ANALYSIS OF VALUABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF DOMESTIC VARIETIES OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT AS A SOURCE MATERIAL FOR THE SELECTION OF NEW HIGH-YIELDING VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE IVANIVSKA RESEARCH AND SELECTION STATION

Abstract

The article highlights the results of a study of the breeding value for a number of main economic and valuable traits (plant height, weight of 1000 grains, yield) of twenty-five varieties of soft winter wheat of domestic selection at the collection yard of the Ivanovska research and breeding station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It is noted that the organization and technology of growing soft winter wheat on the plots of the collection nursery of the Ivanivska research and selection station corresponds to the generally accepted classical methods, which are widely used in breeding practice in the process of creating soft winter wheat plots and in the research case. It was established that all studied varieties of the lutescens type compared to the standard (Pearl of the forest-steppe) have an average of 16% higher plant height, 4% greater mass of 1000 grains and significantly – 44%, higher yield than the standard. It was established that 75% of the studied variety samples of the erythrospermum type compared to the standard (Poliska 90) are more stunted, characterized by 10–20% less mass of 1000 grains, at the same time in terms of yield, 94% of the investigated varietal samples of this variety exceed the standard – on average by almost 24%. It has been shown that the soft winter wheat of the lutescens type – Trudivnytsia Myronivska, Privitna and Pishna, the type of the erythrospermum variety Lyutenka combine low height with high ear productivity and yield, therefore they are valuable raw materials as donors for short stem and high productivity for further selection work aimed at creating new highly adaptive varieties of soft winter wheat with high yield and grain quality in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Ukraine. It is shown that practically all studied varieties of soft winter wheat of domestic selection can serve as sources for further selection practice, and can also be used in production crops as promising for the southern Forest Steppe of Ukraine in terms of productivity.