2020 years, a competitive test of spring rape was carried out, represented by 5 varieties: Geros, Maykudyk, Hunter, Machaon and 3 hybrids: Caliber, Bilder, GEN0009. The main accounts and observations were carried out according to the approved methodology of the state variety testing. The carried out researches established that seed productivity of rape plants is in close interrelation from meteorological conditions of the vegetative period and studied variants of experience. After studying the seeding rates, we came to the conclusion that the greatest productivity is provided by rapeseed with a seeding rate of 2.0 million and 2.5 million. germinating seeds, and with an increase in the seeding rate, the yield decreases, from the presented samples over the years of testing, the Maykudyk variety and the Builder hybrid were selected, which distinguished themselves by a constant and full-fledged harvest, unlike other tested samples.

О ПЕРСПЕКТИВАХ ПРЕЦИЗИОННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬЮ ПШЕНИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ СЕВЕРНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА

More complete realization of the wheat genetic potential will ensure increasing its yield and quality in the conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Innovative agrotechnological approaches, including a precision farming system (PFS) allow the problem to be addressed. Given the large area of Kazakhstan, the incorporation of precision farming systems needs assessment of the state of its vast territories using the Earth remote sensing (ERS) technology. In this paper, for the first time in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan, the methods of precision management of spring wheat productivity were implemented. The aim of the work was to assess the prospects for precision farming in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan and to develop an algorithm not only for passive monitoring of the state of crops, but also for active management of the spring wheat yield using ERS. The field trials were performed on dark chestnut soils in the seasons of 2019-2020 (a special precision farming landfill, Baraev Production Center of Grain Farming) with highly productive spring wheat (Triticum vulgare L.) varieties of local selection, the Shortandinskaya 95 and Astana. At the first stage, the main agrochemical indicators of the test sites were characterized using a ground-based mobile complex. Soil fertility parameters were assessed using survey grids with 1, 5, and 25 ha plot grids. The data were used to identify intra-field heterogeneity and calculate fertilizer doses for differentiated application. The second stage involved crop assessment using images from the Sentinel-2 group satellites and photographs form unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Plant development during ontogenesis was characterized by normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the yields were finally evaluated using electronic yield maps. At the third stage, the data were processed using the Stat and Microsoft Excel 2010 software package and AGROS-1 software (version 2.09-2.11/1993-2009). The main fertilizers were used at sowing and surface applied. Non-root feeding was also performed. Polymer fertilizers Vitanoll-NP (1 l/ha) and Vitanoll-micro (1Â l/ha) (Agromarket-24 LLC, Russia), a complex chelated fertilizer CHF (2 l/ha) (Agrophysical Research Institute, Russia), and a humic fertilizer Stimullife (0.3 l/ha) (Agrofizprodukt LLC, Russia) were used. It was found that only one agrochemical inhomogeneity of the field was partially leveled by the PFS-based differentiated introduction of fertilizers. Soil fertility, landscape profile and hydrological parameters (soil moisture availability) are shown to dominantly affect the spring wheat yield in the arid conditions of Kazakhstan. The changes in the agricultural landscape conditions due to the slope of the terrain, allows us to trace watercourses that characterize the productive moisture availability in a particular part of the field. On the basis of remote sensing data and coupled ground measurements used to precisely assess and record soil, landscape and soil moisture conditions, an algorithm has been developed to manage the yield formation process in plants. It is shown that the more precise the data analysis, the higher the effect of crop yield management. An increase in yield was approximately 10 % for a 5-ha plot grid and 2 times more for a 1-ha plot grid. The correlation revealed between the wheat yield and NDVI is strong and uneven as depends on the spatial direction, that is, the r values are 0.64-0.99 along the slope transect and 0.62-0.98 broadwise the field. A significant increase in yield was obtained both due to the differentiated application of mineral fertilizers, by 9.5Â % for the 5-ha grid and by 19.2 % the 1-ha grid, and due to timely non-root fertilizing, by 15-22.3 %. In general, our findings indicate the PFS prospects in the management of spring wheat productivity under the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan.

PROSPECTS FOR PRECISION MANAGEMENT OF WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

More complete realization of the wheat genetic potential will ensure increasing its yield and quality in the conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Innovative agrotechnological approaches, including a precision farming system (PFS) allow the problem to be addressed. Given the large area of Kazakhstan, the incorporation of precision farming systems needs assessment of the state of its vast territories using the Earth remote sensing (ERS) technology. In this paper, for the first time in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan, the methods of precision management of spring wheat productivity were implemented. The aim of the work was to assess the prospects for precision farming in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan and to develop an algorithm not only for passive monitoring of the state of crops, but also for active management of the spring wheat yield using ERS. The field trials were performed on dark chestnut soils in the seasons of 2019-2020 (a special precision farming landfill, Baraev Production Center of Grain Farming) with highly productive spring wheat (Triticum vulgare L.) varieties of local selection, the Shortandinskaya 95 and Astana. At the first stage, the main agrochemical indicators of the test sites were characterized using a ground-based mobile complex. Soil fertility parameters were assessed using survey grids with 1, 5, and 25 ha plot grids. The data were used to identify intra-field heterogeneity and calculate fertilizer doses for differentiated application. The second stage involved crop assessment using images from the Sentinel-2 group satellites and photographs form unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Plant development during ontogenesis was characterized by normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the yields were finally evaluated using electronic yield maps. At the third stage, the data were processed using the Stat and Microsoft Excel 2010 software package and AGROS-1 software (version 2.09-2.11/1993-2009). The main fertilizers were used at sowing and surface applied. Non-root feeding was also performed. Polymer fertilizers Vitanoll-NP (1 l/ha) and Vitanoll-micro (1Â l/ha) (Agromarket-24 LLC, Russia), a complex chelated fertilizer CHF (2 l/ha) (Agrophysical Research Institute, Russia), and a humic fertilizer Stimullife (0.3 l/ha) (Agrofizprodukt LLC, Russia) were used. It was found that only one agrochemical inhomogeneity of the field was partially leveled by the PFS-based differentiated introduction of fertilizers. Soil fertility, landscape profile and hydrological parameters (soil moisture availability) are shown to dominantly affect the spring wheat yield in the arid conditions of Kazakhstan. The changes in the agricultural landscape conditions due to the slope of the terrain, allows us to trace watercourses that characterize the productive moisture availability in a particular part of the field. On the basis of remote sensing data and coupled ground measurements used to precisely assess and record soil, landscape and soil moisture conditions, an algorithm has been developed to manage the yield formation process in plants. It is shown that the more precise the data analysis, the higher the effect of crop yield management. An increase in yield was approximately 10 % for a 5-ha plot grid and 2 times more for a 1-ha plot grid. The correlation revealed between the wheat yield and NDVI is strong and uneven as depends on the spatial direction, that is, the r values are 0.64-0.99 along the slope transect and 0.62-0.98 broadwise the field. A significant increase in yield was obtained both due to the differentiated application of mineral fertilizers, by 9.5Â % for the 5-ha grid and by 19.2 % the 1-ha grid, and due to timely non-root fertilizing, by 15-22.3 %. In general, our findings indicate the PFS prospects in the management of spring wheat productivity under the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan.

Amino acid composition of some plants growing in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Using gas chromatography, the amino acid composition of plants of the species Amaranthus retroflexus, Atriplex fera, Elytrígia répens, Bassia hyssopifolia, Xánthium strumárium, growing in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan was established. The plants studied contain a number of essential and partially replaceable amino acids, such as lysine, leucine and isoleucine, methionine, valine, threonine, arginine, histidine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. Glutamine amino acid, aspartic acid, alanine, arginine, leucine, and isoleucine are found in the largest quantities. Xánthium strumárium also contains a large amount of proline. For Amaranthus retroflexus, Atriplex fera, Elytrígia répens, Xánthium strumárium, 20 amino acids were detected, including traces of ornithine and hydroxyproline. For plants of the species Bassia hyssopifolia, the presence of 18 amino acids was recorded and it was noted that the accumulation of amino acids is lower compared to other species studied by us. The amino acid composition of plants growing in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan has its own characteristics. Differences in the qualitative and quantitative amino acid composition of the studied species were established with known data on plants growing in the climatic conditions of Northern Siberia and Southern Kazakhstan for Amaranthus retroflexus, Elytrígia répens, Xánthium strumárium.

Production of bioethanol from biomass in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan.

Production of bioethanol from biomass in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan.

Применение систем автоматического и параллельного вождения в сельскохозяйственном производстве республики Казахстан и эффективность их использования

Abstract. Precision farming systems are being intensively introduced into the agricultural production of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on the data of development firms and dealerships centers, precision farming allows the cost of fertilizing, seeds, plant protection products and fuels and lubricants to be reduced by an average of 20 %. In doing so, the possibilities of obtaining efficiency from the use of precision farming systems under certain conditions of their use have not been fully studied. The aim of the work was to determine the impact of parallel and automatic driving systems on the technical and operational as well as economic indices during comparative tests in the North Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research methods. During process of conducting comparative tests, the test conditions, agrotechnical, energy, operational and technological as well as economic indices of aggregates equipped with parallel and automatic driving systems and without systems were determined. All indices were determined in accordance with the requirements of current state standards. Results. In the article are presented the results of comparative tests of a self-moving sprayer on chemical weeding of wheat and flax crops, as well as a combine harvester for wheat harvesting in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The use of GPS navigation and automatic control on the chemical weeding of grain and oilseeds crops contributes to an increase in productivity by 14.6 %, reduction in specific energy consumption by 8 %, fuel consumption by 17.0 %, and working fluid consumption by 14.5 %. In doing so, the total cost of money is reduced by 9 %, the annual savings of the total cost of money is 6562.6 thousand tenge (1093.7 thousand rubles). Using a parallel driving system (GPS-navigation with a course indicator) for harvesting wheat leads to an increase productivity by 2.1 %, reduction of total cost of money by 3 %, labor costs and specific fuel consumption by 1.4 %, while the annual savings of total cost of money is 233.4 thousand tenge (38.9 thousand rubles). The scientific novelty. In the conditions of the Northern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the influence of parallel and automatic driving systems on the technical, operational and economic performance of machine-tractor units was studied for the first time.

The improvement of the type Karatomar of Black-and-White cattle breed under the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

In the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past decade positive changes have been observed in increasing the number of farm animals, increasing their productivity, and increasing the gross production of milk, meat and other products. At the same time the development of dairy cattle breeding is mainly due to the breeding of Black-and-White, Red Steppe, Simmental breeds and their intra-breed types as well as imported from abroad Holstein breed. The purpose of the research was to analyze ways to improve the intra-breed type Karatomar of Black-and-White breed in Northern Kazakhstan. Research work has been carried out on breeding animals such as Karatomar type cattle of Black-and-White breed in LLP “Experimental farm Zarechnoe” in the Kostanay district in the Kostanay region. The dynamics of growth and development indicators, reproductive traits of heifers of a new intra-breed type Karatomar of Black-and-White cattle have been studied. A comprehensive assessment of their economically useful traits in the first lactation, determined by the resistance of animals to climatic and forage conditions, the efficiency of breeding of animals of different genotypes has been conducted. It has been found that the replacement heifers – daughters of American breeding sires inherited precocity and showed higher growth energy after 6 months of age and continued to grow rapidly until 18 months. The advantage in metabolism was in the daughters of Holstein sires of the American selection Orbit 4078, and the increased immune status of the organism in the daughters of the sire of the domestic selection Yamal 975 as the most adapted to the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The best ability to increasing the milk yield, stable lactation activity, high milk productivity, gross content of dry matter and nonfat milk solids have been characterized by the daughters of sires of the American selection Orbit 4078 and Lowrider 4129. Analysis of economic indicators of milk production has been shown that from cows – daughters of sires Orbit 4078 and Lowrider 4129 for 305 days of lactation received 15,8 and 15,2 % more milk of base fat, the expenditures of EFU per 1 kg of production was lower by 10,2 and 5,9 %. A higher level of profitability has been observed in the group of daughters of the sires Orbit 4078 – 35,5 % and Lowrider 4129 – 33,1 %, which was 8,5 and 10,8 % higher than in the group of daughters of the sire Yamal 975.

Determination of the specific soil resistance using deep subsurface tillage in conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

The paper proposes a method for determining specific soil resistance and presents the results of the conducted research. One of the main limiting factors in determining the working width of the tillage implement is specific soil resistance. This indicator is a quantitative characteristic of the labor intensity of soil tillage. Therefore, when designing new machinery, it is necessary to have reliable data on its value. The data presented in the scientific literature on the value of specific soil resistance are average and do not take into account the parameters of tillage working tools. Therefore, the determination of specific soil resistance for working tools with known parameters is the current topic of scientific research. The purpose of the research is to determine the value of specific soil resistance for working tools with known parameters. The research method consists of the experimental determination of the total draft resistance of the tillage implement and further mathematical processing of the experimental data obtained on the basis of the rational formula of V.P. Goryachkin. To conduct experimental research, a laboratory unit was developed, the design of which eliminates the impact of its weight on the draft resistance, arising from the friction between the parts of the working tool and soil. It was found that for the soils under consideration, which are typical for Northern Kazakhstan, the specific soil resistance is k = 45908 N/m2. The obtained coefficient of variation υ < 10 % indicates a slight change in the considered variation. Therefore, the obtained value of the specific soil resistance is reliable. The results obtained will be used to substantiate the working width of the tillage implement with the working tools under consideration.

Propagation in the Conditions of In Vitro of Fruit and Berry Cultures for Conservation and Restoration Ancient Forms of Plants

Micropropagation of ancient plant forms and their accelerated replication for the purpose of creation of a basis of selection of fruit and berry cultures is a relevant task. For development of selection of fruit and berry cultures in the conditions of northern Kazakhstan, and for gardening improvement, local forms of plants are entered into the culture of in vitro. Test tube plants of cherry, currant, apricot are received. Various options of the MS environment with addition of the gibberelic acid (GA) in combination with the ascorbic acid (AA) are optimized. It is revealed that addition of gibberelic acid and ascorbic acid in concentration of 3 mg/l is more effective for propagation of blackcurrant

Rational Way of Forming Stubble Coulisses under North Kazakhstan Conditions

The main limiting factor for increasing yields in the arid steppe conditions of Northern Kazakhstan is moisture. Shoots are usually uneven due to the lack of moisture at the initial stage of their growing. The main source of moisture in this period is winter precipitation. Currently, the following methods of winter precipitation moisture accumulation are used in North Kazakhstan: leaving high standing stubble, seeding coulisses on pure fallow fields, herbicide (chemical) fallow field, snow ridging, harvesting of crops with continuous combining; and forming stubble coulisses. The most preferable way of increasing snow moisture accumulation is the formation of stubble coulisses that can be done in two ways.Research purpose Efficiency evaluation of the ways of forming stubble coulisses.Materials and methods Agroengineering and technological evaluation is used as a main research method of different ways of forming stubble coulisses, which is followed by the selection of a more preferable way.Results and discussion It has been found that in snowy winter both ways of forming stubble coulisses – with alternative passes of a direct combining reaper and a stripping reaper and using a direct combining reaper with a stripper adapter – have shown the same results. However, when there is a little snow in winter, the second way provides more intensive snow accumulation.Conclusions It has been experimentally found that using the direct combining reaper with the stripper adapter decreases labour inputs by 17.8% and total costs by 23.8% as compared to the formation of coulisses by using sequential passes of the direct combining and the stripping reapers. It has been found that the formation of stubble coulisses every 5-9 meters along with in-line para-plowing at a depth of up to 35 cm provides the highest yield increase of in snowy winter as compared to the conventional ways of moisture accumulation.

Влияние сроков посева и норм высева на продуктивность льна масличного в условиях Северного Казахстана

Влияние сроков посева и норм высева на продуктивность льна масличного в условиях Северного Казахстана