Concept Of Field Research Articles

Network and Transdisciplinary Approaches as an Opportunity to Expand the Conceptual Composition of Psychology

The expansion of the conceptual field of psychology is a necessary reflection of the actions of the “fluid actor” in the “fluid modernity”. The possibility of its expansion is presented in connection with the understanding of the role of the psychologist from the position of “post-non-classical rationality”, which is guided by an abstract-analytical and (or) effectively transformative strategy. When choosing an abstract — analytical strategy, abstractly selected sides of the object are studied, where the parts define the whole, and cognition from the standpoint of “classical rationality” proceeds within the framework of the basic paradigm and its concepts. In this case, new concepts may arise if the study of the phenomenon is carried out transdisciplinary, when the position of V.M. Bekhterev on the extension of the laws that operate in the Universe, in particular the law of rhythm, is accepted. Its manifestation is noted as “rocking”, which can be correlated with the concept of “oscillation” common in physics and technology. The introduction of the concept of “fluctuations” and its manifestations into psychology is promising for describing the mechanisms of intellectual development, fluctuations of motivation, emotions, behavior. The choice of an effective transformative strategy is determined by the need to solve life problems when interacting with an object (another person) as an integral entity, type, individuality. The systemic and hierarchical structure of the conceptual composition is then supplemented by concepts that are formed in a hierarchically built community of like-minded people (at the horizontal level) and are “new cognitive tools”. The transdisciplinary approach makes it possible to use the concept of “consolidation”, which is used in studies of brain activity when the solution of an urgent problem is carried out by instantaneous restructuring of all brain systems in the direction of their “consolidation”. The concept of “mutual cooperation” is promising for the characteristics of a high level of joint actions of a collective actor. A significant expansion of the conceptual field occurs in the consultative and training options for using an effective transformative strategy, when coordination of actions to solve a problem and the transformation of participants into a collective actor is achieved by creating a new language of verbal and nonverbal concepts.

ДИНАМИКА КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА НЕМЕЦКОЙ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРЫ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ

In the paper the author regards the conceptual space as a totality of basic concepts of some culture. The research is based on the analysis of new words that appeared in the time of two pandemic years. The author uses an integrative methodology, that combines characteristics of different culturetypes to characterize German culture as a part of low context cultures; principles of speech act theory to explain new words building; syntactic principles of new words composition that implicate pragmatic sense; description of German culture basic concepts as a semantic and functional field that changes its structure at different times. The comparison of its structure before pandemic and during pandemic shows the changes of basic conceptual fields. The findings are as follows. The main basic concepts of German culture ORDER and its derivate SECURITY form the core of conceptual space. The concepts WORK, EDUCATION and MOBILITY are regarded as instruments for their realization, they round the core. But in pandemic the emotional concept FEAR (ANGST) becomes a big value and moves into conceptual core. It influences rational concepts and their fields change the structure. In the concept ORDER the attention shifts to security and SOCIAL DISTANCING. In the concept SECURITY, nominations of defense means become the core. In instrumental concepts, the FEAR is indicated by some new words that separate some sub concepts. These sub concepts are: in the concept WORK LOCK DOWN, in the concept EDUCATION HOMESCHOOLING, in the concept MOBILITY COCOONING. The findings show the mechanism of conceptual adaptation in crisis situations which is important for peaceful settlement of different conflicts.

The Arctic and the North: The Problem of Conceptualization

The article is dеvoted to the problem of conceptualizing a holistic image of the Arctic and the North from a transdisciplinary perspective, as well as in the context of the spiritual and civilizational identity of Russia, the search for the national idea. The objectives of the study are to draw attention to the need to develop an integrative paradigm of Arctic socio-humanitarian knowledge, to identify cultural and symbolic codes in the mass consciousness that characterize the conceptual field “Arctic and North”. The notions of the Arctic and the North are considered as universal concepts of world culture, a deep understanding of which is possible only by interconnection of humanitarian component with natural science aspects of cognition. For full-fledged interpretation of the mental image of a place, “the spirit of a place”, not only specific spatial coordinates, event line and personalities are extremely important, but also artistic symbolism (literature, painting, cinema, etc.), as well as linguistic-communicative component (symbolic words, verbal associations, stable expressions). The article characterizes the phenomenon of northern literature based on the perception of the Russian North and the Arctic as a special mythopoetic space, the semantic cores of which are both concrete historical and sacred-mythological semantic components. The article briefly presents the results of associative experiment conducted with the students of Saint Petersburg Mining University in order to identify stereotypical ideas about the circumpolar region in the linguistic consciousness of young people. The representation of Arctic megatrends in the Russian and global media communication space is noted as a promising research direction, especially in connection with the intensification of geopolitical disagreements. The article makes a conclusion about the actualizing of the symbolic and ideological value of the Arctic and the North for modern Russia, which is especially important in the aspect of value-semantic interaction of generations.

Teaching and learning processes from the perspective of Conceptual Fields Theory: a study in the Chemistry degree

Resumo O presente trabalho se insere em uma pesquisa mais ampla, cujo foco foi investigar um processo na formação inicial de professores de Química na perspectiva da Teoria dos Campos Conceituais (TCC). Apresentamos os processos de ensino aprendizagem como campo conceitual, com base nos preceitos da TCC, a qual foi tomada como referencial teórico e metodológico. Nesse sentido, foram analisadas as respostas de dois licenciandos em Química a um questionário relacionado às suas concepções sobre tais processos, com vistas a analisar a evolução de sua compreensão a esse respeito, à luz da TCC. Os resultados apontam para a possibilidade de se considerar o conceito de processos de ensino aprendizagem como campo conceitual e sinalizam a necessidade de sua abordagem durante a formação docente, a fim de favorecer a apropriação pelos licenciandos acerca desses processos.

Концепции универсального времени и множественности времен в понимании существования прошлой реальности

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to identify and determine the dependence of ontological ideas about the existence of past reality on thinking within the framework of competing concepts of universal time and multiplicity of times. The methods of research were the representation, comparison and ontological analysis of various ideas about the essence and nature of time, synthesis and philosophical criticism of the consequences arising from competing concepts of the multiplicity of times and the concept of a single universal time in relation to the definition of ontological characteristics of past reality. The article gives a representation of several versions of the concepts of multiplicity of times, some of which are based on the theory of relativity, others proceed from ontological differences in the processes of various forms of being — being material, spiritual, personal and social. It has been shown that in some cases, in the concepts of multiplicity of times, time itself and the idea of time as a construct of the mind are mistakenly identified, which serves as the reason for the incorrect attribution of time to atypical paradoxical properties, such as inversion — the possibility of its movement to reverse, the uncertainty of the past, present and future, the variability of the past and others. The author gives critical arguments refuting ideas about the possibility of changing the places of events and states of reality in the time relationship “earlier/later,” that is, in the sequence of their appearance and disappearance, as well as incorrect opinions about the possibility of variability of the past under the influence of processes that take place in the present and have to be in the future. The study justifies the idea that a clear and unambiguous distinction between past and present objective reality is impossible from the point of view of ideas about the multiplicity of times and is possible only in the conceptual field of theories, recognizing the unity of the world and using a single scale of universal time common to processes and events, having different ontological characteristics and flowing in arbitrarily distant places of space in different inertial reference systems.

Recitations Preference Method of Mutawatir Qıraats Imams

Özet
 Bu çalışmada tercîhin konusu, kavramsal alanı ve tarihi süreci ile birlikte mütevatir kıraat imâmlarının farklı okumalarının tesbit ve tercih yöntemleri ele alınmıştır. Kur’ân lafızlarının farklı şekilde eda edilmesi vahyin nüzul döneminden itibaren başlamıştır. Az da olsa, erken dönemde Ashap arasında Kur'ân’ın farklı okumaları hususunda tartışmaların olduğu görülmektedir. Kendi okuyuşunu daha güzel gören veya arkadaşlarının okumalarından haberi olmayan ashaptan bazılarının bu farklı kıraatleri Hz. Peygambere götürmeleri bu hususa işarettir. Nitekim Allah’nın “Kur’ân’dan kolay gelenini okuyun” (Müzzemmil, 73/20) emri ve Rasûlullah’ın “ondan kolayınıza gelenini okuyun” hadisi farklı okuma ruhsatı ile birlikte tercihi de içinde tazammun etmektedir. Medine döneminde Kureyş lehçesinden ayrı lehçeler de kullanan Arap kabileleri ve Arap olmayan başka milletlerden İslâma girenler Kureyş lehçesi ile inen Kur’ân’ı telaffuz etme ve anlama konusunda bir takım zorluklarla karşılaşıyorlardı. Ortaya çıkan bu ciddi sorunu gidermek isteyen Hz. Peygamber’e yedi harf ile okuması ruhsatı verildikten sonra kıraat farklılıkları görülmeye başlanmıştır. Tercîh ve ihtiyar kavramları kıraat imâmlarının seleflerinin kıraatleri içinden seçtikleri ve bu suretle delilleriyle birlikte kendi kıraatlerini oluşturma süreçlerindeki uygulamalarını ifade etmektedir. Hüccet ilminde, başka kavramlar ile birlikte, en çok kullanılan kavramlar ihtiyâr, tercih ve ihticâc kavramlarıdır. İhticâc, deliller ve hüccetler öne sürerek farklı kıraatler arasından birini tercih etmeyi ifade eden bir kavramdır. Nitekim kıraat ulemasının bu husustaki eserleri incelendiğinde imâmların, kıraat farklılıkları ile ilgili Kur’an’dan, sünnetten, Mushaflardan ve dil kurallarından deliller ileri sürerek tercîhlerde bulundukları görülür. Kıraat ilminde ulemâ, başta hüccet olmak üzere, illet, delil gibi başka bazı kavramlar da kullanılmıştır. Gerek tabiinden kıraat alanında öne çıkan kurra olsun gerekse mütevatir kıraat imamları olsun sahih kıraat kriterleri doğrultusunda âyet, sünnet, Mushaf, sened ve dilden deliller getirerek tercihlerini oluşturmuşlardır.

An “Experiment” of Anti-Ableistic Equality During the COVID-19 Pandemic

For a short period of time, the COVID-19 pandemic destroyed a “natural” pyramid of ableism: the frequent encounters with the unknown virus and unpredictability of an organism’s reaction revealed the relativity and arbitrariness of the few main notions on which the ableistic practices were conceptually built. At the very beginning of the pandemic period, the frightening message about the unpredictability of a COVID-19 disease was broadly spread. This fear was based on the information that the criteria of the harshness of the individual illness are very strange: even strong and healthy people may experience severe symptoms of this disease. In this article, the similar moods are discussed as a part of posthumanist anxiety, which serves as an impetus to reconceptualize the following notions: the norm, the limit, the form, and the physical health. This brief rehearsal of the possible weakening of ableism was like a social experiment showing what a society that does not celebrate physical power would look like. The pandemic as a period of complete uncertainty and insecurity highlights the revelations of contingency and reminds us of vulnerability of human body and mind. Methodologically, the article is grounded on the intersection between two conceptual fields: the posthuman philosophy of the body (Gilbert Simondon, Elizabeth Grosz, Catherine Malabou, etc.) and a philosophical analysis of ableism and its predispositions (Georges Canguilhem, Margrit Shildrick, etc).

ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ МОВНОГО ВТІЛЕННЯ ТЕКСТОВИХ КОНЦЕПТІВ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the leading concepts of the New Testament («Jesus Christ», «faith», «salvation», «sin»), and finding out the means of their forming. The concepts under study appear as multidimensional text formations, complex structural units with large sets of verbalizers, organized by associative and semantic fields. Such conceptual activity of language tools in the creation of conceptual structures is due to the fact that these concepts play an important structural role in revealing the meaning of the text, its important communicative tasks, objectify the main thematic lines, the most important semantic dominants associated with the leading biblical ideas created by the context of the whole. The study of the conceptual fields composition through the clarification of lexicalsemantic and syntactic means of their deployment allows us to reveal the content of the studied concepts, presenting them as multidimensional formations formed by interrelated components that nominate them. Concepts empirically generalize the contexts in which they appear, forming a coherent and structured content space organized by conceptual fields. An important part of the textual concepts study is the analysis of speech phenomena involved in their creation. Language explication of conceptual formations occurs largely at the paradigmatic level, which is a set of identical units, — through the means of synonymy (general, contextual and conditional synonyms) and derivation. Representing objects in a voluminous and diverse way, synonymous and derivational tools develop concepts, giving them a fairly comprehensive description. A significant activity of language tools aimed at creating leading text concepts, at forming the richness and diversity of their interpretive fields, indicates the fact that such concepts are associated with the most communicatively significant text parameters, the study of which opens up opportunities for text interpretation, its essential characteristics identification, leading themes and ideas reproducing.

Working with Media Text in the Audience: Case Method

This article proposes a holistic approach to text analysis as an object of linguistic research and pedagogical process. The purpose of the work is to demonstrate a methodology for working with a textual whole, which would be universal for both foreign students and students of Russian universities. Within the framework of the proposed concept, such concepts as discourse, media text, creolization are put forward, which indicates that the educational process is now immersed in a new semiotic reality that needs to be taken into account. We examined the methodology of working with media text in the audience. It is universal in nature and can be applied to the widest textual material. By examining the text in its many aspects, we let students understand how discursive its nature is. The text, as our case shows, is not just an intermediary between communicants. This is a synergistic reality, which is modeled by the intentions of one communicator and the peculiarities of perception of another. Our main task was to acquaint students with the features of the text as an element of discourse, as well as to learn how to work thoughtfully with its conceptual field. SEO analysis and cognitive mapping were considered as methods of working with text.

Integrative Review of Developmental Behavior-Analytic Concepts.

We reviewed five behavior-analytic concepts related to development: behavioral trap, cumulative-hierarchical learning (CHL), basic behavioral repertoire (BBR), pivotal behavior, and behavioral cusp. We searched for terminological variations of the concepts in the CAPES Journals Portal and selected for analysis 31 peer-reviewed articles written in English or Portuguese, published between 1967 and 2021, that contained the search terms in the title, abstract, or keywords and contextualized in the main text. We analysed the conventional usage of the concepts, their conceptual limitations, and the relationships among them, declared or implied, and proposed a conceptual integration of the concepts under a CHL framework, following a path indicated by other authors. We considered BBR, pivotal behavior, and behavioral cusp nonsynonymous concepts of the same logical category, referring to prerequisites for important developmental outcomes and targets of CHL-inspired interventions but defined by different effects on subsequent behavioral development. The three concepts can be conflated in a superset-subset fashion, based on the specificity of their effects: BBR consists of a broad class of behaviors that may affect subsequent learning; the subclass of BBRs characterized by far-reaching collateral effects are classified as pivotal behavior, and the subclass of pivotal behaviors whose potential effects include contact with unprecedented environmental contingencies are classified as behavioral cusps. We propose that behavioral traps be explicitly incorporated in the CHL framework, to emphasize the environmental component of the cumulative-hierarchical learning process. Our formulation seems to organize the conceptual field in a way that respects the conventional use of concepts, preserving their strengths. Regardless of the specific formulation, we believe that integrating the various development-related concepts within a cumulative-hierarchical learning framework can encourage a more proactive integration of findings, questions, and practices informed by each concept, which could lead to the mutual refinement of the corresponding conceptual and methodological frameworks, as well as new research questions and practical applications. In particular, we expect that explicitly incorporating behavioral traps within the CHL framework will provide a useful heuristic model to guide research on how natural environmental contingencies influence the systematic transformation of behavior across the lifespan.

Affine Functions and Mixed Problems in Elementary School

Background : The understanding of the concept of function is complex for students of Basic Education to. The National Common Curriculum Base (BNCC) recommends that ideas of function, such as regularity, pattern generalisation and proportionality, be studied from the initial years of elementary school. Objectives: We aim to analyse function ideas mobilised by 5 th -grade students when solving mixed problems, that is, problems involving operations of addition or subtraction and multiplication or division. Design: This study used a qualitative participant approach. Setting and participants: Thirteen elementary school 5 th graders attending a rural school participated in the research. Data collection and analysis: The six groups of students solved four mixed problems implemented by the researcher during class time. The analyses were based on the conceptual fields theory, from audio recordings of the groups’ dialogues, their written productions and through the researcher’s notes. Results: The analyses show that the six groups of students expressed the ideas of function correspondence, dependence, regularity, variable, proportionality, and affine function modelling , and two groups expressed the idea of generalisation . Mixed problems can be associated with affine function ideas and can be solved by students since the initial years. Conclusions: Based on the results and on the conceptual fields theory, we argue that mixed problems should be proposed from the initial years so that ideas of function are appropriated and deepened by students during the school process.

The conceptual field of medically unexplained symptoms and persistent somatic symptoms.

The conceptual field of medically unexplained symptoms and persistent somatic symptoms.

STEM-APPROACH IN EDUCATION AND PREPARATION OF THE TEACHER FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

The article considers the essence and potential of STEM-education, the implementation of which is important for the training of specialists of the new generation and socio-economic development of our country. The core of the basic concepts of STEM-education as a new direction in education is revealed, the appearance of the acronym "STEM" is covered, its meaning is discussed, and the conceptual field of its synonymous categories is analyzed. The main advantages of this area and the main issues of STEM-approach implementation in the domestic education system are clarified. The experience of the world's leading countries (including the USA, Great Britain, and Canada) in the implementation and development of STEM-education is analyzed. The conclusion about efficiency of activity of the establishments of the general secondary education focused on STEM-technologies is made. The necessity of improving the education system of Ukraine focusing on the experience of STEM programs implementation in the above-mentioned countries is substantiated. Possibilities of application of STEM-technologies in the New Ukrainian School (NUS) are defined (at an initial stage of training in particular). The conclusion is made about the need to restructure the whole learning process, which presupposes moving away from the teacher-centered model of learning, giving students initiative, stimulating their activity, activating development of critical thinking and creativity. It is noted that the role of teachers in STEM-education is changing, which, in turn, raises the issue of training and retraining of teachers who could work in this direction and transfer the process of STEM-education from individual to mass. The need to provide educational institutions with appropriate material resources (LEGO designing sets, computers, new generation of textbooks, etc.) has been confirmed.

Rylands Satıraltı Kuran Tercümesi ile Kırgız ve Türkiye Türkçesi Kuran Tercümelerindeki Söz Varlığı ve Tercüme Yöntemi

Bu çalışmada, ilk satıraltı Kuran tercümeleri arasında kabul edilen ve Çağataycadan daha önceki bir döneme ait olup Doğu Türkçesi özellikleri gösteren Rylands nüshası ile günümüz Türkiye Türkçesi ve Kırgız Türkçesiyle yayımlanan Kuran tercümelerindeki kelimeler ve terimler karşılaştırılmaktadır. Söz varlığı bakımından Kuran’ın satıraltı tercümesi (Rylands nüshası), gerek Uygur Türkçesi metinleri gerekse Kutadgu Bilig ve Divanu Lügati’t-Türk’le pek çok ortak kelime içermektedir. Bu kelimelerin birçoğu, elbette diğer Türk lehçeleriyle de (Kıpçak, Oğuz gibi) ortaklaşabilmektedir. Bu bakımdan söz varlığı karşılaştırmasına Türkiye Türkçesi de dâhil edilmiştir. Böylelikle bir görüşe göre 14 veya 15. yüzyıl, başka bir görüşe göre daha önceki bir yüzyılda yazılan Kuran tercümesinden değişerek veya aynı kalarak günümüze dek ulaşan ifadeler ve kelimeler tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra bu söz varlığının alındığı dil ve anlamları ortaya konulmuş, Türkçenin dinî anlam ve kavramları hangi kelime, terim ve ifadelerle karşıladıkları (kavram alanı oluşturularak) tahlil edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda istatistiklere de yer verilmiştir. Korpus üzerinden çeviri yöntemine dair tespitler de çalışmamızda bulunmaktadır. Buna göre dinî terim ve kelimelerde Türkçenin kullanım oranı ve bilinci, azımsanmayacak ölçüdedir.

Response to the letter entitled "The conceptual field of medically unexplained symptoms and persistent somatic symptoms".

Response to the letter entitled "The conceptual field of medically unexplained symptoms and persistent somatic symptoms".

Representation of the Conceptual Field “Education” in National Variants of the French Language

The paper presents an onomasiological analysis of the conceptual field "Education" exemplified by the vocabulary of the national variants of the French language of France, Belgium, Switzerland, and Canada (Province of Quebec) with the aim to establish the basic nomination principles and identify inter-variational differences within the framework of three sectors of the conceptual field "Education": "Educational institutions (établissement d'enseignement)", "Teaching staff (personnel enseignant)", "Students (étudiants)". The basic principles of nominating in the field of education are identified by considering the internal conceptual structure of the language units under analysis; inter-variational differences and alterations are stated by categorical-and-semantic comparability of the differentiation semes in the nominations of three sectors of the conceptual field "Education". The analysis allows to conclude that there exist generic categorical-and-semantic instances within nomination structures that indicate location of training or teaching, specialty, disciplines studied or taught, age, status of the teacher or student, level and methodology of training. In designation of objects in the sectors of the conceptual field "Education" lexical units get into hypernym-and-hyponym relations, thus categorically every sector is formed around some basic concept that is explicated in a hypernym, general nomination for four territorial variants of French, and a set of hyponyms that are more specific and not alike in the exemplification of general semes. The onomasiological analysis of the conceptual field "Education" reveals intervariational concomitant or alternating features, especially in sectors of "Educational institutions (établissement d'enseignement)", "Students (étudiants)" due to certain social-and-institutional reasons.

The information field of the concept ‘Russian power reputation’ in the expert and public opinion

The article presents the results of the research project on the reputation of the Russian power, which aimed at identifying and explaining the content of the concepts ‘Russian power reputation’ (state and municipal power) and ‘reputation of the levels and branches of the Russian power’ (on the example of the regional executive power), and at assessing their closeness in the conceptual field. The author developed and empirically tested (expert and public opinion polls were conducted in the regions of Central Russia in August - November 2021) a theoretical model of the ‘Russian power reputation’, which has not been independently studied before. The article presents the structure and content of the information field of this concept, which (with a certain degree of convention) is defined as twocored. The basic core is a semantic field of the category ‘reputation’, the substantive core includes characteristics of the concept ‘Russian power reputation’. The author identifies key characteristics constituting the basis of the substantive core or the near periphery of the basic core, and characteristics of the far and extremely far periphery. The content of the concept ‘Russian power reputation’ consists of two main blocks - institutional and activity - in their integrating characteristics (service to the people and effectiveness/efficiency of power). The institutional block characteristics prevail (especially in public opinion), which indicates the priority of the value content of reputation over the pragmatic one. Thus, a new concept is introduced into the scientific discourse - ‘Russian power reputation’, which means a complex national phenomenon of the historically determined social and political reality - it represents a value perception and relatively stable opinion of citizens about the authorities as based on certain experience of communication and estimates of their real actions which determine a sense of trust and embody the purpose of government - to serve the people - in a productive, effective way; and it reflects the system of citizens’ expectations and perceptions of a proper power (honest, responsible, fair, caring and protective).

The Xenology of the Powder Keg of Europe: the Reflection of the Peculiarities of Own — Alien Dichotomy in the Balkan Model of the World in the Xenopejorative Vocabulary of the Languages of the Balkan Sprachbund — Articulation of Issue

The article discusses the reflection of the features of the own — alien dichotomy in the Balkan model of the world in the xenologic pejorative vocabulary of the Balkan sprachbund languages: Albanian, Aromanian, Bulgarian, Modern Greek, Macedonian, Romanian and Serbo-Croatian. The author gives a brief review of the historical, cultural and geopolitical specifics of the Balkan-Carpathian region, which influenced the local peoples’ ideas about strangers; some traditional mythological beliefs of the Balkanians related to the conceptual field of otherness are also presented. Based on the analysis of the internal history of the word, an attempt is made to define the main models for constructing derogatory names for strangers in order to compare the data for various Balkan languages and, to the extent possible, build an integral image of the concept of alien in the Balkan conceptual worldview. According to the results of the study, the xenopejorative vocabulary of languages of the Balkan sprachbund shows significant similarities both in terms of form and content. Pejoratives with undifferentiated evaluativity absolutely predominate, which could account for the richness of the Balkan derivational morphology and a large number of lexical borrowings in each of the languages; pejoratives with an indication of appearance, features of language and peculiarities of behavior are also widely represented, however, the first are referentially limited, while the second and the third are universal, from which it is concluded that the prototypical Balkan alien is someone who speaks differently and behaves differently. At the same time, the most common target for pejorative vocabulary in the Balkan languages among all strangers is Roma people, which is bound both to a number of stereotyped ideas about the physical and behavioral distinctive features of this ethnic group, and to the historical isolation caused by the nomadic way of life and the closedness of the Roma community from outsiders.

Probabilistic Approach Guides Field Development Plan in Niger Delta

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 207146, “Conceptual Field Development Plan for X Field,” by Khadijah Ibrahim, SPE, Petrus Nzerem, and Ayuba Salihu, SPE, Nile University of Nigeria, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ The development plan of a new oil field discovered in a remote offshore environment in the Niger Delta was evaluated. Because the oil in place was uncertain, a probabilistic approach was used to estimate the stock-tank oil originally in place (STOOIP) using low, base, and high cases. The base model is recommended for further implementation. The quantity of oil produced is estimated at 15,000 STB/D, which will require a separator that has the capacity of holding a liquid rate of approximately 20,000 STB/D. The authors find that this developmental plan is cost-effective. Introduction Field X is offshore Nigeria in water depths of 330 ft. The field has an uncertain oil in place, with a possibility of low, base, and high cases. The field reservoir information is available from the exploration and seismic well data provided. The field size (i.e., STOOIP) is estimated at 95 million (low), 145 million (base), and 300 million (high) STB, with an irreducible water saturation of 22%. The reservoir depth is 7,400 ft true vertical depth subsea (TVDSS), with a net pay thickness of 45 ft. The aquifer supporting the reservoir has a strength of 9, with a permeability of 200 md and a porosity of 18%. Generally, the reservoir has permeability and compressibility of the rock formation obtained from the log results of 250 md and 3.5×10–6 psi–1. The reservoir pressure is measured to be 3,400 psia. The field development plan will incorporate production forecasts from the target date of first production, 1 January 2023, through 1 January 2038, for a 15-year field life. The complete paper presents the field development strategies and economic analysis of different well models to evaluate the most-efficient modeling profile for the new field. Methodology Well-Modeling Profile and Performance Analysis. It is assumed that the field will be produced using a platform with a wellhead reference depth of 20 ft above the rotary kelly bushing. The well is assumed to be a vertical well with no deviation. The skin value is estimated to be 1, thereby having a slight effect on the productivity index. Pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) data were available for the oil in place. Using commercial software, the fluid parameters for bubblepoint pressure, oil volume factor, and oil viscosity were matched in the PVT analysis at a reservoir temperature of 170°F and a pressure of 3,400 psia. The measurements of formation volume factor, gas/oil ratio, and oil viscosity at this pressure were used to provide a single match point for the generation of PVT data.

THE CONCEPTUAL OPPOSITION «OWN - ALIEN» IN THE CHINESE LANGUAGE IMAGE OF THE WORLD

The article is devoted to the study of the opposition «Own - Alien», which is significant in intercultural communication, and the peculiarities of its implementation. «Own - Alien» is presented as a universal basic concept of culture and linguistic culture. The article presents the results of the analysis of the process of conceptualization of the opposition «Own - Alien» based on the material of proverbs and phraseological units of the Chinese language containing the terms of kinship «father / mother». In the course of the study, chengyu were selected and further divided into semantic modules and micromodules. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to achieve mutual understanding between representatives of Russian and Chinese cultures, as well as the need to analyze both general and national-specific patterns of the implementation of the opposition «Own - Alien» in Chinese chengyu, which convey information about the mentality of the nation. The object of the study was the mechanisms of language actualization of the opposition «Own - Alien». The subject of the proposed study is a system of semantic modules that actualize the opposition «Own - Alien» through the terms of kinship «father / mother». The purpose of the work is to develop a classification of the conceptual fields «one's own» and «alien». The study was carried out on base of the material of Chinese chengyu dictionaries.