Conditions Of Challenges Research Articles

Alter/ Native and the New Historicism Contents of Second Generation Nigerian Poets

This paper examines the intersection and synergy between Alter/Native criticism and the New Historicism in the context of second-generation Nigerian poets. Alter/ Native criticism focuses on indigenous literary traditions, cultural contexts, and oral histories, while New Historicism explores the interplay between literature and historical conditions. By applying these critical approaches to the works of second-generation Nigerian poets and novelists, such as Niyi Osundare, Chinua Achebe, and Wole Soyinka, this study aims to shed light on how these poets and novelists enrich our understanding of Nigerian literature by examining the cultural and historical contexts in which their works are produced. Drawing from indigenous literary traditions, the second-generation Nigerian poets employ AlterNative criticism to explore themes of identity, cultural heritage, and the preservation of indigenous voices. Their works incorporate elements of folklore, proverbs, and cultural symbols, reflecting a deep engagement with Nigerian cultural heritage. Additionally, the New Historicism provides insights into how the historical conditions of Nigeria, including colonization, independence struggles, and post-colonial challenges, influence the themes and styles of the poets' works. Through the application of the New Historicism, we can examine how these poets engage with and respond to historical events, power dynamics, and social realities. By examining the poems and critical perspectives of second-generation Nigerian poets, this paper showcases the synergies and mutual enrichment between Native criticism and New Historicism. The combination of these approaches enhances our understanding of the cultural and historical dimensions of the poets' works, providing deeper insights into the complexities of Nigerian literature. This study contributes to the broader field of Nigerian literary scholarship and offers a comprehensive understanding of the contributions made by second-generation Nigerian poets to the Nigerian literary canon.

ЖІНОЧЕ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВО: РИЗИКИ, ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ПІДТРИМКИ, МЕХАНІЗМИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ

Features of the formation of womenʼs entrepreneurship and support mechanisms in the conditions of global challenges and martial law are presented. It is noted that virtual and augmented reality, martial law in Ukraine is forming a new Ukrainian woman-leader, a woman-entrepreneur of a new generation, namely a business person who is oriented and focused on success in business achieved by her own efforts. The characteristic features of female entrepreneurs opening their own businesses in Ukraine were revealed and the number of female directors and male managers of companies in Ukraine from 2016 to 2022 was analyzed, which made it possible to talk about the following trend: in 5 months of 2023, almost half of new small businesses are female in Ukraine; mostly Ukrainian women entrepreneurs are sole owners of one enterprise; according to the form of management, womenʼs entrepreneurship is a private enterprise, micro and small business.
 Stereotypical and traditional features of men and women that determine their ability to conduct business are presented. The tools and mechanisms that will allow to speed up the formation of womenʼs business in Ukraine have been identified. A list of all existing state authorities and organizations supporting women and womenʼs entrepreneurship in Ukraine under martial law is given. The content of womenʼs entrepreneurship is revealed. The fact that this enterprise expects support from local and interstate organizations interested in the prosperity of womenʼs businesses and increased tax revenues for budgets of all levels was noted. It is small business that makes it possible to overcome unemployment, creates new jobs, and forms the solvency of the population. A list of business ideas for women that are interesting and promising in terms of implementation in crisis conditions is indicated, including the confectionery business, coaching, the field of childrenʼs goods and providing services to educational children, the establishment of marketing agencies. Sites and resources are highlighted where you can find the necessary information with the help of which there is an opportunity to develop womenʼs businesses.
 The authors of the article defend the scientific position that Ukrainian women are the most progressive group, because it is they who most likely receive higher education, create public organizations and start successful businesses. Ukrainian women are creative, innovative and efficient business owners and, as a rule, run a fairly profitable business. They are not afraid of hard work, persistent, smart, intelligent, balanced, purposeful, overcome obstacles with optimism regardless of their level of complexity. Creatively and creatively solve urgent problems of their business and immediately find several options for their solution. It is expected that the popularization of womenʼs entrepreneurship will help to slow down the impoverishment of the population as a result of the war, help to overcome poverty, and improve the well-being of the family.

Стратегічні імперативи функціонування банків державного сектору на повоєнному етапі

Introduction. The issue of the role of state-owned banks in modern conditions is attracting more and more attention. In Ukraine, the share of the state-owned banks segment makes up more than half of the banking services market. Accordingly, the synthesis of existing experience and the development of approaches to the use of the potential of state banks in the interests of supporting the development of the economy in crisis conditions is an urgent scientific task for Ukraine. Problem Statement. The role and place of state banks in ensuring economic development in conditions of exogenous challenges. Purpose. To determine the peculiarities of the work of banks with state participation in the capital in Ukraine and to provide recommendations for increasing the efficiency of using their potential in war conditions and at the stage of post-war economic recovery. Methods. The work uses the methods of theoretical generalization, systematic, comparative and economic analysis, systematization, logical generalization, analytical presentation, and synthesis. Results. In accordance with foreign experience, it has been confirmed that in the conditions of wartime challenges, state banks play an important stabilizing role in ensuring the stability of the financial market. During the war, Ukrainian state banks were able not only to ensure uninterrupted provision of financial services and payment and settlement operations, but also to support the implementation of state credit programs. The segment of state banks plays an important role in the financial support of the state's fiscal policy. Such a role of state-owned banks in Ukraine will most likely remain at the stage of post-war economic recovery. Conclusions. In accordance with the acquired advantages and experience of pre-war activities, the forces of state banking institutions should be concentrated in the key areas of supporting the functioning of the economy in wartime conditions within the framework of defined state policy tasks. At the same time, the strategy of their activities needs to be adjusted with increased specialization in accordance with the strategic directions of economic recovery.

Implementation of human rights in the modern world: challenges and threats

The peculiarities of the realization of human rights under the conditions of various challenges and threats are covered. The mechanism for the realization of human rightsis considered as a set of legal means of implementing human rights in life, which is revealed in two interrelated aspects – static and dynamic. The realization of human rights can be hindered by various circumstances: inefficiency of legislation, inactivity of civil society, authoritarian political regime, terrorism, etc. The article is focused on terrorism. Countering terrorism is a complex task that involves a system of measures that do not always contribute to the realization of human rights, but they are necessary to ensure the safety of both a person and the entire society. Threats related to terrorism actualize theoretical studies of the possibilities of countering terrorism and creating conditions for the proper realization of human and citizen rights and freedoms. The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of the influence of terrorism on the process of realizing human rights in the modern world and to indicate ways to prevent this influence. The methodology of the article consists of dialectical and phenomenological approaches, as well as formal-logical, formal-dogmatic, formal-legal, systemic and structural-functional methods. The conclusions state that terrorismis a significant obstacle on the way to the realization of human rights. Terrorism can be characterized as the commission of ideologically motivated violent crimes with the aim of destabilizing society, influencing politics, and intimidating people. Rights and freedoms may be restricted in connection with a terrorist threat, but the restrictions must be proportionate to the threat. At the same time, the elimination of obstacles to the realization of human rights helps to overcome the motivation of certain individuals to engage in terrorist activities. The proper implementation of rights and freedoms is possible under the condition of creating effective mechanisms for overcoming social contradictions, achieving a social compromise, ending financial support for terrorism and illegal weapons trafficking, and effective counter measures against the formation of a terrorist personality. Key words: implementation of human rights, society, threat, terror, migrants.

The problems of the unity of the Russian people and the issues of its solidarity in modern conditions

In the conditions of global turbulence and global challenges, the basis for the formation of a new, patriotic and law-educated society is to take the necessary measures to raise the level of legal consciousness, reduce absenteeism and legal nihilism, which will allow Russian citizens to soberly assess certain foreign challenges. The solution of this issue primarily involves its consideration from three sides: from the state, the adult population and youth. The efforts of the state in the field of increasing the level of unity and patriotism of the Russian people will generally raise the level of legal literacy of both adults and young people. The article examines the approaches of different authors to the understanding of the terms "patriotism", "solidarity" and "unity of the people". The normative legal acts, national development strategies and federal programs aimed at increasing the level of patriotism, strengthening the unity of the Russian nation and the ethno-cultural development of the peoples of Russia are considered. Through the analysis of historical events and the attitude of the population to the National Unity Day in Russia, conclusions are drawn about the possible causes of the low level of patriotism among the Russian population, and on the basis of these conclusions, a number of measures are proposed to strengthen the unity of the people and its solidarity in modern conditions.

A new system of state planning in Kazakhstan: the analysis and problems

The purpose of the research is to identify the features and vulnerabilities of the new state planning system (hereinafter referred to as the SPS) in Kazakhstan, approved in February 2021.Methodology. A systematic and comparative analysis of documentation in the field of SPS was used as a research method.Originality / value of the research. In the conditions of new challenges and acceleration of historical time, the system of state planning and management in the country needs constant analysis and modernization. The issues of strategic and state planning of the country have been reflected in many works by domestic and international authors. However, due to the relative novelty, the recent changes in the SPS have not yet been extensively analyzed, which makes this study relevant. The conclusions of the study can be useful from the point of view of further improvement of the SPS and increasing the effectiveness of the implemented state measures.Findings. The results indicate that the new SPS has retained its multi-stage nature, despite attempts to optimize documents. Another problem was the low autonomy of local authorities in matters of strategic planning. A separate block of questions touched on the methodological and substantive shortcomings of the documents of the SPS. The last conclusion is the weak harmonization of budget and strategic planning.

Nickel Grade Inversion of Lateritic Nickel Ore Using WorldView-3 Data Incorporating Geospatial Location Information: A Case Study of North Konawe, Indonesia

The North Konawe region in Indonesia, known for its lateritic nickel (Ni) deposits, holds significant potential for obtaining Ni resources. However, the complex topographic conditions of this area pose challenges. Exploring the application of remote sensing technology to reveal the spectral response mechanism of Ni grade from high-precision multispectral data and inversion of Ni grade represents a novel direction in future Ni resource exploration. Traditional remote sensing inversion methods solely consider the spectral characteristics of sample data and ignore vital geospatial location information. As a result, efficiently obtaining regional details of target substance content over large areas has become challenging. The introduction of the geographically weighted regression (GWR) method offers an opportunity for fine-grained Ni grade inversion based on remote sensing. This study focused on the E and K blocks within the lateritic Ni mining area in North Konawe. Through utilizing the WordView-3 multispectral data which exhibits immense potential in quantitative remote sensing inversion studies, GWR was employed to integrate spectral features and spatial information. The goal was to reveal the correlation between multispectral remote sensing data and Ni grade. The obtained results were then compared and analyzed with multiple linear regression (MLR) and back propagation neural network (BPNN) models. The findings revealed that GWR achieved the highest coefficient of determination R2 of 0.96, surpassing MLR and BPNN values of 0.05 and 0.17, respectively. Additionally, GWR exhibited the lowest root mean square error of 0.04, which was lower than those of MLR and BPNN with the values of 0.25 and 0.23, respectively. These results confirmed the enhanced stability and accuracy of the GWR method compared to MLR and BPNN. Furthermore, GWR effectively mapped the spatial distribution trends of Ni grades in the study area, providing evidence of the method’s effectiveness in Ni grade inversion. The study also delved into the inversion effect of the GWR method in areas with varying weathering crust thickness and vegetation cover. The research revealed that higher values of weathering crust thickness negatively impacted the inversion effect. However, the influence mechanism of vegetation cover on Ni grade inversion necessitated further investigation. These results served as a significant demonstration of the remote sensing inversion of mineral resource grades in similar areas. They provided valuable insights for future exploration and decision-making processes.

Modern Legislative Process: from Legal Trends to Predictable Development Scenarios

The objectives of the article are to identify trends in the development of the legislative process in the Russian Federation and formulate proposals to improve its effectiveness. In order to achieve them, the legal regulation and statistics of the legislative process in the Russian Federation are analyzed, doctrinal concepts and forecasts of the development of the legislative process are studied, including in the conditions of digitalization and other global challenges.
 The research is based on the use of systemic, structural-functional, formal-legal, comparative-legal methods, methods of legal modeling and legal forecasting in their entirety.
 It is established that the development of the modern legislative process is carried out in the following directions: regulation by a large number of normative legal acts of different legal force, including legislative acts, as well as by-laws; high activity of some subjects of the right of legislative initiative along with low activity of others; systematic clearing of the legislative base, which is simultaneously complemented by the practice of introducing bills with a similar subject of regulation in place of rejected ones; the necessity and consistency of the model of direct participation of the President; increasing the role of the Government of the Russian Federation in the legislative process and the growth of its legislative work; increasing the number of initiators of federal bills or creating additional legal conditions and guarantees for the implementation of their legislative ideas and proposals while maintaining the current subject composition of the right of legislative initiative; preserving the practice of short-term planning of legislative work along with the increasing need to ensure a comprehensive and promising their planning; strengthening the interaction of the branches of government in the legislative process, including through the work of the Commission of the Government of the Russian Federation on legislative activities; scientific support of the legislative process and the increasing importance of its principles such as professionalism, scientism; information support of the legislative process; the impact on the legislative process of the level of development of legal technique, modern information technologies and procedures. Promising tasks for legal science that need to be solved to ensure the effectiveness of the legislative process are identified.

Spatial Development of Russia under the Conditions of External and Internal Challenges

Spatial Development of Russia under the Conditions of External and Internal Challenges

Effectiveness of the Management System in the Conditions of Military Operations and Crisis Situations

The management system is a complex multifactorial process. Analysis of management processes allows you to determine a set of influencing factors to ensure results in accordance with the set goals and tasks of a strategic and operational nature. In conditions of external instabilities, management processes are implemented in the system of new requirements and requests. Theoretical approaches to defining the concept of management as a system are considered. The article examines management models in conditions of instability and external challenges, compares them, and determines research directions. The trends in the development of management systems are analyzed, new trends in the development of management systems are determined, which are determined under the influence of external factors the pandemic of the coronavirus infection and the full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. By implementing the method of expert assessments, the ranking of risk management factors as a basic element of management in conditions of instability was developed and carried out. Based on a survey among experts, a risk ranking matrix was proposed. Based on the developed risk ranking matrix, a model of anti-crisis management in conditions of instability and external challenges was developed. Methodological recommendations on the practical implementation of the developed model into the management system are given. The theoretical-methodical and scientific-practical aspects of the implementation of the risk management model are analyzed. The possibilities of implementing risk management processes as a basic model of the anti-crisis management system by overcoming risks, preventing them, or minimizing risks that cannot be avoided have been identified.

DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGERIAL COMPETENCE OF HEADS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN CRISIS CONDITIONS

In the crisis conditions of challenges and restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and the martial law in Ukraine, it is important to ensure stability and efficiency in the management of educational institutions. It is possible due to the condition of development of managerial competence of managers. We consider the managerial competence of educational institutions leaders is a personal phenomenon. It combines psychological, theoretical and practical readiness for managerial activities in the specific conditions of the institution's existence. For the development of managerial competence, appropriate conditions are important, as well as an actual profile, the structure of which includes: development orientation; emotional intelligence; cooperation; ability to create a safe environment; organizational capacity. As a result of the actualization of the crisis situation, the public demand for managers-leaders is increasing, hence the need to analyze, develop a theory and use leadership strategies by the heads of general secondary education institutions, since they are the basis of the manifestation of their managerial competence in crisis conditions. Our research was organized during 2018/2021 (n 112.) It showed a contradiction between the need for development and the lack of managerial competence and leadership strategies among managers in the field of education. In order to develop this property, a program of psychological and pedagogical support was developed and implemented. The results of the program's implementation confirmed its effectiveness and made it possible to conclude that the development of managerial competence can effectively take place within the limits of individual trajectories of professional growth of heads of institutions in the field of education.

Default risk and fiscal sustainability in PIIGS countries

During the entire period of existence and expansion of the European Union, the integration of the economies of the new countries of the union was strengthened. Thus, in the 1990s, the term "PIIGS countries" was born, which became the most widespread after the financial crisis in the EU in 2008, and which was often used in relation to the southern European countries of the EU (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain), which were the most affected from growing debt and economic vulnerability. There have always been less developed states and more problematic countries in the economic environment, which today fall under the classification of peripheral countries of the European Union. The subject of research in the article is the default risk and fiscal stability of the PIIGS countries. The goal is to identify existing default risks and existing violations of fiscal stability in the PIIGS countries. The objective is to research the dynamics of the development of the economies of the PIIGS countries in the conditions of modern crises and challenges. General scientific methods are used, such as system analysis - to determine the peculiarities of the development of the economies of the PIIGS countries, the method of comparative analysis, thanks to which the peculiarities of the economies of the PIIGS countries, the peculiarities of their debt and fiscal policies are analyzed. Also, comparative analysis is used to study the difference between the PIIGS countries in terms of their default risk and fiscal sustainability. The following results were obtained: based on the analysis of the debt and fiscal stability of the PIIGS countries, problematic aspects were identified and the components of the economies of these countries were determined, as well as the factors influencing the risk of default and the quality of the fiscal stability of the PIIGS countries were calculated. Conclusions: The article identifies default risks for each of the PIIGS countries and their level of fiscal sustainability. Various methods of solving economic problems for the PIIGS countries have been studied and proposed, which will help these countries avoid default and improve their fiscal sustainability. Each of the PIIGS countries was studied separately. This made it possible to draw acceptable conclusions about each country.

СТРАТЕГІЇ УПРАВЛІННЯ ІНТЕГРАЦІЙНИМИ ВИРОБНИЧИМИ ЛАНЦЮГАМИ ЗА УМОВ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ЦИФРОВИХ ІННОВАЦІЙ

The article analyzes the scientific development of the theory of networks and flows from the standpoint of using their methodological approaches to solve the problems of forming a strategy for managing the innovative potential of cluster associations and finding new ways of its practical implementation. Strategic directions of business clustering under the condition of its digitization should ensure legislative support, appropriate digital infrastructure, elimination of digital gaps compared to other sectors of the economy, creation of proper conditions for the use of network tools, digital security, availability of regulatory support for innovation and investment development of network structures. This approach made it possible to form a set of principles and a portfolio of technologies for the interaction of network and integration structures, as well as to develop a digital mode of socio-economic transformations of integration production networks as components of ensuring sustainable competitive advantages under the conditions of globalization challenges. Fundamental aspects include: creation of a digital environment in which interaction between participants takes place with the help of digital services; formation of a secure digital asset management system; moving from descriptive to predictive and then administrative analytics. Based on these principles, a set of methodological tools for strategic management of the potential of network associations was developed and the main stimulators of investment and innovation development of integration production chains were established; a scientific hypothesis was formed, according to which digital management of latent manifestations of positive cluster properties should become the basis for the sustainable development of business associations.

Educational space as a historical and philosophical phenomenon: Theoretical and methodological foundations

Introduction. The article theoretically examines the genesis of specific features of such key pedagogical concepts and categories as ‘education’ and ‘educational space’ in the historical and philosophical context, adapted to the conditions of multi-vector social challenges of modern reality. Interest in the problem of the studied phenomena is determined by modern discussions around the current educational space, the specifics of its self-development in the historical and philosophical context of research in a rapidly and sometimes unpredictably changing social reality. The purpose of the article is a historical and philosophical analysis of the essence and existence of the educational space in the comparative context of sociocultural and cognitive characteristics of society. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the study was formed by historical-philosophical and systematic approaches. The authors used the principles of flexible rationality in building theoretical constructs of the phenomena ‘education’ and ‘educational space’. The methodological value of the study lies in the historical and philosophical analysis of the problems of the formation of educational space in Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Enlightenment and the New Age, which makes it possible to navigate the variety of manifestations of the modern educational environment. Methods used by the authors include: comparative-historical, deductive, chronological, generalization and analysis. Results. The main results lie in the historical and philosophical analysis of the essence and existence of educational space and the disclosure of its specific characteristics in the comparative context of the socio-cultural characteristics of education, which allows to interpret the education itself as a unity of the process and result of the development and appropriation by the individual of general forms of interaction with the objects of reality and themselves that have been developed by the community and anchored in the culture. The study shows that the educational area of the Middle Ages absorbed a symphony of theological, philosophical and scientific knowledge in the true sense. During that time, scientific knowledge was pushed into the background compared to the knowledge of God and the soul. The authors established the idea that the evolving educational space, responding to the challenges of the time, determines the subject of education, i. e. in the womb of subject-subject and subject-object relationships. The authors highlight the relevant issues of the phenomenon of educational space as a complex, self-evolving system functioning as a significant sphere of social life. The educational space in the Age of Enlightenment begins to actively differentiate itself from layers of social spaces, as everyone realizes that through education, the process of deobjectification and objectification occurs in the human mind. One of the projections of modernity predictions is the transformation of education in postmodern society and the transition from the broadcasting and facilitating function of education to a mediating one. Conclusions. The authors have identified specific features of the genesis of the concepts of ‘space’, ‘education’, and ‘educational space’ in the comparative context of the historical and philosophical paradigm of the sociocultural characteristics of society and the role of education in it. The main content of the problem of the educational space as a societal phenomenon that is in a development and evolution situation together with society and the epoch is generalized. The position is justified that in the philosophical discourse, which is woven from people's cognitive actions and interpersonal communication, the educational space exhibits a developmental logic not only ontologically but also epistemologically, creating a unique phenomenon - educational environments in which its social criteria and meanings are formed and implemented. It was shown that the educational space reflects the structural coexistence and interaction of all possible educational systems, their components, educational events, for the existence of which the epoch is able to create conditions. It is noted that the educational space is an open system subject to dissipative processes, the emergence of new structures and the destruction of those that are energetically unable to maintain their existence.

INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT PROJECTS: THE DIALECTIC OF THE INFLUENCE ON THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE ENTERPRISE

The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of the inclusion of innovation and investment projects in the enterprise’s business strategy based on the study of risks and opportunities in the area of the implementation of the goal of strengthening economic security. The methodological basis of its achievement was a critical analysis of the scientific output of domestic researchers in the directions of determining the essence and components of the economic security of the enterprise, management of innovation-investment activities on a project basis, management of innovation-investment risks. The historical process of formation of the modern understanding of the category “economic security of the enterprise” and its interpretation in the scientific literature are revealed. The peculiarities of the implementation of the adaptation mechanism as a means of ensuring the sustainable functioning of the business entity in the conditions of challenges generated by the modern external environment have been studied. It is recognized that the management subsystem of innovation and investment activities is of key importance in achieving the goals of economic security of the enterprise. The stages of its implementation are disclosed and it is proved that the optimal principle of organizing the management of innovation and investment activity is the project principle, since the project activity is non-cyclical and does not have a permanent nature. The category “investment and innovation risk” was analyzed in terms of content and classification in the logical series “types of risks – types of risks – risk factors”. The starting point of the typology was the criterion of the possibility of control by enterprises, which is key in the formation of the management architecture of innovation and investment projects. The dialectic of the influence on the economic security of the enterprise of the inclusion of innovation and investment projects in its business strategy is revealed, which consists in the following: they are both a threat and a guarantee of economic security. The direction of the impact of innovation and investment projects on the economic security of the enterprise depends on the adequacy of risk monitoring and the effectiveness of mechanisms for their neutralization or mitigation.

Endogenous Development as Strategic Resource of Agrarian Growth in Conditions of Global Challenges

Each stage of the development requires correction of economic course, especially in conditions of global challenges. The period of orientation to external sources of growth at the expense of selling raw materials and power products abroad is over, thus it is necessary to pass over to endogenous development of Russian economy, especially agriculture. Information provided in the article gives evidence to a big share of exported resources in respect to the volume of their production or extraction. Four fifth of mineral fertilizers produced in the country is sold abroad, though home agriculture uses them in insufficient volume. Additional amounts of mineral fertilizers in Russian fields could increase the volume of food that is in demand on global markets. Power resources that cannot be used due to anti-Russian sanctions could be directed to internal needs, which could give an opportunity to convert them into goods with high added value. Putting resources that were not used by western countries in home economy can create extra capacities and extend taxation base, which could compensate for losses on foreign market. In agriculture priority shall be given to the development of local economy mobilizing local labour and material resources, which apart from production effect could provide opportunities for resolving a number of social and economic problems caused by big agricultural producers. The author came to the conclusion about the promising nature of endogenous development, which can ensure the quality of Russian economy growth and its agrarian sector.

Public administrative activity in the conditions of contemporary uncertainty: information and communication aspect

Problem setting. One of the main problems of modern times is the existing huge information flow and the lack of correct, true, and timely information, which causes uncertainty in the process of making management decisions. Such a situation can lead to the inefficiency of public management activities in the conditions of modern uncertainty, a decrease in the level of public support and a decrease in trust in power structures. In the conditions of modern uncertainty, the social significance of management activities and the responsible attitude of all social subjects to their official and public duties are growing. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The analysis of the latest research in the field of public administration shows the significant attention of the scientific community to the issue of establishing effective communicative interaction in conditions of uncertainty, which is associated with the emergence of various types of crisis situations. However, these issues require further in-depth study in the conditions of acute challenges and threats of war and new approaches to public management activity, in particular its information and communication aspect. The purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the expediency of the development of the information and communication aspect of public management activities to obtain a balanced and adapted management decision in the conditions of modern uncertainties. Paper main body. In the conditions of modern challenges and threats, public management activity is accompanied by uncertainty in its various manifestations, as well as non-standard, high dynamism and multi-criteria when making management decisions. The expediency of the development of the information and communication aspect of public management activity with the aim of obtaining a balanced and adapted management decision in the conditions of modern uncertainties is substantiated. A feature of modern challenges and threats that generate uncertainty and erroneous management decisions is unreliability of information, direct misinformation, and ignorance of how to behave in existing situations. In conditions of uncertainty, established communication links and information flows are disrupted, and new circumstances require information that is relevant in terms of content, effectiveness, and volume. The changes caused by the war also affected media consumption in Ukrainian society. Compared to the pre-war period, its structure has changed, social networks have become the most popular source of information. The main methods of disinformation used in war are fakes, propaganda, manipulation, incomplete information, bots. It has been established that in the conditions of modern uncertainty, the social significance of management activities and the responsible attitude of all social subjects to their official and public duties are growing. With the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, the need for protection of power structures, officials and citizens in the information and communication space grew even more. It is about both cyber protection and resistance to disinformation influences. The key skills everyone needs in wartime are the ability to build their own digital defenses, maintain emotional and psychological resilience, and critically perceive information. It is argued that in the conditions of war there is a need to increase the level of information hygiene and media literacy of the society in order to develop its own culture of safe information consumption. Conclusions of the research. Russia’s massive invasion of Ukraine accelerated the recognition of the need to integrate media literacy into the national security system, both by key actors of public-management activities and non-state sectors. This requires the development of practical integration mechanisms both at the level of projects and at the level of the regulatory and legal framework. Media literacy should remain part of the security policy in the post-war period as well. It should contribute to the growth of cognitive stability of society, and therefore requires a new integration approach – a combination of media, digital, psychological literacy, and info-hygiene with the aim of forming an appropriate adaptive zone of information and communication comfort. Making management decisions in conditions of uncertainty will depend on the correctness and clarity of the establishment of effective information and communication interaction by the subjects of public management activity.

Digital technologies in the work of a social enterprise

Introduction. The paper examines the peculiarities of the functioning of social enterprises in the conditions of new economic and social challenges in Ukraine. Under these conditions, social entrepreneurship is gaining more and more popularity. It is developing faster as an inevitable response to a difficult economic situation and an effective mechanism for overcoming them. The purpose of the paper is the justification of the need and further use of digital technologies in the activities of social enterprises: outlining the ways and providing recommendations for their use. Results. The essence of a social enterprise focused on achieving a social effect from its activity is studied. The components of a social enterprise are distinguished: social problem, social values, social goal, self-sufficiency, innovation, community involvement, social influence, and social effect. For a social entrepreneur, the primary criterion for success is "social influence". Modern challenges require social entrepreneurs to use the latest digital technologies to develop and maintain their businesses. The advantages of using digital technologies at the micro level are the automation of processes, increased labor productivity, professional and creative HR growth, the creation of innovative products, and reduced costs. Accordingly, at the macro level, these are the development of innovative entrepreneurship, cooperation with the international community of social entrepreneurs, participation in social entrepreneurship support programs, the opportunity to get a place with low competition, and the opportunity to find change-makers in the territory. A number of active programs to support the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine recommended by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine are analyzed. Conclusions. The business component of social enterprises ensures their self-sufficiency and allows solving existing social problems. The use of digital technologies in the work of a social enterprise allows: optimizing enterprise costs, increasing the efficiency of business processes, elaborating production planning, improving customer service and taking a leadership position in the selected segment.

Use of Artificial Intelligence for Marketing

The aim of the article is to investigate the opportunities of artificial intelligence in planning business processes in marketing and assess the impact of artificial intelligence in forecasting real marketing situations. Results analysis. The use of artificial intelligence in the marketing activities of trade enterprises is an effective tool and demand of the time. In the conditions of uncertainty and social challenges for business, it is the digitalization and technologization of product promotion processes that give an opportunity to preserve and develop it. The article examines the features of using artificial intelligence technology in marketing activities. The development of artificial intelligence technology is changing traditional marketing methods, increasing the effectiveness of modern marketing and reducing marketing costs. The study of the use of artificial intelligence technology to build a new marketing model of influence on the consumer is an important vector of marketing development, which will allow marketers to attract customers more effectively and determine their needs more accurately. Artificial intelligence makes it easier to work with databases to find potential customers, satisfy their needs and establish a good relationship between marketers and consumers. For example, the system can predict how certain changes in marketing campaigns might affect sales and profits. Other useful functions of artificial intelligence systems for marketing include the analysis of the effectiveness of marketing campaigns, the identification of new potential markets and the analysis of the competitive situation. In the course of the study, the stages of introducing artificial intelligence into the activities of trade enterprises, its advantages and efficiency in making management decisions are determined. The advantages of using artificial intelligence in SEO and SMM are determined. The significance of the synthesis of artificial intelligence and cognitive marketing is substantiated. Conclusions and directions for further research. Research results indicate that the introduction of artificial intelligence is an effective tool for the enterprise marketing activities, which expands the possibilities of demand forecasting, inventory management, and increases business profitability. Predicting changes in customer behavior is an indispensable function of artificial intelligence. Systems can analyze data about customers and their buying habits and predict how they will respond to certain marketing efforts. The application of artificial intelligence and cognitive marketing can help to understand and satisfy the needs of customers, allowing retailers to increase the effectiveness of marketing campaigns and make them more successful. Based on the conclusions about the effectiveness of the use of artificial intelligence in marketing activities of trade enterprises, the prospects for further scientific research will be the study of the relationship between cognitive marketing and artificial intelligence, which can help understand and satisfy the needs of buyers, and make marketing campaigns more successful.

Educational trends in the conditions of the russian-Ukrainian war and current geopolitical challenges

The article is devoted to the issue of educational trends in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war and the modern geopolitical challenges Ukraine and Ukrainian educators face. The state of quarantine restrictions due to the incidence of Covid-19 caused an active transition of most spheres of activity, including education, communication of educational process to the mixed form with the help of digital technologies. In particular, they became assistants to educators at various levels: from secondary school to institutions of higher education. The adaptation was successful with some shortcomings, which can be solved at the individual level of communication between teachers and students of different levels. Such educational trends as digitalization of the educational process, continuous learning, strengthening of social inclusion, academic integrity, combination of education with science, project-based learning, academic mobility of students and teaching staff, media literacy, psychological support of students in the educational process, recognition of the results of non-formal and informal of education within the educational process, visualization, gamification, interactivity of education, soft-skills: development of social and emotional intelligence,critical thinking, ability to quickly adapt to new conditions, etc. helped all participants of the educational process in Ukraine to boldly adapt to the unusual conditions of long-term quarantine and continue their work even in war conditions. Owing to the financial and material assistance of other countries, it is planned to rebuild destroyed educational institutions and infrastructure according to new standards, develop a new network of educational institutions, and develop in science and technology. The active implementation of educational trends at ZhytomyrIvan Franko State University allows the institution to develop educational directions even in conditions of geopolitical challenges and war.