Conditions Of Market Economy Research Articles

АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА ЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ БУХГАЛТЕРІВ

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is one of the basic subjects having a great potential for developing students’ foreign language professional competence. The present-day labor market suffers from an acute shortage of highly qualified specialists, who are able to operate in terms of integration and globalization processes as well as to implement international performance standards and latest technologies in order to successfully solve various professional problems under market economy conditions, having a high level of English language proficiency being the major requirement. In this respect, well-trained accountants are in great demand since accounting in Ukraine is going through the stage of reorientation and adaptation to International Financial Reporting Standards. Consequently, ESP is essential in professional training of future accountants since they must possess foreign language professional competence to be able to operate within International Accounting Standards. The main purpose of the article is to study the theoretical framework for defining the notion ‘foreign language professional competence’ for specialists majoring in accounting and taxation, and to substantiate how it can be achieved in practice by using appropriate teaching materials in ESP. In the course of research we used the following general scientific theoretical methods: systems analysis – to clarify the main categories of research; analysis and synthesis – to present separate assignments and to combine them according to the competencies they should develop; induction and deduction – to give the general definition to the notion ‘foreign language professional competence’ and to determine its meaning with regard to future accountants; abstract-logical method – to implement theoretical generalizations and conclusions as for the content of ESP for professional training of future accountants; graphical method – to visually present the correlation between general and special competencies, and the assignments for their development. The conducted research shows that the assignments elaborated by the author are characterized by the following: they are based on learners’ needs; they are related to the PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION AND METHODS OF TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION Issue II (82), 2021 177 subject area; they consider the collaborative work between teachers and students; they provide for students’ individual work; they reflect real life situations connected with professional activities. The proposed assignments in ESP aim at developing future accountants’ general and special competencies as well as at acquiring their foreign language professional competence. All these qualities will allow such specialists to be competitive in the modern labor market. Further research will be appropriate to investigate the issues referring to results of ESP study and efficient teaching methods to be used for professional training of future accountants.

The Last Russian Balance Scientist of the 20th Century

The main stages of creative career of professor of Saint Petersburg State University Valery Viktorovich Kovalev (1948–2020), who restored the national school of accounting study which treated the balance sheet as a financial model of the company, are shown. The paper characterizes the specifics of the Soviet school of analysis of economic activities of enterprises formed by the start of Perestroika in the USSR. The scope of the methodological tasks placed before accountant theorists by new business environment in the conditions of the development of post-Soviet economy in Russia is shown. The paper reveals the methodological basis of the methods, suggested by V.V. Kovalev, of analysis of accounting reporting of legally independent business entity in the conditions of market economy, as synthesis of the developments of national accountants of the early 20th century and conceptual framework of English-American school of corporate finance of the late 20th century. The relation of the content of the works by Kovalev to the provisions made by A.P. Rudanovsky (1863–1931) is characterized. The paper presents the influence of several personal qualities of professor Kovalev as a researcher on the development of his ideas ranging from the set of indicators of dynamic analysis of accounting reporting to a new national school of financial management which united the concepts of the Continental European and English-American accounting traditions for the first time. The paper characterizes educational activities of V.V. Kovalev in the 1990s and reveals the content of his works regarding the history of financial science. The success of Kovalev as a propagandist of accounting as science is explained.

THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DIAGNOSTICS IN THE ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY

Introduction. One of the most important conditions for ensuring the proper functioning and development of the entire sphere of entrepreneurship is the economic security of enterprises, and an important part of this process is the diagnosis of the financial condition of economic entities. Diagnosis is the main tool that allows you to objectively assess the internal and external parameters of the enterprise, to investigate economic processes in their relationship. The use of an effective mechanism of financial activity allows at an early stage to detect violations of proportions in the phases of the cycle of capital circulation in the enterprise and to establish the reasons that caused them. Methods. During the preparation of the article, a systematic approach to the study was used, which allowed to assess the state of implementation of financial diagnostics in the domestic business practice; the method of theoretical comparison for improvement of legislative regulation and directions of procedures of financial activity; the method of expert assessments - in the development of organizational provisions for the implementation of the mechanism of financial diagnostics in Ukraine. Results. The article identifies the importance of diagnosing the financial condition of the enterprise, considers the nature and necessity of a systematic analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise. The essence of the concept "diagnostics", "financial condition" is considered in the proposed article. Peculiarities of effective management of the financial condition of the enterprise in the conditions of market economy of Ukraine and the role of economic diagnostics in the activity of the enterprise are determined. Discussion. Further research on the development of financial activities will be to substantiate the implementation of modern areas of assessment of the financial condition of economic entities, especially within the introduction of digital technologies. Keywords: enterprise, financial condition, financial activity, management, diagnostics, estimation, competitiveness, liquidity, solvency.

Аналіз вітчизняного ринку ветеринарних інсектоакарицидних засобів

The main condition for ensuring the economic efficiency of agricultural livestock rearing is the maintenance of wellbeing of farm animals, which is characterized by high productive qualities and the necessary reproductive capacity. At the same time, outbreaks of diseases of various etiologies, including parasitic, are often the cause of reduced productivity of animals. Pest insects control is important in the conditions of intensive animal husbandry, when at big farms and complexes animals are concentrated in large numbers. This increases the risk of reproduction and rapid spread of many insects that parasitize farm animals and are carriers of infectious and invasive diseases and cause economic damage due to reduced animal productivity and quality of raw materials. Protection of animals from ecto- and endoparasites requires the development and creation of highly effective antiparasitic drugs, because providing the necessary range of means to combat diseases of animals, inexpensive in price, in user-friendly forms is a way to further development of animal husbandry. Recent years mark a development of the domestic market of medicines for veterinary use, an increase in the number of registered drugs, the development of enterprises producing medicines, an increase in the number of companies engaged in pharmaceutical activities in both wholesale and retail. All this speaks of the prospects of the market of medicines for veterinary use. Specialists working in the field of production and sale of medicines need immediate, objective and reliable information on the state of the pharmaceutical market. This information has a significant volume and dynamism. Identifying the peculiarities of the formation of the market of veterinary goods at the state level should contribute to the improvement of management methods in this sphere, and the development of veterinary entrepreneurship. Therefore, the reorientation of domestic pharmaceutical companies to the principles of marketing will ensure the search, development and production of effective and competitive drugs, which will meet the pressing needs of customers. The aim of the work was to study the structure of the domestic pharmaceutical market, namely veterinary insectoacaricides. Our research focused on such tasks as studying the nomenclature of veterinary insectoacaricides of foreign and domestic manufacturers by the following indicators: manufacturers, species, forms of release and means of administration. The study of imported products also focused on the country of manufacture according to the State Register of Medicines. The study uses the methods of survey, analysis, comparison, generalization to get the required information. Statistical method was used to process the obtained data. Insectoacaricides are a significant share of the domestic pharmaceutical market. The study group is represented by 186 drugs of domestic and foreign manufacture, which is about 3% of the total number of all registered drugs. Of the 186 registered drugs, 35.5% (66) are imported and 64.5% (120) are domestic. Among insectoacaricides of foreign manufacture, the largest market share is occupied by Merial and KRKA, d.d., Novo mesto – 10.6% each (7 drugs each), KVP Pharma and Veterinar-Product GmbH – 9.1% (6 drugs), and among domestic companies the products of TOV “UKRBIONIT”; VK “KRUG”; TOV “NOVA PLUS” comprises 14.2% (17 drugs), TOV “Vetsintez” and TOV “NOVA PLUS” - 10.8% (13 drugs each), TOV “MEDIPROMTEK”, TOV company “Product”, TOV “NVP “SUZIRIA” – 8.3% (10 drugs each). The implementation of marketing activities which includes the research of the pharmaceutical market, allows companies to better adapt to market economy conditions, determine tactics of competitive behavior, adapt to change, improve strategy, change the production process according to consumer requirements and needs.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF REGULATION OF ACTIVITY OF THE FOOD MARKET

The main directions of regulation of the activity of the food market in modern economic conditions are considered in the article. The study of the issues related to the food problem in the article shows that, the process of strengthening the differences in the level of economic development between countries, monopolization of international markets and inequality processes of development factors are observed in modern market economy condition. Population around the world began to grow and forming a shortage of food products. This problem is becoming more global. From this point of view, it should be noted that the political and economic impact of developed countries are intensified under the globalization processes. The analysis shows that the processes of limiting the possibility of meeting the demand of the population for food products by local sources in the globalized world are causes with negative results. This process also has a serious impact on economic security. Food security is an integral part of the state's national security system and creates favorable conditions for the stable life of society. The article shows that the food market also serves members of society and the provide growing demands of the population for food products. The efficient formation of the food market creates favorable conditions for the protection of economic viability of producer and consumer segments, as well as expansion of relations between the city and the village. Based on the analysis of the article, it was concluded that the activity of the food market must be regulated by the market mechanism with experience of developed world countries. For to achieve efficient operation of the food market must be regulate the food market through legal and economic mexanizms by the state. The food market should be provide as the main guarantor of social stability in society. At the same time, in article identified the current problems related to the regulation of the activity of the modern food market, and also put forward proposals and recommendations for their elimination.

The Role of International Standards in Improving the Quality of Enterprises

One of the main problems facing organizations that exist today is adapting to the conditions of market economy and to protect the position it has reached in the market. Recently, as the main result of the rapid development of science and technology the world economy put the high quality of produced products and offered services to enterprises as the main requirement. Therefore, entrepreneurs prefer the use of International Standards that have been tested successfully by many enterprises in many developed countries around the world. Compliance with these requirements will give the company the advantages of increasing image, profits, reducing production costs and losses, as well as access to the international market. High quality of the product, its competitiveness and very easy access to foreign markets are achieved by implementing the requirements of International standards such as ISO 9001, GOST P ISO 9001, EQS, GMP, HACCP, QS 9000, OHSAS 18001 etc.

Corporate Social Responsibility As a Source of Competitive Advantage in Large Enterprises

The competitive advantage of enterprises in the conditions of market economy is not generated merely by ensuring high quality products and services. Therefore, in their strategies, they need to involve elements such as corporate social responsibility. The aim of the paper is to identify the key sources of competitive advantage of large enterprises. In the empirical research, the hypothesis has been tested to determine if the application of corporate social responsibility by enterprises has a statistically significant effect on gaining competitive advantage in the market. The hypothesis is verified on the basis of the authors’ study of 253 large enterprises operating in Poland by means of exploratory factor analysis, the statistical method of reducing the number of classifying empirical variables, i.e. of discovering a structure in their interrelations. The procedure enabled the selection of the factors with the greatest statistical shares in explaining variability. To this end, the input space was rotated in accordance with the Varimax criterion, with the number of determined factors specified by means of the Kaiser criterion and Cattell’s scree test. The application of an exploratory factor analysis enabled the authors to construct an original factor model of sources of enterprise competitive advantage, with three factors identified: marketing, innovation activity and corporate social responsibility. This indicates that marketing activities, innovation activities and the application of corporate social responsibility are the key sources of competitive advantage in large enterprises operating in the market.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN MARKET ECONOMY

The article examines the main directions of regional economic development in the conditions of modern market economy. The experience of developed countries shows that if the state has a socio-economic development policy, the regional development policy is also applied to it. It should be taken into account that economic regions are a territory where different interests and relations are concentrated. In the article shows that the provision of regional socio-economic development is a complex process in relation to different directions of socio-economic development policy. The main reason for this is that the implementation of the regional policy is influenced by a different factors, as well as factors arising from the economic potential of each region. The effectiveness of the country's overall socio-economic development policy depends on the correct implementation of the regional development policy, as well as on the regional territorial structural policy. Regional policy is especially important for the post-soviet countries. It is impossible to generalize the regions taking into account the differences existing in the natural-geographical, socio-demographic, economic and other spheres of individual economic zones. The analysis of the article shows that the mentioned discrepancy led to the formation of serious differences in the location of the leading sectors of the national economy in the regions. Statistical analysis shows that different economic regions, industry, agriculture, etc. they differ from each other in the volume of products produced in important areas. In the article, it was concluded that many problems in the regions do not allow effective use of the existing potential, as well as slow the development of various spheres of the national economy. From this point of view, it is necessary to examine the existing conditions in the regions, many characteristic features and sharp differences in economic development, trends in entrepreneurship development in the regions, ensure balance in economic development, achieve sustainable socio-economic development of the regions. The article identifies the current problems in the implementation of regional economic development in the conditions of the modern market economy, as well as offers and recommendations for their elimination were are given.

РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕЙДЕРСТВА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ

В умовах сучасної ринкової економіки в Казахстані кримінальні елементи активно практикують використання механізму рейдерських захоплень фірм і підприємств. Незважаючи на те що рейдерство було популярно в XX столітті, в даний час воно перетворюється, методи рейдерських захоплень удосконалюються, і деколи складно розмежувати їх і цивільно-правові спори. Сучасна практика показує, що для рейдерських захоплень широко використовується недосконале законодавство, особливо законодавчі прогалини. У статті проаналізовано виникнення рейдерства в Казахстані, його розвиток, нинішній стан, а також відображені державні заходи з протидії рейдерству на всіх його етапах.

To the issue of using secondary dairy raw materials

One of the main tasks that the dairy industry is currently facing is to expand the outgoing product range, increase the production volume of the enterprise and improve the quality of its products in the conditions of a distinctive market economy. The current high level of development in the food and processing industries requires an entirely new approach to the use of raw materials. The economic essence of this approach is to create activities and implement resource-saving technologies that allow maximizing and comprehensively extract all the most valuable components from raw materials, processing them into useful products. It allows reducing or eliminating the damage that is caused to the environment only as a result of emissions from production waste. The milk processing to whole-milk products is accompanied by obtaining skimmed milk, buttermilk and whey. These main products are also secondary raw materials and resources with a generic name “secondary dairy raw materials” (SDRM). As the retail output of dairy products is increasing the question of increasing the efficiency of their production arises. First of all, it is significant for resource-saving as raw material cost reaches 80% of the cost of dairy products. The development and implementation of technological separation processes for skimmed milk, buttermilk, and whey processing are the first major tasks in the modernization of the dairy industry of Russia. Involving cycle industries allows optimizing the commercial use of raw milk, as it expands the range of functional products produced from secondary dairy raw materials.

Financial Risks in the Conditions of Unstable Market Economy

The necessity and significance of financial risks, which are a constant factor in the activity of any enterprise, are substantiated. It is established that for a broader understanding of the essence of financial risk it is necessary to consider it as a cumulative risk of the enterprise. The growing impact of financial risks on the results of financial and economic activities is associated with the uncertain economic situation, the instability of financial market conditions, the rapid introduction of new financial technologies and financial instruments, expanding the scope of financial relations of the enterprise. A system of financial ratios has been formed to quantify the risk of enterprises of different sizes, namely for large, medium and small enterprises, which most accurately reflect the current financial situation. Has been proven that the growing pressure of the crisis and insecurity on the part of the state will lead to the transition from the crisis in which enterprises are today, to a state of economic bankruptcy. It is established that the first place among the blocks of financial coefficients of risk assessment of enterprises is occupied by the block of business activity, then the block of profitability indicators, the block of liquidity indicators, the final block of capital structure. For each of the defined blocks the directions of increase, or optimization that will provide financial stability of the enterprise are presented.

Некоторые проблемы применения мер защиты имущественных интересов одиноких матерей и отцов в связи с наступлением чрезвычайных ситуаций

In the article, the author analyzes some issues of effective application of social protection means by single mothers upon occurrence of an insolvency (bankruptcy) risk in the modern market economy conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which triggered the growth of unemployment and exposed the absence of any additional guarantees of protection of rights and legal interests of some family members. Although the government has adopted some social means of protection of the population, at least temporary protection of people (especially single mothers) against creditors’ claims has not been included. The author reviews the opportunity to implement the function of additional protection of rights and legal interests of single mothers upon occurrence of insolvency (bankruptcy) and emergency situation risks at least at the judicial practice level.

Analysis of Marketing Innovation under the Condition of Market Economy

Analysis of Marketing Innovation under the Condition of Market Economy

Strategic sales management in commercial enterprises in a market economy conditions

Strategic sales management in commercial enterprises in a market economy conditions

Experimental mining of three coal seams by transportless technology

In conditions of market economy and competition it is of great importance to reduce the cost of coal mining. It is especially important when mining coal at the complicated deposits of Kuzbass. In these conditions it is important to choose the technology of stripping and winning works, providing a minimum cost for them. There are two essential factors for achieving this goal: reduction of expenses on transportation of overburden and expenses connected with alienation of lands for external dumps and their reclamation. Therefore, promising technologies are those that ensure the placement of the maximum amount of overburden in the internal dump. This condition sets the task of expanding the scope and boundaries of application of transportless technology, which is used in Kuzbass both independently and in combination with transport technology. In particular, the combined technology is used at Chernigovets open pit mine, where the upper part of the quarry field, containing Kemerovsky seam, is mined using transport technology. The lower part up to 70 m high, which includes three flat seams: Volkovsky, Podvolkovsky I, Podvolkovsky II, on an experimental basis is mined by transportless technology (the volume of stripping works is 5-10 % of the total volume). A distinctive feature of the experiment is the performance of stripping and winning operations with a single dragline excavator, which eliminates the cost of maintaining the rope shovel and bulldozer. Therefore, the experience of using this technology is of practical interest for other open pits in the basin, as well as for any other quarries with similar mining and geological conditions.

SOME QUESTIONS OF INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY IN ACTIVITY ENTERPRISE SUBJECTS

Subjects of small-scale business and business takes a leading place in development of a national economy in the conditions of globalization. In article some problems in the field of development of small-scale business are defined and business in the conditions of economy globalization, also are considered the major questions of the further development of enterprise activity. The analysis is carried out questions of use of economic resources in increase of efficiency of enterprise activity. The effective utilization economic resources in the conditions of market economy by all means raises efficiency of activity, gives the chance to operate effectively in a competition in the market. In article, questions connected with these questions are studied and conclusions and offers on the further perfection are developed.

ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗВИТКУ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ МЕБЛЕВОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УКРАЇНІ

The article considers the main characteristics and problems inherent in the furniture industry. The current state and trends in the development of the Ukrainian furniture business are studied. The analysis of furniture production in Ukraine for the last years is carried out and the biggest problem of export of the Ukrainian furniture is allocated. The necessity of introducing innovations has been proved, which can enable domestic enterprises to ensure production efficiency, minimize costs and increase competitiveness. Despite the availability of scientific papers on innovation in the furniture industry, some problems remain insufficiently addressed, which are related to the systematization and characterization of specific features of innovation in the furniture industry, identifying prospects and direction of its innovative development. Furniture is one of the most important consumer goods. They play an important role in the organization of life, leisure and work. However, a negative feature of the Ukrainian furniture business is the lack of new technologies – domestic manufacturers use worn-out and energy-consuming equipment, which leads to the loss of part of business productivity. In the conditions of market economy, world tendencies and negative economic changes connected with COVID-19, domestic producers are forced to react both to the increase of competition in the markets and to the rise in prices of raw materials and energy resources. Also, another problem is the limitations in innovative design solutions and professional modeling studios. Manufacturers themselves develop new models of furniture and design, while in other countries; furniture companies involve specialized companies in the design of new products, along with real professionals. As a result, companies that follow the latest technologies and trends in the furniture market and engage in innovation are more competitive. Despite the unfavorable economic situation and declining incomes, furniture production in Ukraine continues to develop. But we must take into account current conditions and global trends that require a more environmentally friendly and innovative approach.

Research on Rural Financial Problems based on Demand, Dilemma and Guarantee Countermeasures in China

The rural financial service system gives full play to the functions of clearing payment and settlement, providing price information and incentive, accumulating capital and managing risks under the condition of market economy. However, it still faces the problems of financial ecological environment, financial supervision and internal structure of rural financial institutions. From the perspective of security and development, the development of rural finance must improve the diversified rural financial ecological subjects, improve the legal and credit environment of rural finance, perfect and innovate the rural financial system, and promote the development of rural intermediary service agencies. We must constantly update the rural financial supervision concept, innovate the rural financial supervision model, improve the rural financial supervision laws and regulations, and improve the rural financial supervision methods.

Current strategy of personnel policy formation in public administration

The article deals with the peculiarities of the current strategy of personnel policy formation in public administration, defines the innovation concept, the components of the innovation process in the public administration system. The basic indicators of the current innovative concept of personnel policy formation in the market economy conditions are highlighted, stemming from the following ideas: flexibility and adaptability of human resource development strategy, putting together people and their property and power, which ensures every person’s freedom for occupation, active participation in personnel policy decision and its further implementation at the state, region and enterprise levels, flexibility and novel technologies of HR management activities.

Practical Guide to Applying Behavioral Economics To Competition Policy and Law In Developing Economies

Over the past three decades, the international competition policy and law community has been affected and dramatically altered by two parallel developments: (i) the significant expansion in the number of developing, transition and emerging market economies with modern competition policies and antitrust/competition laws to more than 100 countries and jurisdictions at the present time; and, (ii) the growing literature, discourse, and disputes on whether the insights from behavioral economics and related behavioral literatures are relevant to and should be applied to the design, administration and enforcement of competition policies and antitrust/competition laws and related policies and laws by countries and multi-country competition law jurisdictions such as the European Union and COMESA (the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa). However, comparatively little research and policy analysis have been conducted on assessing the interactions between these two parallel global developments. This working paper attempts to make a contribution to addressing this gap, through providing an overview of, and some guidance on, the strengths and limitations of behavioral economics and related less conventional literatures for the design, administration and enforcement of competition and related policies and laws in developing, transition and emerging market economies and in the increasingly integrated global economy. Particular attention is given to the distinctive market, socioeconomic, institutional and political economy conditions and challenges in developing economies that are important to whether, why, when and how the insights from behavioral economics should be applied to their often comparatively new competition policies, laws, rules, functions, institutions, and authorities. The guidance provided in sections 3.0 and 4.0 encompasses seventeen guidelines on the selective application of behavioral science insights to competition law matters in developing economy markets, and eleven behavioral markers of anticompetitive and non-compliant conduct, which can assist with the development of behaviorally informed theories of competitive and consumer harm. The working paper includes a quite extensive bibliography with links to articles and studies when available, in order to assist readers who may not be very familiar with some of these less conventional literatures. Furthermore, footnotes and appendices are used extensively to provide additional information to readers interested in a specific subject, while keeping the main text of the report at a “relatively reasonable” length.