Conditions Of Forest-steppe Research Articles

Combining ability and inheritance of yield-related traits in F1 of winter barley under conditions of Ukrainian Forest-Steppe

Purpose. To determine the peculiarities of the manifestation of combining ability and the mode of inheritance of yield-related traits in winter barley and to identify genetic sources and promising hybrid combinations for further breeding efforts under conditions of Ukrainian Forest-steppe. Methods. The research was conducted in 2018/19 and 2021/22 at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. In accordance with generally accepted methods, the degree of phenotypic dominance, heterobeltiosis and effects of general combining ability in the top-cross hybrids of winter barley for key yield components were determined. Results. The variability of the manifestation level of the studied traits in parental components and hybrids in different years were established. According to the indicator of the degree of phenotypic dominance, the variability of the character of inheritance was revealed depending on the traits, hybrid combinations and growing conditions. Hybrid combinations with positive overdominance and dominance of individual yield components were highlighted. In particular, according to plant productivity these combination are: ‘Scarpia’ / ‘MIP Darii’, ‘Scarpia’ / ‘MIP Korsar’, ‘Aborygen’ / ‘MIP Corsar’, ‘Titus’ / ‘MIP Status’, ‘MIP Yanus’ / ‘MIP Status’, ‘Titus’ / ‘Paladin Myronivskyi’, ‘Maybrit’ / ‘Paladin Myronivskyi’ ‘MIP Yanus’ / ‘Paladin Myronivskyi’. The varieties with increased effects of general combining ability for yield-related traits under different growing conditions were distinguished. As follows: productive tillering – ‘Scarpia’, ‘MIP Darii’; grain number per ear – ‘MIP Yanus’, ‘MIP Hladiator’, ‘MIP Status’; 1000 grain weight – ‘Titus’, ‘MIP Korsar’, ‘MIP Status’; grain weight per plant – ‘MIP Yanus’, ‘MIP Status’, ‘MIP Darii’. Conclusions. Selected hybrid combinations with positive overdominance and dominance are of practical value for further breeding to increase individual components and plant productivity in general. The varieties with increased effects of general combining ability are valuable genetic sources for involvement in crossing for improving the certain traits.

Evaluation of the effect of pre-sowing treatment of grain sorghum seeds with fungicides on the development of blotches in the forest-steppe of the Samara Region

Relevance. It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of modern fungicides and their effect on the development of leaf infections of grain sorghum in order to optimize plant protection against diseases. Methods. The studies were carried out in the fields of the Volga Scientific Research Institute of Selection and Seed-Growing named after P.N. Konstantinov on grain sorghum variety Premiere in 2014–2016. Leaf diseases were estimated by eye in the field during the phases of flowering, milky, waxy, and full grain ripeness. The average lesion of each plant was evaluated, and the prevalence and intensity of disease development was established. Seeds were treated immediately before sowing. Biological effectiveness of the studied fungicides was determined by prevalence and intensity of disease development. Results. Analysis of leaves showed that quite a wide complex of pathogens belonging to the kingdom of fungi caused blotches on sorghum leaves. Mycelium and spores of fungi Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Helminthosporium sp. and others were detected on the affected leaves in the stain area. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the development of the fungal leaf blotches in sorghum in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Samara region considerably depends on hydrothermal conditions of the year: the more arid are conditions of May and June, the higher amount of precipitation and thelower temperature is in July, the higher is leaf blotch infestation of sorghum. Seed pretreatment with fungicides suppressed fungal leaf blotch development in the Premiere variety by 13.6–47.0 % in 2014, 6.9–62.2 % – in 2015, and 3.5–53.7 % – in 2016. At the same time, the highest biological efficacy showed treatment of seeds with fungicides of contact-system action “Fundazol” and “Vitaros”; was 25.0–75.0 % in prevalence and 26.2–62.2 % in the intensity of leaf blotch development.

Source material for potato breeding for productivity in the forest-steppe conditions of Novosibirsk Priobye

. The authors studied the potato collection in 2019-2021 as part of a comprehensive research plan for the implementation of the subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production” based on SibNIIRS - a branch of the ICG SB RAS (Siberian Research Institute of Plant Growing and Breeding - a component of the Federal Research Center of the Institute of Cytology and genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences). The study aims to determine adaptive and high-yield potato varieties and their suitability for breeding. The authors presented the results of a survey of 13 potato varieties distinguished by productivity. The foreign variety Gala was taken as a standard since it is in the top ten cultivated areas in the Russian Federation.In 2019, the standard variety Gala had the highest yield among the tested varieties - 1653 g/bed. In 2020, all the studied varieties exceeded the standard; the authors note the maximum productivity in the following types: Terra (1067 g/bush), Kumach (1076 g/bush), and Prizer (1081 g/bush). In the last year of the study, two varieties significantly exceeded the standard variety: Terra (1280 g/bushel) and Sadon (1377 g/bushel). On average, over three years, the highest productivity was noted in the variety Alaska (1229 g / bush). Over the years of the study, 46% of the studied types distinguished themselves by their high productive ability and had an adaptability coefficient of more than 1. The authors note the highest value of the adaptability index in the variety Alaska (1.07). High marketability of tubers (over 97%) was observed in 11 out of 13 tested types. Low fertility and lack of natural berry formation in widely productive potato varieties make it difficult to use them in breeding for high productivity. In the foreststeppe conditions of the Novosibirsk Priob’ye region, the following types are suitable for breeding for increased productivity as pollinators: Salsa, Signal, and Gala having fertility from 50 to 90%. The authors also noted high natural berry production (7–9 points) in four varieties: Sadon, Prizer, Signal, and Gala. These varieties are recommended for the breeding process as mother plants.

The state and prospects of growing varieties of garden strawberries in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan

In our country, the productivity of strawberries ranges from 2 to 10 t/ha and is limited mainly by unfavorable soil and climatic conditions and genetic imperfection of the zoned assortment. So according to employees of the State Export Commission and research institutions, some varieties of strawberries are able to produce 20-30 in different regions. The purpose of our research was to study the biological characteristics of varieties of garden strawberries in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan and to identify promising varieties to improve the assortment. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the fruit and berry nursery of the Educational and Scientific Center of the Bashkir State Agrarian University, located in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The objects of research were varieties of garden strawberries adapted to local conditions and completely new to our zone: Festival, Kimberly, Zenga-Zengana, Clery, Alba, Asia, Roxana. The zoned assortment of garden strawberries does not fully meet the modern requirements of industrial and amateur gardening. Varieties with a high level of adaptability to abiotic and biotic stresses are needed, suitable for fresh consumption and for technical processing. Currently, the selection of new varieties, an integrated approach to the study of garden strawberries, the assessment of the genetic potential of varieties, their resistance to major diseases and pests, as well as adverse environmental factors, is of particular relevance. In this regard, the identification of varieties with the necessary economic and valuable characteristics will make it possible to effectively cultivate strawberries in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The productivity of garden strawberries in the studied years (2019-2021) depended on the variety, the age of the plantings and weather conditions during the growing season. The duration of flowering of strawberry varieties for an average of three years was 11-14 days. The longest flowering was observed in the Roxana variety. Early fruit ripening, on average for three years (2019-2021), was typical for the Festival variety (June 15-16). Later, the berries began to ripen in the Roxana variety. The highest yield, on average for three years, was in the Kimberly variety (20.8 t/ ha), the lowest – in the Festival variety (12.8 t/ha). The best indicators of the tasting evaluation were noted in the varieties Kimberly and Asia.

МАТРИКАЛЬНА РІЗНОЯКІСНІСТЬ НАСІННЯ ТА БІОМЕТРИЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ РОСЛИН СОЇ

Abstract The aim of the research was to establish the patterns of soybean plants formation, depending on the matrix diversity of the sown seeds. Methods. Field experiments were conducted in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine (Kyiv agro-soil district of the right-bank forest-steppe). Factors of the experiment: factor A – variety (A1 – «Kyivska 98»; A2 – «Chernyatka»); factor B – the place of sown seed formation on the mother plant (B1 – lower tier (1–5th stem nodes), B2 – middle tier (6–10th stem nodes), B3 – upper tier (11th stem node and above), B4 – lateral branches). Soy was grown according to the technology traditional for the region, with the exception of the elements included in the experiment scheme. The influence of the studied factors on the growth of soybean plants was established by determining biometric indicators during the analysis of the sample bundle. The results. The analysis of plant height data indicates that the tallest plants of both soybean varieties were sown with seeds that were formed in the lower layer of the mother plants. The higher the sown grain was formed on the mother plant, the lower the plants that developed from it were. There is an inverse correlation between the height (tier) of seed formation on the mother plant and the height of the plants of the next generation, expressed by the correlation coefficient r = –0.517. Our analysis shows the existence of weak inverse correlation dependence between the place of seed formation on the mother plant and the number of nodes on the main stem in plants of the next generation: r = –0.504. A tighter inverse relationship exists between the place of seed formation on the mother plant and the number of nodes with beans on the main stem in plants of the next generation: r = –0.762. Correlation analysis indicates that the height of attachment of the lower beans, according to the experimental data we obtained, is connected by a direct correlation, expressed by the coefficient r = 0.913, with the height of plants and an average inverse correlation with the place (tier) of seed formation on the mother plant (r = –0.517). Conclusions. On the basis of experimental data, it was established that in the conditions of the Right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine, biometric indicators of soybean plants depend on the variety, the place of seed formation on the mother plant, as well as on other conditions. Sowing with seeds formed in the lower tier of the main stem of mother plants causes the formation of plants with maximum plant height indicators (84.4 cm in «Kyivska 98» variety and 81.2 cm in «Chernyatka» variety), stem thickness at the root neck (6.1 mm in plants of «Kyivska 98» variety and 6.3 mm in plants of «Chernyatka» variety), the height of attachment of lower beans (17.9 cm in plants of «Kyivska 98» variety, 18.1 cm in plants of «Сhernyatka» variety). There is an inverse correlation between the height (tier) of seed formation on the mother plant and the height of the next generation plants, expressed by the correlation coefficient r = –0.517. There is an inverse correlation r = –0.782 between the tier of seed formation on the mother plant and the thickness of the stems near the root neck in the next generation plants. The height of attachment of the lower beans is connected by a direct correlation, expressed by the coefficient r = 0.913, with the height of plants and an average inverse correlation with the place (tier) of seed formation on the mother plant (r = –0.598). Key words: soybean, seeds, biometric indicators, diversity.

Black germ of wheat in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

Black germ is a ubiquitous disease of wheat, which, without particularly affecting crop yields, can affect the parameters of the technological evaluation of grain. Until now, there is no consensus on the nature of the occurrence of this disease. In our study, we studied the relationship between the visible symptoms of damage by a black germ and infection of seeds of spring soft wheat samples with fungi of the genera Alternaria and Biporalis in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The phytopathological analysis of asymptomatic and black-embryonic grains revealed in the latter a significant excess of infestation with p. Alternaria fungi in two out of ten samples. There were no differences in seed infection with p. Biporalis micromycetes between the variants. Only in one sample, the germination of seeds with manifested symptoms of the disease was lower than in visually healthy ones. The percentage of germination of other varieties and lines in both variants did not differ statistically significantly.

FEATURES OF THE MANIFESTATION OF BIOMETRIC INDICATORS IN VARIETIES AND BREEDING LINES OF BREAD WINTER WHEAT ON THE AUTUMN VEGETATION DORMANCY ONSET DATE IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

FEATURES OF THE MANIFESTATION OF BIOMETRIC INDICATORS IN VARIETIES AND BREEDING LINES OF BREAD WINTER WHEAT ON THE AUTUMN VEGETATION DORMANCY ONSET DATE IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Комплексна оцінка впливу основного обробітку ґрунту та удобрення на елементи структури, урожайність зерна і зеленої маси кукурудзи

Purpose of the study: To investigate the impact of primary soil tillage practices and fertilization variants on the yield of maize hybrids grown for grain and silage production in a grain-legume crop rotation, aiming to achieve high grain yield and green biomass for silage under the conditions of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Research methods: field, laboratory, comparative, analysis, summarization, mathematical-statistical. Results. The article presents the research results on the cultivation of maize hybrids for grain and silage production, employing various primary soil tillage techniques and different fertilization methods. The impact of these agronomic practices on grain yield and green biomass intended for silage has been examined. The conducted studies revealed that for the maize hybrid «Monica 350 MV», the optimal approach involved plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm with the application of 40 t/ha of manure + N100P110K100 fertilizers. This method achieved a grain yield of 9.18 t/ha. Conversely, utilizing the disc harrow «AG-2.4» at a depth of 15-17 cm with the same fertilizer variant resulted in a lower yield of 8.64 t/ha. Regarding the cultivation of the S3825 hybrid for green biomass intended for silage, the most effective method was plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm along with N120P130K120 fertilization. Under these conditions, the yield of green biomass during the milk-waxy – early waxy ripeness phase reached 45.9 t/ha. Using the disc harrow «AG-2.4» at a depth of 15-17 cm with the maximum amount of fertilizers in our research led to a yield of 43.4 t/ha. Conclusion. The influence of the tillage method on the elements of the corn yield structure was established. Strong changes in the size of the elements of the corn yield structure, are observed depending on the fertilization options. It was noted that with the growth of fertilizer rates, their effectiveness decreases. Tillage had a less effect than fertilization on the level of yield of green mass of corn per silage. However, cultural plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm had a significant advantage in terms of the yield of green mass of corn per silage, compared to cultivation with a disc unit «AG 2.4» to a depth of 15-17 cm. Thus, it can be assumed that an increase in the depth of soil cultivation contributes to an increase in productivity green mass of corn for silage. Application of high rates of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in the yield of green mass of corn per silage. A trend has been established to increase the efficiency of fertilizer use on variants with soil cultivation by the «AG 2.4» disk unit. The highest efficiency of fertilizers was observed on the variant with the application of N90P100K90. Key words: maize, soil tillage, fertilization, productivity elements, grain yield, green biomass yield.

Efficiency of microfertilizer application to medicinal plants grown under conditions of southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers (zinc and copper) in the cultivation of perennial medicinal crops (Achillea millefoliumL.,Tanacetum vulgareL.,Echinacea purpureaL.) on meadow-chernozem soil in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. It was found that the most effective forAchillea millefoliumwas the application of copper fertilizers in the soil at a dose of Cu9.7, providing an increase in yield by 43.2 % relative to background; forTanacetum vulgare –zinc fertilizers at a dose of Zn60(+42.9 % relative to background) and forEchinacea purpureacopper fertilizers at a dose of Cu9.4(+60.3 % relative to background).

Fungicidal treatment of sunflower in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Fungicidal treatment of sunflower in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan

ANALYSIS OF VALUABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF DOMESTIC VARIETIES OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT AS A SOURCE MATERIAL FOR THE SELECTION OF NEW HIGH-YIELDING VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE IVANIVSKA RESEARCH AND SELECTION STATION

The article highlights the results of a study of the breeding value for a number of main economic and valuable traits (plant height, weight of 1000 grains, yield) of twenty-five varieties of soft winter wheat of domestic selection at the collection yard of the Ivanovska research and breeding station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It is noted that the organization and technology of growing soft winter wheat on the plots of the collection nursery of the Ivanivska research and selection station corresponds to the generally accepted classical methods, which are widely used in breeding practice in the process of creating soft winter wheat plots and in the research case. It was established that all studied varieties of the lutescens type compared to the standard (Pearl of the forest-steppe) have an average of 16% higher plant height, 4% greater mass of 1000 grains and significantly – 44%, higher yield than the standard. It was established that 75% of the studied variety samples of the erythrospermum type compared to the standard (Poliska 90) are more stunted, characterized by 10–20% less mass of 1000 grains, at the same time in terms of yield, 94% of the investigated varietal samples of this variety exceed the standard – on average by almost 24%. It has been shown that the soft winter wheat of the lutescens type – Trudivnytsia Myronivska, Privitna and Pishna, the type of the erythrospermum variety Lyutenka combine low height with high ear productivity and yield, therefore they are valuable raw materials as donors for short stem and high productivity for further selection work aimed at creating new highly adaptive varieties of soft winter wheat with high yield and grain quality in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Ukraine. It is shown that practically all studied varieties of soft winter wheat of domestic selection can serve as sources for further selection practice, and can also be used in production crops as promising for the southern Forest Steppe of Ukraine in terms of productivity.

FORMATION OF THE ASSIMILATING SURFACE BY SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF NUTRITIONAL CONDITIONS AND RETARDANTS

Crop productivity management includes parameters that characterize the activity of the assimilating plant surface and ensure the formation of dry matter. The characteristic of agrocenosis plants includes not only the value of the leaf surface area, but also the parameters of the distribution of leaves on the plant, their number and layering. Attention is also paid to the study of the distribution of assimilants synthesized in the leaf mass of different leaf tiers to other vegetative and generative organs of the plant. These factors entail a problem associated with a decrease in the level of provision of sunflower plants with an assimilating surface. It can be solved by selection to increase the shade tolerance of the lower tier of leaves of new varieties and hybrids of the crop and by optimizing individual elements of the cultivation technology. In particular, the improvement of nutritional conditions and the use of growth regulators. The use of retardants can ensure the formation of a powerful assimilating apparatus that determines the productivity of a crop. This is explained by the ability of the latter to influence the morphogenesis of the plant, and, accordingly, the intensity of the photosynthesis process, the redistribution of the synthesized substances, nutrients, providing an increase in yield, oil yield and its quality. The purpose of the research was to identify the influence of nutritional conditions, retardant on the activity of the assimilating surface of sunflower hybrids in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The studies were carried out in a separate division of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" on typical low-humus chernozems with a humus content of 4.32%. Soil supply with nitrogen is low, potassium and phosphorus - medium. Experience is threefold. Factor A – sunflower hybrids (RGT Wollf, Alzan, ES Bella, Lime); factor B - fertilizer (calculation of planned yields by the balance method); factor C - application of the Setar retardant (ВВСН 30-32, 0.5 l/ha). Fertilizers were applied according to the scheme of the experiment: nitrogen – for pre-sowing cultivation, phosphorus and potasium at primary tillage. The determination of the leaf surface area was carried out by scanning, followed by the calculation of plant density per ha. The photosynthetic potential was determined by the calculation method. The results of the conducted research during 2021-2022 shave shown that with the growth and development of plants, a gradual increase in the area of sunflower plant leaves of all hybrids studied was observed. The parameters of the leaf surface changed at all stages of plant development, depending on the genetic characteristics of the hybrid and the nutritional conditions that were created by the fertilizer options. Microstages 64-68 were characterized by the maximum indicators of the assimilating surface of sunflower plants, which varied in the range of 39.3-47.9 thousand m2/ha. Subsequently, there was a decrease in the leaf surface of plants as a result of the death of the lower leaf blades. The area of leaves, depending on the variant of the experiment, at 74-78 microstages of development decreased by 6.3-10.2 thousand m2/ha. The indicators in the context of variants varied from 32.8–37.7 thousand m2/ha. The highest results were obtained on the variant with the introduction of N120P80K180. This relationship was observed in all hybrids that we studied. When using the Setar retardant (0.5 l/ha) on sunflower, there was a tendency to increase the leaf area by 1.5–6.8 % compared to the variants without treatment. The maximum indicators of leaf surface area when comparing hybrids were obtained for all variants of fertilizer and at all stages of development of sunflower plants of the RGT Wollf hybrid. The calculation of the photosynthetic potential at certain stages of development of sunflower plants showed an increase in indicators with an increase in fertilizer application rates. In the period 34-58 microstages of development, the photosynthetic potential changed depending on the variant of the experiment from 1.058 to 1.358 million m2/ha day. Indicators of the photosynthetic potential of crops decreased and varied from 1.188 to 1.292 million m2/ha day at BBCH 58-68. The use of the retatardant Setar provided an increase in performance compared with the options without one. Maximum leaf area were obtained on the variants of the hybrid RGT Wolf. Correlation analysis between indicators of leaf area and sunflower yield indicates a direct positive correlation with correlation coefficients in the context of hybrids 0.977-0.987.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PREDECESSOR AND SOWING DATES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEED INFECTION OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PREDECESSOR AND SOWING DATES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEED INFECTION OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

The effect of mineral fertilizers and pesticides on the yield and quality of spring barley grain in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

The study was conducted in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe on leached chernozem. The scheme of the experiment included the introduction of ammonium nitrate and azophoska. The spring barley protection scheme was studied, represented by the preparations Hat Trick, SC, Ballerina Super, SE, Lastik Extra, CE, Reggie, VRK, Baliy, KME, Borey Neo, SC. The repetition of the experience is 4 – fold. The registered area of the plot is 45 m2. Seeding rate - 5.0 mln. The humus content in the soil was determined in accordance with GOST 26213-84, nitrate nitrogen according to GOST 26951-86, mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium - according to GOST 26204-91. The protein content in the grain was carried out in accordance with GOST 10846-91, the nature of the grain - GOST 10840-64, the mass of 1000 grains - GOST 10842-89. Preliminary studies have established that the maximum yield of barley was obtained with the introduction of azofoski (N60P60K60) and the use of protective equipment - 5.93 t/ha, compared with the control, the increase was 1.82 t/ha or 30.6%. The highest value of the protein content was noted when azofoski was applied - 13.40%. The pre-sowing application of azofoski and the use of plant protection products increased the mass of 1000 grains by 3.2 - 4.8 g, the grain nature by 18 - 26 g/l compared with the control.

THE FORMATION OF A CROP OF MEADOW GRASSES FOR CLIPPINGS DEPENDING ON THE TECHNOLOGICAL MEASURES OF CULTIVATION

High-performance animal husbandry is impossible without the creation of a fodder base, in the formation of which an important place is assigned to the effective use of natural fodder phytocenoses. The theoretical aspects of the formation of their high productivity and nutrition, including at different clippings, are not fully elucidated today. Field research was carried out during 2014-2016 in the conditions of SS NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" on typical low-humus chernozem. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of technological methods of growing meadow grasses on the formation of the yield of meadow grasses and their distribution along the clippings in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ucraine. It was established that alfalfa and alfalfa-cereal grass stands are characterized by the best distribution of the harvest along clippings, regardless of fertilization, in which the share of the total yield in the first clippings was 40-42 %, in the second - 32-33 %, and in the third - 25-27 % due to unevenness in the range of 21-26 %, while on cereal grass - respectively, 50-51 %, 31-34, 15-19 % and irregularly - 48-55 %. During the formation of the first clippings, the increase in the productivity of the sown grass stands occurs before the onset of the flowering phase of the dominant components. The maximum daily increases in dry matter (96-149 kg/ha) and the net productivity of photosynthesis (2.58-3.52 g/m2 day) are observed in the phase of branching and budding of alfalfa and alfalfa-cereal grass stands with the application of P60K90 and in the period from the end the phase of emergence into the tube before the beginning of earing of the dominant cereals on the cereal grass stand with the introduction of N60P60K90. The leaf surface index reached maximum values (37.2-45.1 thousand m2/ha) with the onset of the earing phase in dominant cereals and budding in legumes with a share of leaves in the structure of the grass stand at the level of 29-49 %. In leguminous-cereal grass stands, the leaf surface and foliage during the vegetation phases after reaching the maximum values decrease more slowly than in cereals.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MEADOW GRASS FEED DEPENDS ON TECHNOLOGICAL GROWING FACTORS

An important role in the creation of a strong fodder base for animal husbandry belongs to the improvement of the efficiency of the use of natural fodder lands.The latter are a source of economically profitable grass feed, well balanced in terms of protein, mineral substances and vitamins, and also act as a factor in improving the ecological situation in agricultural landscapes, protecting soils from erosion and water sources from siltation and pollution. In Ukraine, the area of grassland is about 7.8 million hectares, of which 1 million hectares are in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe.However, today their fodder production and environmental protection capabilities are not used to their full extent, since the technological methods used in the creation and use of sown grass stands are usually too energy- and resource-consuming. The relevance of scientific research on increasing the production potential of onion pasture lands is especially growing at the current stage of the European integration of our country into the EU countries, where the requirements for the quality and safety of fodder are very high.An important parameter of the quality and safety of plant feeds is their mineral composition. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of technological methods of growing alfalfa-cereal grass mixtures on the chemical composition of fodder in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe.

GGE Biplot Elucidation of Spring Barley Yield Performance under Multivarious Conditions of Ukraine

The present study aims to elucidate the peculiarities of yield performance and stability of spring barley cultivars in the multi-environment trial. Thirty six spring barley cultivars widespread in production conditions of Ukraine were tested in three different natural zones in three years. The strong cross-over genotype by environment interaction was revealed not only through different natural zones, but also in individual ecological niches in different years. The cultivars with high yield and stability have been identified. The most adapted to the conditions of Forest-Steppe were the cultivars MIP Bohun, MIP Myrnyi, MIP Saliut, MIP Azart; of Polissia - Avhur, MIP Myrnyi, Mirazh, Skarb, Alehro; of Steppe - Skarb and Sviatomykhailivskyi, Alehro, Krok, Statok. The cultivars MIP Myrnyi, Skarb, Avhur, MIP Saliut, and MIP Bohun could be highlighted as genotypes with relatively wide adaptability. Thus, the combination of these cultivars in production conditions can be considered as the most optimal for all natural zones of Ukraine. Our results also contribute to the further understanding the yield performance of spring barley in the genotype by environment interaction depend on different environmental and weather conditions. The cultivars distinguished in this study have a high value in plant breeding as genetic sources for developing new spring barley strains with increased adaptive potential for conditions of Ukraine and some other East European countries.

Effectiveness of foliar fertilizing spring oilseed rape in the forest-steppe conditions of central black earth economic region of Russia

Trace elements are involved in almost all processes of plant life, despite the fact that they need very small amounts. The lack of trace elements in the soil does not lead to the death of plants, but is the cause of a decrease in the rate of their development. In the end, the plants do not realize their capabilities and give a low and low-quality crop. To solve this problem quickly, you can use foliar fertilizing with microfertilizers. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of foliar fertilizing at different times with new types of complex microfertilizers on the productivity of spring rapeseed and the quality of its oilseeds.The experiments were carried out in the Lipetsk Region in Russia in 2019 and 2020 on Rif spring oilseed rape variety. Three types of fertilization during oilseed rape vegetative development were studied: a rosette stage, a bud-formation stage, and overlapping rosette + budding stage. The following agrochemical preparations were studied: Microel (0.2 L/ha), Life Force (0.4 L/ha), Boroplus (0.75 L/ha), Plantafol 20:20:20 (1 kg/ha), Plantafol 5: 15:45 (1 kg/ha) and Lignohumate (0.15 L/ha). The research results showed that processing foliar fertilization in the rosette stage with further feeding in the bud-formation phase were most effective. Because of the provision with microelements, vegetative plants were able to synthesize a full complex of enzymes. Plantafol 20:20:20 and Plantafol 5:15:45 micronutrient fertilizers provided the maximum increase in the rapeseed yield with double-spray processing, yielding 2.05 and 1.94 t/ha, respectively, and exceeding the control crops by 0.64 and 0.53 t/ha, respectively.

The productivity of trellis cucumber and economic efficiency depend on the number of hillings of plants in the Forest-Steppe conditions of Ukraine

The productivity of trellis cucumber and economic efficiency depend on the number of hillings of plants in the Forest-Steppe conditions of Ukraine

Growth and productivity of energy plantations of poplars in the Right-Bank Forest Steppe conditions

Purpose. To determine the features of the growth of an energy plantation of poplar variety ‘Robusta’ on leached chernozems in the conditions of the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. One-year lignified cuttings 25 cm long and 0.8–1.0 cm in diameter were used as planting material. The designed layout of planting places: 2.0x0.8 m (more density version) and 2.0x0.9 m (more sparse version). After the first year of cultivation, the studied plots had the same height (1.6 m). During the second growing season, their growth in height was 2.0±0.05 m in the more sparse version, and 2.1±0.05 m in the thicker version. After the first year, the diameter at a height of 1.3 m was greater in the thicker version (0.5 cm versus 0.3 cm), but already in the next year, the trees of the more sparse stand became 2 mm thicker, and this difference persisted in the third year, when the average diameter of the trees of the denser version was 5.8 cm, and of the sparser — 6.2 cm. As a result of the higher diameter of trees of the more sparse version, they had a higher weight of the average tree, but due to the smaller number of trees, their productivity was lower. So, after three years of growing a poplar plantation created by cuttings, one hectare can yield 11.66–14.58 tons of dry biomass, or 207.5–259.5 GJ of energy. A sharp increase in morphometric indicators during the third year of cultivation indicates the feasibility of using a longer period of cultivation of such plantations to obtain the maximum amount of biomass. Conclusions. The study of a three-year energy plantation of the ‘Robusta’ variety, created by one-year lignified cuttings on the leached soils of the Right Bank Forest Steppe, with the placement of planting sites 2.0 x 0.8 m and 2.0 x 0.8 m, showed that after three years of growing a poplar plantation, one hectare can get 11.66–14.58 tons of dry biomass, or 207.5–259.5 GJ of energy. A significant increase in growth indicators and biomass productivity of poplar plantations during the third year of cultivation indicates the feasibility of using a 4–6-year period of cultivation of such plantations to obtain the maximum amount of biomass.