Conditions Of Challenges Research Articles

THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THE COURSE "INNOVATIONS IN SOCIAL WORK" (FROM THE TEACHING EXPERIENCE)

The topic relevance is determined by the requirements for the training of social work specialists for innovative activities in conditions of modern challenges. The article aims to characterize the structure and content of the course "Innovations in Social Work" for the 2nd (master's) level of higher education, specialty 231 "Social Work" (from teaching experience). Scientific methods applied: generalization, abstraction, explanation, systematization, system-structural, and descriptive analysis. The author notes the importance of a systematic approach to the development of the general concept of the training course. It is justified by taking into account not only theoretical and practical aspects of innovative activity, but also regulatory and legal ones. The structure of content modules tested in the teaching process is proposed: 1) theory of innovative activity; 2) regulatory and legal support of innovations; 3) innovation as a factor in overcoming social problems of our time. A brief overview of the lectures and recommendations for seminars are provided. Considering the absence of thematic sections on innovations in the field of social protection of the population in cross-sectoral normative documents, special attention is paid to the Plan for the implementation of the Ukraine Facility 2024-2027. The reforms for the next 4 years are presented in this document. It is emphasized that some of them are considered in the module No.3 ("Social work in multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams", "Implementation of the veteran's assistant institute", "Evolution of the deinstitutionalization reform in Ukraine") with logical transition to module No.3. The proposed structure and content of the course "Innovations in Social Work" can contribute to the formation of program learning outcomes defined by the educational standard., Special emphasis is placed on the challenges of teaching innovative activities: taking into account the requirements of the standard of higher education and the professional standard, the interdisciplinary nature of knowledge, the incompleteness of legal support for innovative activities in the field of social work. Both the theoretical and legal and educational issues of teaching the course "Innovations in social work" are among the directions of further scientific research.

Humanistic foundations of the legal system: dialectics of theory and practice in the conditions of modern challenges

The article is devoted to the study of the principle of humanism as the fundamental basis of the modern legal state. The author examines the historical development of the concept of humanism from the ideas of ancient philosophers to modern concepts of human rights, emphasizing its key role in the formation of the legal system and state policy. The work analyzes the concept of «principle» and its meaning in the legal context. The author emphasizes the systematic nature of the principles of law, their interrelation and hierarchy, which is critically important for understanding their role in the formation and functioning of the legal system. Special attention is paid to the principle of humanism as a cross-cutting element of the legal system. Its key aspects are considered: recognition of the inherent value of each person, respect for human dignity, provision of conditions for the realization of rights and freedoms, striving for the common good. The author emphasizes that humanism in law is not only an ethical ideal, but also a practical guideline for law-making and law enforcement. The article also examines certain aspects of the dialectical opposition between humanism and anti­humanism, which allows for a deeper understanding of the dynamic nature of humanistic principles and their role in the development of the rule of law. The author emphasizes the need for constant critical review of existing norms and institutions for their compliance with humanistic ideals. An important aspect of the research is consideration of the relationship between the level of moral maturity of society and the implementation of the principle of humanism. The author claims that in a morally developed society, respect for the rights and freedoms of the individual becomes an organic component of everyday life, which creates a harmonious coexistence of ethical principles and legal norms. In the conclusions, the author emphasizes the need not only for formal enshrining of humanistic principles in legislation, but also for their practical implementation in all spheres of social life. This requires constant improvement of the legal system and state administration in order to maximally satisfy the needs and interests of citizens, which is a key feature of a truly legal and democratic state.

АНАЛІТИКА ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ УКРАЇНИ З ВИРОБНИЦТВА ЦЕМЕНТУ В УМОВАХ СИСТЕМНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

The article examines the activity of Ukrainian cement production enterprises in conditions of systemic challenges. The steady growth of the cement market in Ukraine in 2021 relative to 2020 has been determined. However, the full-scale war in Ukraine significantly affected the activities of cement manufacturing enterprises. The hostilities on the territory of the country have led to a decrease in the demand for cement due to the suspension of construction projects and infrastructure works, as well as due to instability and economic uncertainty. This was reflected in the decrease in business activity in the cement market in Ukraine. In 2022, the number of active cement production entities decreased by 22.2% compared to 2021. The decrease in the number of business entities in the cement industry of Ukraine led to a decrease in the number of employees, particularly, the number of employees decreased by 21.8% in 2022 compared to 2021. Such trends continued in the reduction of personnel costs of cement production enterprises by 25.1% over the last year under review. It has been proven that the most noticeable negative impact of the war on the development of the cement industry in Ukraine can be traced in the dynamics of the volumes of products sold (goods, services) of enterprises in 2022 compared to 2021: the value of this indicator decreased by UAH 7,499,298.9 thousand. or more than a third. As a result, the financial results of cement production enterprises in 2022 significantly worsened compared to 2021. In general, the level of profitability of the operational activities of cement production enterprises in 2022 significantly decreased compared to the previous three years. The most significant decrease was in profitability of operational activity resulting in a reduction of this indicator to the level of -25.6% in 2022. In general, the system challenges for the development of the cement market in Ukraine derived from war require adequate strategic decisions to support this exceptionally important activity for the post-war recovery of Ukraine. The further research of business responses for the current challenges is a perspective of the further studies in the field.

Research methods in cultural studies

Introduction: The issue of using research methods in cultural studies is a key factor in the analysis of cultural phenomena and processes. Contemporary approaches include hermeneutics, structuralism, semiotics, ethnographic, comparative, phenomenological, sociological, and psychoanalytic methods. Each of them provides unique tools for cultural research.Objective: The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of various research methods in cultural studies and to identify their advantages and disadvantages in the conditions of modern challenges. The research methodology involves the analysis of the structural components of cultural studies and the possibility of applying variable methods for their identification.Methods: The research sample consists of a set of methods: hermeneutics, structuralism, semiotics, ethnographic, comparative, phenomenological, sociological and psychoanalytical. The article examines the practices of applying methods for the interpretation of cultural texts, the analysis of structural elements of cultural systems. Results: Results of the study emphasize the importance of the integration of interdisciplinary approaches and modern technologies to increase the effectiveness of cultural studies. The conclusions of the study indicates the need to adapt traditional methodological approaches to the conditions of globalization and cultural hybridization. Prospects for further research are aimed at the development of new methodological tools and the use of modern technologies for data collection and analysis. Special attention should be paid to international cooperation and exchange of experience between researchers for the development of global cultural knowledge.Conclusions: Research methods in cultural studies are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of cultural phenomena, but they face challenges such as subjectivity in interpretation, necessitating improved methodologies and interdisciplinary cooperation

ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПЕНСИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В АСПЕКТЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

The article examines the main problems of the pension system in terms of ensuring economic security. The relevance of the topic is due to the lack of research on this topic from the side of ensuring the vital economic interests of the individual, the business entity and the state. In modern conditions of economic uncertainty and global challenges, ensuring economic security is becoming a priority for every country, including the Russian Federation. The study will analyze the existing pension system in Russia, assess its effectiveness and compliance with modern requirements. Further work will analyze the economic security of Russia, as well as develop the concept of the pension system through economic and mathematical modeling in order to balance the interests of all economic entities.

DEBT POLICY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF PUBLIC FINANCES

Since the full-scale invasion of Russian Federation, public finances (PF) have been operating under conditions of uncertainty and unprecedented security challenges, akin to those experienced by the entire economic system. The level of uncertainty is such that it overshadows the current financial crises and parity with the consequences of the Second World War. This became the core objective of the study, which consisted of substantiating conceptual approaches to the formation of debt policy, considering the peculiarities of the projection of martial law on the functioning of PF. The research employs a systematic approach to methodology, integrating methods of factual and situational analysis that are grounded in international standards for public debt assessment and theoretical generalisations. Furthermore, through a comparative analysis, the interrelationships and mutual influences between debt policy and budget strategy are monitored. Furthermore, the study assesses the potential of leveraging the frozen Russian assets to support Ukraine's post-war recovery through the PF system. The study revealed that the debt policy is an integral component of the PF system. Unlike other program documents, it demonstrated resilience to both endogenous and exogenous challenges and the capacity to implement corrective measures during economic crises. This has laid the foundation for a Marshall Plan-like strategy for Ukraine. The PF strategy, which was approved just before the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, prompted discussions on enhancing the predictability of budgetary policy and debt sustainability. This, together with the adoption of a medium-term public debt management strategy, became the basis for the actual establishment of the Debt Agency as a legal entity, which in the future will ensure, on the one hand, the privileging of grants among the financial mechanisms for covering the budget deficit, and, on the other hand, an additional level of budgetary strategy for generating a multiplier effect from the borrowed funds for post-war reconstruction. On the other hand, this approach will create conditions for the transition from external sources of financing the budget deficit to internal ones by expanding and diversifying the range of investors in government securities. It is proved that debt policy in both the short and medium term will serve as the basis for the implementation of the budgetary strategy of post-war reconstruction, and will create conditions for accelerating the process of forced reparations to compensate for the damage caused by the Russian Federation.

РАЗВИТИЕ КОРПОРАТИВНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ В ИЗДАТЕЛЬСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ВУЗА: КЕЙС УРФУ ИМЕНИ ПЕРВОГО ПРЕЗИДЕНТА РОССИИ Б.Н. ЕЛЬЦИНА

The development of corporate culture is an important component of the organization and personnel management activities in conditions of uncertainty and challenges of the external environment. As part of the celebration of the anniversary of the UrFU editorial and publishing division, corporate culture events were developed and implemented aimed at developing communications in the professional field, finding solutions to existing problems, increasing awareness in the university environment, improving activities, etc. The article presents an assessment of the activities carried out in the field of publishing in the higher education environment. In the course of the study, carried out in accordance with a special program and using mixed, quantitative and qualitative methods, the results reflecting the impact of anniversary events of corporate culture on the activities of the publishing department of the university were obtained. The need for the implementation of participatory management as a way of developing corporate culture in the editorial and publishing department of a large federal university of Russia has been identified.

Modern approaches to increase the efficiency of physical education of high school students

The article presents the results of the study and systematization of the prerequisites for the low efficiency of the physical education of school youth, including high school students, the organizational and methodical features of physical exercises with high school children are revealed, current trends in the development of the school physical education system are analyzed, and an attempt is made to identify ways of strengthening productivity of physical exercises classes in high school in the conditions of modern challenges. It was determined that since high school age is a particularly responsible period, as it is the final stage of preparing an individual for a full-fledged life, further education and professional activity. Therefore, the content and methods of physical education of high school students have their own characteristics and requirements for evaluating effectiveness. It has been established that the system of school physical education is low in terms of achieving the expected results in the process of implementing pedagogical tasks and has a number of significant shortcomings. Guidelines for its development at the state level based on taking into account the world's best practices are presented. The need to improve the physical education of schoolchildren in traditional school forms has been identified. It was found that the subject of modern research is the substantiation and development of new methods in the educational process of physical education of high school students. Modern methods are represented by a set of traditional and innovative means and methods of physical education and are aimed at strengthening the pedagogical influence on schoolchildren in various organizational forms, but only a small part of them is reflected in practice.

Tools Necessary to Transform the Enterprise Strategy Development with Due Regard to Green Economy Requirements

The article deals with studying strategies and efficiency of motivation policy used by industrial enterprises in view of economy ecologization. It provides the complex analysis of steps aimed at fostering ecologically sustainable development of enterprises and their contribution to overall economic ecologization. The author studies different strategies of motivation used by enterprises in order to cut the adverse effect on the environment and introduce innovation ecologically clean technologies. Special attention is paid to providing incentives to workers involved in processes of ecological modernization, as well as appraisal of their efficiency in the long run. Key elements of successful motivation policy were demonstrated that can promote sustainable development of industrial enterprises in conditions of ecological challenges. The proposed recommendations can be used as a practical guidance for companies wishing to introduce ecological innovation in their work.

Artistic Heritage of Polina Raiko in the Space of Modern Culture: Relevant Ideas and Projects

The article is devoted to the unique wall paintings in the estate-museum of Polina Raiko in the town of Oleshky in Kherson region, which has been damaged and destroyed significantly by high water as a result of the criminal detonation of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant in June 2023 by Russian troops. The flooding of the artistic heritage of Polina Raiko has actualized a number of problems related to the loss of cultural monuments in the conditions of the latest challenges, caused a deep rethinking of the visual experience of naive art in modern realities. Many scholars have written about P. Raiko’s unique house wall paintings. However, a profound scientific analysis of the significance of naive art in the modern cultural space of Ukraine, in the relationship between traditional and modern, in the aspect of preserving the artistic heritage in the conditions of the latest challenges, has not been carried out. Polina Raiko’s naive painting, despite the expressive authoress’s style, lack of professional background, creative autonomy in relation to the socio-cultural tradition of a certain center, retains genetic kinship with ritual folk culture. The deep connections between the artist’s wall paintings and the traditional visual practices of the South of Ukraine, manifested in a special world view, ornamental structures, motifs and painting techniques are investigated in the article. A number of current projects and artistic events in the space of modern culture has been inspired by wall paintings of P. Raiko. In this context, a review of the high-profile exhibitions of 2023 – «Polina Raiko. Disappearing» and «Special Operation “To Destroy Paradise”» aimed at supporting her house, restoration of creative heritage, mutilated during the Russian-Ukrainian war, is submitted.

ANALYSIS OF THE EXPORT AND IMPORT OPERATIONS DYNAMICS IN UKRAINE AND THE EU

Objective. The objective of the article is to analyze the current trends in export-import transactions between Ukraine and the EU and to determine their features during the large-scale invasion. Methods. During the research, the following methods are applied: the dialectical method of learning processes and phenomena (for a qualitative study of the dynamics of export-import operations between Ukraine and the EU); graphical method (for graphical presentation of current dynamics and forecast values of export-import operations between Ukraine and the EU); index (to estimate the share of imports and exports between Ukraine and the EU in the total volume of imports and exports of Ukraine, respectively); one-factor and three-factor autoregressive forecasting method (for forecasting the volume and share of export-import transactions between Ukraine and the EU). Results. Before the large-scale invasion, the EU was one of Ukraine's key foreign trade partners. As of 2021, the EU accounted for 50% of Ukrainian exports. In the case of imports, the share of the EU was 63% of all imports to Ukraine. Since the beginning of the large-scale invasion, the share of exports from Ukraine to the EU has increased to 70%, underscoring the importance of the EU as a major trading partner that not only contributes to economic stability, but also provides important logistics routes for the export of Ukrainian goods to global markets. Forecasting the share of imports and exports between Ukraine and the EU shows that, despite the decrease in exports and imports due to the large-scale invasion, the share of exports to the EU in total exports of Ukraine will increase, while the share of imports from the EU will remain constant. This testifies to the stability and importance of trade relations between Ukraine and the EU in the difficult conditions of modern global challenges. The executed forecast is based on the assumption that the large-scale invasion will continue. If the situation changes and the period of post-war recovery comes, it will be necessary to build a new forecast that will reflect new prospects for economic growth and integration of Ukraine into the world economy.

FINANCIAL PROVISION OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

The purpose of this study is to highlight the main problems that arise in the financial provision of UTCs, as well as to develop recommendations for their solution. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to conduct an analysis of the state and number of UTCs today, analyze the problems that arise during their operation and determine possible directions for solving these problems. It was determined that local finances play an extremely important role in the life of society, as it is an objective form of economic relations at the level of administrative-territorial units, the main driver of socio-economic development of regions. Given the relevance of this topic among Ukrainian scientists, the peculiarities of their interpretation of the essence of "financial support of united territorial communities" were considered. The dynamics of revenues of local budgets of Ukraine for 2022 by types of revenues was analyzed. Revenues to the budgets of local communities decreased significantly in the first months of the war, but gradually recovered during the stabilization of the situation in the country. Taking into account the research of domestic scientists on the problems and ways of solving them in the context of financial provision of territorial communities, the own vision of modern problems and ways of solving them is provided. It was emphasized that financial support of united territorial communities can be a difficult task, especially in conditions of limited resources and economic challenges. To solve these problems, the UTCs can consider a number of ways, such as rationalizing expenses, developing the economy and attracting new sources of income, attracting external sources of funding, trying their hand at obtaining grant funds, strengthening financial discipline and openness. It is also important to promote the development of local entrepreneurship, expand opportunities for increasing tax revenues, and seek cooperation with various financial organizations and experts. Also, an important and basic condition for a country that is a candidate for joining the EU is the involvement of the public in the decision-making process regarding the financial provision of the community, which will contribute to greater openness, interaction and responsibility in the management of the finances of the UTCs.

Methodological aspects of management of sustainable development of agricultural industrial and rural territories: measurement, planning, forecast

The article deals with the change in the “paradigm” of the agricultural economy that occurred and was recorded in the “Concept for the Development of Rural Territories of the Russian Federation” in 2010 (developed in the “Strategy for Sustainable Development of Rural Areas of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030”, 2015 [1]), but is not widely recognized (according to T. Kuhn’s theory of scientific revolutions), which is reflected in the increasing complexity of the systems studied by scientific economists -agrarians: agriculture (mechanistic model and independent controllable variables) — agro-industrial complex (intelligent observable system, the possibility of implementing management and quality control) — rural areas (“multi-intelligent observing systems” — social model, interdependent variables). Therefore, today it is impossible to reduce all agroeconomic research to “maximizing profit per worker or per unit of area”. Based on the need to apply a systematic approach, in conditions of challenges and sanctions, the need to expand the capabilities of traditional cost assessments based on the use of indicators (natural and relative assessments) of the quality of management decision-making is substantiated. When developing methods of analysis and management (agriculture, agro-industrial complex, rural areas), it should be taken into account that the systems approach updated in the work has also undergone three transformations over 80 years: operations research (optimization of agricultural production) or cybernetics 1.0; cybernetics 2.0 and open systems (quality management); cyber-physical systems in agriculture and agro-industrial complex.

Особливості застосування змістовних теорій мотивування працівників в умовах воєнного стану

The article examines the intricacies of staff motivation at Ukrainian enterprises in the conditions of unprecedented challenges associated with the ongoing crisis and martial law. Modern motivation strategies, aimed at identifying and satisfying actual needs, should contribute to the formation of conditions that provide staff with a sense of stability and security, thereby contributing to an increase in their productivity and satisfaction at the workplace. By studying the main theories of motivation, such as Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the theory Alderfer’s ERG, McClelland’s acquired needs theory, and Herzberg’s two-factor theory, the authors highlight the multifaceted implications of each perspective, especially as applied to the unique context of wartime. The scholarly study begins with a comprehensive analysis of motivation theories, providing readers with a detailed understanding of their applicability and challenges in various contexts. The article outlines Maslow’s hierarchical progression of needs as opposed to her more variable Alderfer classification. The researchers proposed A. Maslow’s Adapted Pyramid of Needs for motivating employees in martial law conditions, which, when used effectively, will help managers create the necessary psycho-emotional environment and minimize staff turnover. In addition, David McClelland’s emphasis on achievement, affiliation, and power needs, which are not the priority desires of employees compared to safety needs, is explored in detail. Herzberg’s dichotomy between hygiene and motivational factors is also described, which gives insight into the importance of balancing the satisfaction of hygiene and motivating needs. This article highlights the renewed relevance of foundational motivational theories in shaping pragmatic strategies in a changing business landscape. In particular, Maslow’s hierarchy and Herzberg’s two-factor theory become the main guidelines for the development of effective motivational interventions, especially taking into account the urgent needs of employees, such as physiological and safety requirements, which are the most important in the modern Ukrainian environment. The authors of the article give examples of specific measures that Ukrainian enterprises can take. use to increase the motivation of personnel in wartime conditions. In particular, intangible incentives such as support, team building, volunteering, extra days off and vacations are effective. At the end of the article, the importance of understanding and adapting motivation theories to the specific context of Ukrainian enterprises during the war is emphasized. By recognizing the nuances of their workforce’s needs, managers can effectively implement motivational strategies that promote employee engagement, productivity, and resilience in the face of conflict.

Topical Issues of Application of Quantitative Methods in the Forensic Authorship Studies

In the conditions of modern challenges of digitalization, the problems of using stylometry for the successful solution of the tasks of forensic authorship expertise of speech works posted on the Internet are considered. Based on a comparative analysis of existing techniques and new developments in the field of automation of determining the personal parameters of an anonymous author, his idiolect and stylometric identification, it is proposed to replace the uncertain, taking into account the features of new objects. The solution to the problems is seen not in the full automation of the expert examination, but in the creation of an integrative methodology of forensic authorship examination, combining qualitative and quantitative methods of identifying diagnostically and identifiably significant signs.

REGIONAL HETEROGENEITY IN ADAPTING TO EXTERNAL CHALLENGES: METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ASSESSMENT

In conditions of external challenges, each region reacts to changes in a special way, which determines the heterogeneity of adaptations. The aim of the article is to analyze the methodological features of assessing regional heterogeneity of adaptation to the impact of external challenges. Accordingly, the subject of the study is the consideration of the peculiarities of regional heterogeneity of adaptation to external challenges. Drawing on the analysis of scientific literature, the author systematizes and discloses the groups of approaches concerning various aspects of regional adaptation and assessment of its heterogeneity in terms of: adaptations to future changes as a result of digitalization and automation; economic development of regions and financial provision of the population's interests; spatial features of regional development; creation of conditions for population adaptation and implementation of adaptation opportunities. Based on the results of the study, the author identifies methodological features of the assessment, taking into account: the characteristics of the challenge of the external environment, the level of provision of territories with adaptive capabilities, the manifestation of new elements and structures that characterize the changing environment, their inconsistencies with the management context of regional development, the ability of the regional management system to cope with the relevant changes by optimizing regional management on the basis of a targeted impact on the priorities of the elements of the system. The author proposes the use of indicative assessment methods for the implementation of adaptation as a management function, based on the achievement of target development indicators (set by various development programs and projects), which would ensure the selection of priorities and the development of measures to increase the adaptive capacity of regions in order to improve the directions of the state policy of regional equalization. The results obtained may be in demand for further research concerning the study of regional processes and the substantiation of specific forms and mechanisms of adaptation, as well as the development of a methodology for assessing regional heterogeneity of adaptation.

CHALLENGES IN THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC SERVANTS AMID NEW REALITIES IN ADULT EDUCATION: CONCEPTUALIZATION OF COMPETENCE AND SYSTEM APPROACHES

The article examines the multifaceted problems faced by public servants in their professional development within the dynamic conditions of adult education's new challenges within the conceptualisation of competence and the need for system approaches. The challenges in the professional development of public servants in the context of adult education necessitate a reimagining of competence and the adoption of system approaches. Conceptualising competence in a multidimensional way, including digital and interdisciplinary dimensions, is essential. System approaches that integrate training programs, promote continuous learning, coordinate government-wide efforts, and include diverse stakeholders offer a comprehensive solution to address the complex challenges faced by public servants in the contemporary landscape of adult education. By embracing these approaches, public sector organisations can ensure that their workforce is well-equipped to navigate the evolving demands of governance effectively. As practical material for the study, the authors of the article used theoretical and practical experience in training civil servants in Ukraine and the PR China (in particular, the experience of training management personnel in these countries both in the field of formal and non-formal education, as well as the very concept of “managing personnel”).

The legal and penitentiary system as repressive apparatus: Legal methods of protecting a civil and political rights

The relevance of the study lies in the growing role of legal and penitentiary systems in the conditions of modern challenges, in particular, the state of war in Ukraine, which necessitates a clear understanding of the mechanisms of legal regulation of the execution of criminal punishments, taking into account the principles of protection of human rights, namely prisoners. The purpose of the research was to carry out a comprehensive study of the mechanism of legal and penitentiary systems, which includes the disclosure of concepts, features and principles of their functioning. The theoretical and methodological approach, the method of synthesis, legal hermeneutics and others were used to conduct the research. The results of the study demonstrated that the combination of theoretical and practical aspects of work in the field of legal and penitentiary systems allows creating a holistic view of the mechanisms that are based on the change in the social orientation of criminal punishment and contribute to the further development of paradigms of treatment of convicts. In the course of conducting this study, the impact of martial law on the legal and penitentiary systems was characterized. The peculiarities of the legal regulation of execution of criminal punishments in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine are determined. In addition, the practice of applying measures of criminal enforcement influence on convicts was analysed and, accordingly, the experience of foreign countries in ensuring the rights and freedoms of convicts was summarized. The results obtained during the research can be used by state authorities, penitentiary institutions, scientific and public organizations to improve the legal regulation of the execution of punishments, ensure the rights and freedoms of convicts, and humanize their detention

Formation of state protection for urban passenger transport enterprises

This paper considers the task to provide state financial protectionism under the conditions of today's challenges. A model of effective interaction is proposed, which takes into account selective fair financing based on indicators of the investment attractiveness of the i-th region and the priority of the i-th region. The calculations proved the independence of the regional financing priority indicator on the level of investment attractiveness of the region, or vice versa. The methodology was tested on the example of urban passenger transportation entrepreneurship under the conditions of challenges that have arisen. According to the results, those territories that are recognized as the most affected and vulnerable, and the problem of support of which can be solved only with the help of state intervention, are eligible for state protectionism. The results of the calculations show that the distribution of financial funds in the amount of state finances S=1 allocated to support entrepreneurship is carried out proportionally. A comprehensive approach made it possible to determine the regions for state funding, while the most affected regions receive the largest share of financial investments – Luhansk, Chernivtsi, Kherson, Donetsk, Mykolaiv, and Sumy oblasts, which will receive funding to support urban passenger transportation, in the amount of 17.01 %, 16.89 %, 16.74 %, 16.57 %, 16.55 %, and 16.24 %, respectively. This study is of practical interest for state management bodies as it provides methodological recommendations for the allocation of funds to support the most affected regions. It is also useful for researchers studying financial provision, protectionism, and public administration, and it is recommended that future research be conducted taking into account the level of socio-economic development of states

EUROPEAN UNION – WESTERN BALKANS: DYNAMICS OF INTEGRATION

The article was devoted to the analyses of the European Union’s integration strategy towards Western Balkans states. The author examines the reasons for transformation of the EUs’ policy from restrained attitude towards enlargement of the Union embracing western Balkans states to acceleration of this process on the background of aggravation of the geopolitical situation and armed conflict around Ukraine. The European Union’s priorities concerning its enlargement were also examined. They are oriented towards strengthening the EU’s role as important actor on global and regional scale and aimed on prevention of geopolitical competition in the region and resumption of crisis cycle in the region by means of stabilization of the region, by realization of profound social and economic as well as legal reforms in the Western Balkans states on the basis of the Copenhagen criteria. Assessment of the EU’ strategy on integration of the Western Balkans has been done on the basis of key documents of the EU’s organs and official statements of its leaders as well as results of the EU’s summits in Slovenia and Brussels (December 2023). Considerable attention was devoted to the key directions of perspective cooperation of the EU and the Western Balkans states in the areas of security and defense. The conclusion was made that the EU’s integration strategy towards Western Balkans is aimed at keeping those states in the realm of its political and economic influence and stabilization of the region in conditions of the new challenges to its stability and security.