The co-combustion behaviours and the synergistic effects between coal and lignocellulosic biomass, and coal and hemicellulose/cellulose/lignin were investigated under a high heating rate condition. The temperatures of the tested samples were obtained with the radiant energy analysis technology. The results show that all the samples ignite homogeneously. The synergistic effects between bituminous coal and peanut shell during the devolatilization process promote the homogeneous ignition and char ignition of the bituminous coal and peanut shell mixtures. The synergistic effects between bituminous coal and cellulose during the devolatilization process promote the homogeneous ignition of the mixtures, which results in the synergistic effects between bituminous coal and peanut shell on the homogeneous ignition and char ignition of the mixtures of bituminous coal and peanut shell. The synergistic effects between bituminous coal and lignin inhibit the char ignition of the mixtures of bituminous coal and lignin, but are not obvious on the char ignition of the mixtures of bituminous coal and peanut shell.