Conditions Of Forest-steppe Research Articles

FEATURES OF GROWING VEGETABLE BEANS IN THE OPEN GROUND

The cultivation of green beans is restrained, first of all, by the lack of adapted elements of cultivation technology. In order to realize the biological potential of green beans in the soil and climatic conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine, the varietal characteristics of the plant and compliance with the elements of technology are important, namely: pre-sowing preparation of seed material, the timing of sowing in open ground, and the fight against pests. In the State register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine, 68 varieties suitable for cultivation in open and closed soil are registered. All varieties are characterized by a high content of important biochemical compounds and are divided by the degree of ripeness into early, medium and late. Modern farms are interested in the use of promising varieties, and therefore there is a need for their brief detailing. In the forest-steppe zone of the right bank of Ukraine, the varieties Ros, Slavia, Galactica, Lastivka, and White Yas should be considered the most promising for growing green beans. The specified varieties contain a high protein content, and therefore their introduction into production can ensure the collection of protein at the level of 0.57-1.11 t/ha with a total yield of 2.0-4.0 t/ha, provided that the main elements of the technology are observed. Sowing dates are determined, first of all, by the temperature and humidity of the soil. The first term is established after the end of spring frosts, when the temperature of +10...+12 ºС is reached at a depth of 8-10 cm in the soil. In the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, beans are approximately sown on May 5-15, in Polissia - on May 5-20, in the steppe zone - on April 20-May 15. For rapid seed germination and intensive plant growth and development, the best soil moisture is 75-80% RH. With a lack of moisture, the seeds germinate slowly, seedlings will be uneven, the growth and development of plants slows down, and in dry weather, dwarf plants are formed. Obtaining high-quality products is possible with proper control of weeds, pests and diseases. The most common diseases of beans are anthracnose, root rot, fusarium, alternaria, and bacteriosis. The primary element in the fight against diseases is to observe crop rotation and sowing with high-quality seeds. If necessary, spraying is carried out during the growing season with preparations based on azoxystrobin or tebuconazole. Among the biofungicides, you can use FitoHelp or MycoHelp. The main pest of green beans is considered to be bean weevil, to prevent the spread of which crops should be treated with insecticides with the active substances lambda-cyhalothrin or bifenthrin at the beginning of flowering and after 8-10 days, or use bioinsecticides Actoverm formula or Actoverm 1.8%.

In situ and ex situ variability of phenological and morphological features in Caltha palustris L. under the conditions of the West Siberian forest steppe

Background. Caltha palustris L. is known as a medicinal, food, and ornamental plant. It is a circumboreal species, and hygrohelophyte. Due to its ecological specificity, this plant can be used to study the response to an abrupt change in environments. The goal was to assess the variance in phenological and morphological features of C. palustris in the forest steppe of Western Siberia.Materials and methods. Phenotypic characters of the native population and the accessions introduced from Kemerovo Province and Altai Territory were studied. Phenological observations followed a well-known technique for herbaceous perennials. Morphometric data were processed in the PAST program using statistical indicators: the arithmetic mean with an error (M ± mM), minimum and maximum values of the trait (lim), and coefficient of variation (Cv). Significance of differences was assessed using Student’s t-test (Pt) at a 5% significance level. For traits deviating from the normal distribution, the significance of differences was assessed using the Mann–Whitney criterion (PMW) by median values of the trait (Me) at the same 5% level.Results and conclusions. The accessions varied significantly in the timing and duration of phenophases. Plants in the native population grew later and bloomed for a long time because of the variation in microconditions. Ex situ plants produced the second generation of rosette shoots and were capable of long vegetating, but the Altai accession differed in later growth and shorter phenophases. All accessions significantly differed in morphological characteristics of the shoot, except for flower size. The introduced accessions were inferior to the native ones in shoot height, leaf size, and number of flowers due to non-optimal cultivation environments. Since C. palustris demonstrated high individual and interpopulation variability, it is promising to study this species in different natural populations and select the most ornamental and sustainable accessions.

Dynamics of the Content of Nutrients in Agrochernozem during the Cultivation of Ginger Seed

In the field experiment, the food regime of agrochernozem was studied during the cultivation of the seed ginger (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) in the conditions of the Kansk forest-steppe of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The predominant absorption and removal of nitrate nitrogen and exchangeable potassium by the culture determined the low availability of 0–40 cm of mineral nitrogen in the soil layer (5–6 mg/kg) while maintaining an average and very high availability of exchangeable potassium (87–158 mg/kg). It is shown that the largest share of the return to the soil after harvesting the ginger was accounted for by N and P (50–37%). With root and crop residues, nitrogen – 70, phosphorus – 19 and potassium – 51 kg/ha were returned to the soil. Agrochernozems of the Kansk forest-steppe, without additional fertilization, are able to provide a sufficient level of phosphorus and potassium nutrition in ginger crops.

The effectiveness of new generation herbicides in reducing the contamination of spring rape crops in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

Results. The results on the effectiveness of herbicides of a new generation in reducing the contamination of hybrids of spring rapeseed of German selection of Licorice and Cultus CL in the soil and climatic conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe are presented. The research was carried out at the pilot site of the Borsky training and production complex of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University (2021–2022) field experiments to study the effect of herbicides on weed vegetation and the yield of oilseeds of new spring rapeseed hybrids in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The objects of research are herbicides of the chemical class imidazolinones. The species composition of the weed vegetation of rapeseed agrocenosis has been determined. The type of blockage is juvenile. Spraying of crops from weeds was carried out in the phase of development of spring rapeseed «3–4th real leaf». Method of application — once together with a selective herbicide at a dose of 0.35 l/ha and a continuous herbicide at a dose of 0.06 l/ha, an adjuvant at a dose of 0.2 l/ha per 200 liters of working solution was used to enhance the contact of the drug with the plant surface. Under the influence of a mixture of herbicides in the agrophytocenosis of spring rapeseed, a decrease in the weed component by 98.4% was found. On plots with the use of herbicidal preparations, an increase in the yield of oilseeds in the Hybrid Cultus CL was recorded by 2 times.

Influence of preceding crops and sowing date on the yield of varieties of Triticum aestivum L. under the conditions of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Influence of preceding crops and sowing date on the yield of varieties of Triticum aestivum L. under the conditions of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Breeding estimation of the winter wheat varieties in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The expansion of winter wheat sowing areas is one of the reserves for increasing grain production in the Siberian region, since the areas under winter wheat is 15–20 % larger than under spring wheat according to productivity and has great potential in using bioclimatic resources of the region. the availability of sources of economically valuable traits and the development of various initial material on their basis is of decisive importance for breeding of new winter wheat varieties and their successful introduction into production. The purpose of the current paper was to find sources of economically valuable traits from the collection of winter wheat varieties of Russian breeding in the conditions of Western Siberia. There has been studied a collection of varieties and lines of winter common wheat of Russian breeding from the institutions of the Rostov region, Stavropol, and Krasnodar Areas. Field and laboratory trials were carried out on the experimental field of the Omsk SAU in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia in 2020–2022. Sowing was laid in fallow at the generally accepted sowing dates. According to the breeding estimation of the studied samples in the field seasons of 2020–2022 there was a significant correlation between winter resistance of plants and winter wheat productivity (r = 0.59), as well as an inverse correlation between productivity and gluten percentage (r = –0.36), grain ash content (r = –0.73) and sedimentation (r = –0.38). The varieties ‘Barynya’ (North Caucasian FNAC), ‘Gubernator Dona’, ‘Donna’ (Rostov ARC), ‘Don 107’, ‘Nakhodka’ (ARC “Donskoy”) and the line ‘K18918’ (RCG named after P.P. Lukyanenko), characterized by increased winter resistance (6.5–8 points) and productivity (351–384 g/m2) have been recommended as sources in breeding to improve productivity level and stability of winter wheat varieties in the conditions of Western Siberia. The varieties ‘Etnos’, ‘Anka’, ‘Gurt’, ‘Antonina’, ‘Alekseich’ and ‘Duplet’ of Krasnodar breeding with a high protein and gluten percentage (16.1–17.9 % and 35.5–39.3 %), large grain ash content and sedimentation (1.59–1.92 % and 58.0–67.0 ml) can be used as an initial material in breeding to improve the quality of winter wheat grain.

Biological Efficiency of Tank Mixtures of Preparations for the Protection of Spring Wheat and Their Effect on Grain Quality

In relatively favorable humidification years, the loss of spring wheat grain harvest from fungal infections – brown leaf and stem rust, powdery mildew, etc., has increased significantly, reaching 25–30% or more of the gross grain harvest. The purpose of the study conducted in 2018–2021 is to improve protection measures against harmful leaf–stem diseases in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Main tasks: monitoring the phytosanitary situation, studying the biological effectiveness of chemical fungicides, biological preparations, growth regulator and tank mixtures, including with liquid complex fertilizer, in spring wheat crops, determining the effect of various preparations on grain yield and quality. The study was conducted in short-term multivariate field experiments. The plot area is 25 m2, the repetition is fourfold, the placement of options is randomized. The effectiveness of the drugs was compared with the control variant without protection from diseases. The use of chemical fungicides, tank mixtures of them with fertilizer, growth regulator in the sowing of spring wheat Omsk 36 provided a high level of biological effectiveness against leaf-stem diseases. The maximum efficiency indicators against brown leaf and stem rust were obtained with the use of tank mixtures of the drugs Soligor + Fast and Furious, Rex Plus + Larixin and Title Duo + Fast and Furious (98.4–99.7%). The best results of protection against powdery mildew were mixtures of drugs Rex Plus + Fast and Furious and Soligor + Larixin, respectively 78.8 and 81.2%. The greatest increases in grain yield to control were obtained in the variants of the use of the drugs Rex Plus + Larixin and Title Duo + Fast and Furious, respectively 1.80 and 1.89 t/ha. The level of economic efficiency in this case was more than 50%. The use of fungicides and tank mixtures significantly increased the nature and weight of 1000 grains. There was an increase in the gluten content from 1.2 to 5.1% in variants with the phytoregulator Larixin, protein – by 0.85–1.71%. In a field experiment similar to the scheme with Melody wheat, conducted in adverse weather conditions in 2020 and 2021, grain yield growth from the use of drugs was not obtained. The main reasons are the dry weather and, accordingly, the low incidence of diseases in the crop. Treatment with Larixin and its tank mixtures with Title Duo, Rex Plus and Soligor fungicides significantly increased the protein content in the grain by 0.80–1.50%, gluten – up to 2.0%. The obtained results testified to the high biological and economic efficiency of the use of modern fungicides and tank mixtures with a growth regulator and fertilizer in conditions of high infestation of spring wheat with leaf–stem diseases.

Morpho-physiological characteristics of plants and biochemical parameters of rowan berries, common rowan, and domestic rowan grown in the conditions of the Northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The relevance of this subject lies in the comparative evaluation of different species of rowan to increase their significance and use in the system of ornamental and fruit horticulture, in the technologies of processing plant raw materials, and in the production of products for healthy nutrition. The purpose of the study is to examine the morpho-physiological characteristics of plants and the biochemical parameters of the fruits of different species (varieties, forms) of the genus Sorbus. Based on the results of practical research, original data on the morphology and economic characteristics of representatives (varieties and forms) of Sorbus intermedia Pers., Sorbus aucuparia L., Sorbus domestica L. are presented. Biological properties of the plants and biochemical parameters of the fruits are highlighted. It is established that all studied representatives of the genus Sorbus have high winter hardiness (1.5 points according to S.Ya. Sokolova), in addition, Scandinavian rowan plants have high drought resistance (4.5 points according to S.S. Pyatnitsky) compared to common rowan plants. Phenological observations of plants of different rowan species allowed for the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine to determine the time of onset of ontogenesis phases: development of vegetative buds, appearance of leaves, shoot growth, budding, and flowering, formation and development of ovaries, ripening and fruiting, changes in leaf colour, and leaf fall. Subphases that more accurately characterise the time of onset, peak, and end of a certain phase of development have also been identified, which is a scientific achievement for strategies in the system of ornamental and fruit horticulture. The growth intensity of varieties and forms of representatives of the Sorbus genus in height was studied, and the general condition of plants for viability is evaluated. Preparatory work on the preparation of rootstocks, the selection of scions, and grafting allowed the formation of model plants in the collection nursery and additional assessment of their growth strength, the onset and passage of individual phases of development, assessment of drought and winter hardiness, age of fruiting, and more. Biometrics and descriptions of stem, branches, vegetative and generative buds, leaves, inflorescences, and fruits are also conducted. The taste characteristics of the fruits are described in the materials of the paper. Biochemical analysis of the fruits allowed establishing their suitability for processing and the production of products for healthy nutrition

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) growth and development features under the influence of growth regulator

There has been a growing interest in growing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moenh) as a bioenergy crop, as it can be used to produce biofuels (ethyl alcohol) and solid fuels (pellets and briquettes from the above-ground mass). Sorghum grain is characterised by a high starch content of up to 80%. The research topic is relevant but poorly understood. The research aims to study the effect of growth regulators on the growth and development of sorghum in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The following research methods were used: field, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical. The study presents the results of research for 2016-2019, where the influence of elements of cultivation technology on the peculiarities of the formation of biometric parameters was studied. plant growth regulator had an impact on field germination, vegetation period, biometric indicators of plant growth, and leaf area. The closeness of the correlations of the studied indicators was established, and a correlation-regression analysis of the data was carried out, which showed a strong correlation between the growing season and plant height, where the coefficient was R=0.9264, and the coefficient of determination R2 =0.9864. There was also a strong relationship between stem diameter and plant height, where the correlation coefficient was R=0.9767 and the coefficient of determination was R2 =0.954. The conducted studies confirm the feasibility of using a growth regulator that improves plant development and will contribute to increasing the yield and quality of grain and biomass of sorghum. The obtained results of the research give grounds to believe that growth regulators contribute to the production of environmentally friendly products and are components of environmentally friendly and energysaving cultivation technology

BREEDING VALUE OF SHALLOT CULTIVARS AND LOCAL FORMS IN TERMS OF ECONOMIC CHARACTERS FOR THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Purpose. To indentify the best shallot cultivars and local forms by growing period length, bulb yield, leaf productivity, and bulb weight and number per clump in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Statistical processing, field assessments, computational and analytical methods. Results. Collection shallot accessions were evaluated for growing period lengthand, bulb weight, number and performance. Earlyripening accession ‘Sh-8’ with a vegetation period of 74 days was selected. Local form ‘Sh-1’ from the Kyivska Oblast region turned out to be the best in terms of the mean bulb weight per clump (26.7 g). Accessions from Kyivska (‘Sh-1’, ‘Sh-2’), Dnipropetrovska (‘Sh-6’, ‘Sh-9’), and Chernihivska (‘Sh-10’) Oblasts yielded the most (30.5, 25.4, 18.9, 18.1, and 19.4 t/ha, respectively). The check cultivar, ‘Lira’, yielded 15.5 t/ha. The smallest yields were harvested from the following accessions: ‘Sh-4’ (12.2 t/ha), ‘Sh-7’ (12.0 t/ha), ‘Sh-11’ (11.9 t/ha), ‘Sh-12’ (13.8 t/ha ha), ‘Sh-13 (13.2 t/ha), and ‘Sh-14’ (13.0 t/ha). Two accessions, which came from the Kyivska (‘Sh-3)’ and Dnipropetrovska (‘Sh-6’) Oblasts were found to be best adapted to the environmental conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Their Lewis’s phenotypic stability factors were close to 1. A local form from the Dnipropetrovska Oblast, ‘Sh 9’ was the worst adapted accessions, as its Lewis’s phenotypic stability factor was as high as 1.2. The maximum leaf length was recorded for accessions from the Kyivska (‘Sh-1’, ‘Sh-2’; 38.0 and 35.8 cm, respectively) and Chernihivska (‘Sh-10’; 36.2 cm) Oblasts. Conclusions. Due to this study, shallot accessions with short growing periods, great weights and numbers of bulbs and yield were selected for the conditions in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. ‘Sh-1’ sample originating from the Kyivska Oblast showed the best results in terms of the bulb weight (26.7 g) and yield (30.5 t/ha). However, it turned out to be late-ripening (86 days), and only formed on average 4 bulbs per clump. The maximum leaf length was 38 cm was. ‘Sh-8’, a local form from the Dnipropetrovska Oblast, was the most early-ripening (74 days).

Yield of winter soft wheat depending on sowing time in foreststeppe conditions of Western Siberia

Overwintering is of paramount importance among the various factors responsible for the creation of winter wheat, which largely depends on the potential of the genotype, sowing time and weather conditions. Sowing time is one of the vital agrotechnical factors in the technology of winter wheat cultivation. The research aims to study the influence of sowing time on the formation of the yield of local varieties of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The studies were carried out in 2018–2022 on the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Growing and Breeding - a branch of ICG SB RAS. Five varieties of soft winter wheat were used as an object of study. Sowing was carried out in three terms (the first - on August 20, the second - on September 01, and the third - on September 10). The maximum yield over the years of research was observed when sowing in the second term. On average, over three years, the increase was 0.53 and 0.66 t/ha compared to the first and third sowing periods, respectively. The highest yield was noted in the Krasnoobskaya winter variety during the second sowing period - 5.76 t/ha in 2022 and 5.16 t/ha on average over three years. The analysis of variance showed that the influence of all the studied factors on the change in yield is reliable. The maximum force was exerted by the interaction of the factors “year” and “variety” and amounted to 22.7%. The remaining elements were distributed as follows: sowing time -14.5, year conditions - 12, genotype - 12.7, the interaction of year conditions and sowing date - 7.9, the interaction between sowing time and genotype is 2.1%, the totality of all factors is 6.7%. According to the results of the correlation analysis, the yield in the years of research was in a significant relationship with overwintering (R = 0.52) and with the number of productive shoots (R = 0.53). In turn, the indicators of overwintering and the number of influential nodes correlate with the coefficient R = 0.36, which is also reliable. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the optimal sowing time for the growth and development of soft winter wheat is the second sowing time with a shift of 1–3 days in both directions.

Impact of technological practices on the photosynthetic productivity of spring barley in Northern Forest-Steppe conditions

Aim. To determine the features of the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus in spring barley plants depending on the influence of individual elements of cultivation technology and to identify the most effective combinations for maximizing the genetic potential of the crop under the conditions of the northern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. During the research, a field study method, visual observation, weighing, the «cutting» method, calculations, and statistical analysis were applied. Results. The research conducted during 2018–2020 has shown that the fertilization system, the use of growth stimulants, and the preceding crop significantly influence the photosynthetic activity of spring barley plants at different stages of organogenesis. The leaf surface index values increased and reached their maximum at the VII and IX stages of organogenesis, after which they gradually decreased. The maximum leaf surface area of 5.03 to 5.24 m2/m2 was achieved in crops with the application of N60P80K80+N60(IV) in the presence of the preceding crop’s by-product. The photosynthetic potential of crops during the period from the II to XI stages of organogenesis was at the level of 1.02–2.42 million m2/ha·day when grown after soybeans and 0.92–2.39 million m2/ha·day when grown after corn for grain. The period from the IV to VIІІ stages of plant organogenesis was characterized by the most active accumulation of dry matter and the most significant influence of all studied agronomic practices on the formation of this indicator. Conclusions. Optimal indicators of photosynthetic activity of spring barley crops (leaf area index of 4.65 m²/m² at the VIII stage of organogenesis, net photosynthesis productivity of 6.71 g/m² per day, dry matter accumulation of 9.51 t/ha at the XI stage of organogenesis) are ensured by the cultivation technology that involves the application of mineral fertilizers at a rate of N45P90K90+N45(IV) against the background of the predecessor’s (corn for grain) byproduct and the use of growth stimulants for pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar application at the IV stage of organogenesis. Such parameters of plant photosynthetic apparatus operation contribute to obtaining a barley grain yield at the level of 4.88–5.27 t/ha.

Prospects for the use of Walnut and Poplar in agroforestry of Polissya and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Climate changes actualise the need for the transition of Ukraine’s agricultural business to agroforestry systems not only in the steppe but also in the northern regions of the country. The purpose of the study is to examine the features of creating protective stands of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) and Poplars (Populus × euramericana) in Polissya and in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Experimental plantings of Walnut were created by one-year-old seedlings on sod-podzolic sandy loam soils of Zhytomyr Polissya and on carbonate soils of the Western Forest-Steppe, and the analysis of the survival rate of Poplar plantings was conducted on chernozems of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. It was established that on sod-podzolic soils, five-year-old plants of Walnut had an average height of 91.8 cm. At the age of 4, some of them bore fruit. The fruit-bearing trees had higher indicators of average height of 13.4% and a diameter of 71.5% compared to the rest. On carbonate soils, the trees showed substantially better growth in height, which is explained by the calciphile nature of the nut. It is determined that an effective way to increase the survival rate of one-year-old seedlings of Poplar varieties Dorskamp, Robusta and I-45/51 is to plant them without trunks. In all the examined varieties, during the first two years, the highest survival rate of seedlings was in the variant without a trunk – from 57.0 to 68.9%, while in seedlings with a trunk – from 50.3% to 68.1%. In 2022, due to irrigation, the survival rate ranged from 74.4% to 88.9%. The average height was mostly also higher in plants that grew from seedlings without a trunk. It was the largest in plants of the Dorskamp clone – 188.6 to 209.3 cm. In uncut plants of this variety, it ranged from 174.0 to 197.2 cm. The practical importance of the study lies in the possibility of developing new forms of Walnut and Poplar and improving technologies for creating forest lands with their involvement, which can be used in Polissya and Forest-Steppe conditions

Biological features of the rare species <i>Ixiolirion tataricum</i> (Pall.) Herb. in the forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia

The results of a study of the development and seed reproduction of the Lavender Mountain Lily, Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Herb. introduced to Novosibirsk are presented. Phenorhythmotype of the species is an early-summer flowering hemi-ephemeroid, which grows in the third decade of April, blooms in June, bears fruit in July, and completes the growing season in late Julyearly August. The seasonal development lasts 94102 days. The real seed productivity (RSP) averages 11 1 pcs. of seeds per capsule, while the conditional real seed productivity (CRSP) is three times higher. Laboratory germination of seeds in the harvest year up to 98% on stratification at +4C. The economic longevity of seeds at room storage is preserved for 34 years. With soil sowing of seeds, seedlings appear next spring and the plants bloom in the 4th6th year. I. tataricum is non-sustainable in the collection of the botanical garden, the duration from the appearance of seedlings to the complete death of individuals doesnt exceed 7 years. Maintaining of I. tataricum in the conditions of forest-steppe of Western Siberia as a rare species and valuable ornamental perennial is possible by regular renewal with local seed reproductions.

Shift in fungal communities associated with Pinus sylvestris stands affected by root rot

Introduction
 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) covers large areas in European regions with significant economic importance to Ukrainian forest industry. Root rot caused by the wood-decay fungus Heterobasidion annosum damages both below- and above-ground parts of Scots pines. The disease progress is likely to be affected by reshaping in the forest such as soil properties, vegetation composition, and tree age. These changes are apparently followed up by paralleled shifts in fungal community composition on forest soil with potential feedback on ecosystem functioning.
 The objective of the study was to screen fungal groups associated with the root system of P. sylvestris in stands affected by H.annosum s.s. to better understand the pathogenesis and development of root rot infection, as well as to recognize whether root size and disease severity affect diversity of fungi of the root system in the forest-steppe conditions of Ukraine. The additional object was to study other resident microflora of P. sylvestris root infested by H.annosum s.s. to find out whether the H. annosum s.s. impacts the overall diversity of other fungi.
 Materials and Methods
 The field study was carried out in 2018–2020. Field study sites were pure pine forest stands located in Kharkiv region (compartment 126, subcompartment 7, tract Bugri, Kharkiv Forest Research Station). Wood core and root samples from P. sylvestris were collected from the five infected (50–100 m apart from each other) and five non-infected trees (up to 500 m apart from the infested area and 50–100 m apart from each other). Wood and root samples were used for fungal culturing and direct sequencing using ITS1F and ITS4 primers.
 Results
 In the present study, we tried to evaluate fungal communities across diseased Pinus sylvestris stands and investigated correlations between taxonomic composition and forest health. Not surprisingly, root rot infestation had a significant effect on root-associated fungal abundance and diversity. During disease development, the root-associated fungal community shifted in composition from dominance by saprotrophic fungi to ectomycorrhizal and pathogenic fungal species. Our results suggested that maintenance of functional diversity in the root-associated fungal community may sustain long-term forest health or even root rot resistance to some extent by retaining a capacity for symbiosis-driven recycling of organic nutrients; however, this hypothesis is necessary to carefully examine and prove further.
 Conclusions
 Fungal culturing from 10 surface-sterilized wood cores resulted in 21 fungal cultures, 2.1 per wood segment. Direct sequencing from 40 surface-sterilized segments of lateral roots resulted in 247 fungal sequences or 6.2 per root segment on average. The most dominant fungi from the infested trees of Pinus sylvestris were Dactylonectria macrodidyma (4.98%), Acremonium sp (4.52%), Cladosporium cladosporioides (4.07%) from Ascomycota and Heterobasidion annosum s.s. (4.07%) from Basidiomycota, while for non-infested group Unidentified Ascomycota175244 (13.19%), Penicillium spinulosum (9.89%), Acremonium sp. (8.79%), Bionectriaceae sp. (8.79%) were the most common.
 2 Figs., 2 Tables, 32 Refs.

Influence of microfertilizers of the Izagri series on the productivity of safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i>)

The results of the analysis of the influence of Izagri microelement fertilizers on safflower productivity in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region are presented. The studies were conducted in 2020-2022 in the Penza region (experimental field of the Penza Research Institute of Agriculture). The object of the study was safflower of the Ershovsky 4 variety. The experiment consisted in pre-sowing seed treatment with Izagri series of microfertilizers. Izagri preparations were found to increase the growth force of seeds up to 1.21-1.57 cm, germination by 1.1-8.8%, safety of plants for harvesting by 0.5-6.2%. Against the background of fertilizer application, safflower productivity averaged 1.30-1.55 t/ha for 3 years, i.e. increased by 0.06-0.25 t/ha. The greatest effect was produced by Izagri Force and Izagri Vita, which helped to obtain a yield increase of 0.23-0.25 t/ha. The highest oil content of seeds was observed in the variants with Izagri Azot (29.85%) and Izagri Bor (30.04%): the increase was 2.7 and 3.0% respectively. Application of these preparations reduced seed huskiness to 37.7 and 37.9%, respectively. The largest seeds were formed in the variant with Izagri Vita - weight of 1 thousand seeds was 39.16 g. Treatment with Izagri Phosphorus and Izagri Vita gave a slight decrease in oleic acid content (to 9.94 and 9.62%). At the same time, the use of Izagri Vita maximized the amount of linoleic acid (up to 83.63%). After using Izagri Force, the concentration of this acid decreased to 81.88%. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that pre-sowing treatment of seeds with microfertilizers from Izagri line improves the quality indicators of oilseeds and can act as a method to increase the productivity of safflower.

The influence of changing some climatic conditions on the phenological phases of the development of native bush of Forest-Steppe zone plants

Abstract It was studied that the dynamics of phenophases, the dates of the beginning and duration of phenological cycles in plants are under the constant influence of seasonal changes in climatic conditions (regular alternation of seasons with different durations of day and night, warm or cold and rainy or dry seasons). Together with the study of the shoot growth duration, it is worth conducting a study of the dynamics of their growth. This is also important for determining the tolerance for winter conditions, since it is known, that not only those shoots that finish growing early but also those that grow for a long time, but rather slowly, can be winter resistant. The intensive growth of shoots of all studied species occurs in May to mid-June. Almost all of them have two peaks of shoot growth: June and mid-July. The growth of shoots has a certain dependence on air temperature. The conducted long-term phenological observations made it possible to establish the periods of phenophases in five species of shrubs and show that in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, all of them manage to complete their vegetation in time, before the beginning of frost. Among the studied species, Lonicera tatarica L. and Viburnum lantana L. were the first to start their shoot growth in the first decade of May. Then, in the third decade of May, shoots of E. europaeus began to grow. P. spinosa and R. canina were the last to start their shoot growth. The conducted research has a certain significance for forest reclamation work as these types of shrubs are used to create protective plantings. Establishing a certain dependence on air temperature will allow to adjust the species composition and their number when creating this type of plantation.

Семеношение кедра корейского (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) при его интродукции в условиях лесостепи Воронежской области

The paper presents the research materials of Korean cedar introduction in the forest-steppe conditions of Voronezh region. Full compliance of its vital processes with the conditions of introduction is determined. The influence of the factor of tree placement in the territory — free or as part of other conifers on seed production — has been established. The increase of trees yield was revealed when artificial pollination was applied to them in comparison with non-pollinated trees. Attention was drawn to the moment of formation of multi-top tree crowns by formation of «empty» cone at the top of the central conductor. The high perspectivity of the breed cultivation in these conditions with obtaining both silvicultural and economic effect is pointed out. The forecast of yield of Korean pine crops under certain conditions of technology is given. Taking them into account in the creation of Korean pine seed object from 1 hectare of cultivated area it is possible to obtain the yield from the moment of grafting age in 25 years in the amount of 123 kg of nuts.

Productivity of soybeans depending on cultivation technologies in the conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Мета досліджень. Встановити закономірності формування продукційних параметрів рослин, урожайності і якості зерна сої залежно від систем основного обробітку грунту та фону живлення в умовах Правобережного Лісостепу. Методи. Польовий (визначення взаємодії об’єкта досліджень із біотичними та абіотичними чинниками), ваговий (встановлення параметрів елементів структури врожаю і визначення врожайності зерна), математико-статистичний (статистична обробка результатів досліджень). Результати. Представлені результати досліджень щодо впливу різних системи основного обробітку грунту, фону живлення у поєднанні з позакореневим підживленням мікродобривами у хелатній формі на біометричні, продуктивні та якісні показники сої сорту Муза. Визначено оптимальні технологічні прийоми вирощування сої для умов нестійкого зволоження Правобережного Лісостепу України, які забезпечують найбільші прирости зернової продуктивності і якості зерна. Висновки. Результати дворічних досліджень засвідчили істотну перевагу систематичної оранки і поверхневого беззмінного обробітку грунту над no-till обробітками. На фоні систематичної оранки і внесення мінеральних добрив дозою N45P45K45 у поєднанні з дворазовим позакореневим підживленням мікроелементами у фази листоутворення та початку цвітіння з нормою витрати 2 л/га отримали максимальні показники індивідуальної продуктивності: 45,7 бобів з однієї рослини, 105,1 шт. насінин, 21,2 г насіння, масу 1000 насінин 201,8 г з рівнем урожайності 3,10 т/га та збором білка з одиниці площі – 1,28 т/га. Застосування no-till обробітків упродовж двох років засвідчило зниження урожайності сої в межах від 0,11 (4,0 %) до 0,24 т/га (7,3 %) відносно систематичної оранки.

ESTIMATION OF HEIGHT AND HABITUS OF THE STEM APPARATUS OF FLORIBUNDA ROSE VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Peculiarities of the stem apparatus of 20 Floribunda rose varieties which differ in origin, morphological and decorative features, as well as resistance to agro-climatic environmental factors, in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are evaluated. It has been established that the habitus of the bush and its height are important in the selection of rose varieties because these features form the object of landscaping. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the floribunda rose varieties are mostly tall or medium-height plants with a semi-upright habit. Among the studied cultivars are those in which the average value of height exceeded 100 cm, namely Pomponella, Lovely Green and Novalis. They are classified as very high varieties. We classified the Friesia variety as very low. The average value of the height of this variety was 39 cm. It was determined that the diameter of the bush directly depends on the habit of the variety and its height. The diameter of the bushes of the studied varieties varied between 38-94 cm, with the highest value in Novalis and the lowest in Friesia and Santa Monika.The study of the Floribunda rose varieties in the dynamics of their growth over the years showed that the maximum increase in the length of the shoots is observed in two-year-old plants, with the maximum value of rose shoots length in the third growing season. The most significant increase in shoot length was observed in two-year-old plants of the Pomponella and Carmagnola. The length of their shoots increased by more than 100% compared to the previous growing season. Starting from the fourth year, the increase in the length of the shoots slows down significantly. A significant increase in the length of shoots in four-year-old plants was observed only in Pomponella variety 15%. In Goldelse, Henri Matisse, Let's Celebrate and Gebruder Grimm, stable growth was observed throughout the research with a difference of no more than 4%. The corresponding growth dynamics is primarily related to the peculiarities of their ontogenesis and may change depending on their individual development and environmental conditions.