Conceptual Equivalence Research Articles

Bonds over Electrons: Proton Coupled Electron Transfer at Solid-Solution Interfaces.

This Perspective argues that most redox reactions of materials at an interface with a protic solution involve net proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) (or other cation-coupled ET). This view contrasts with the traditional electron-transfer-focused view of redox reactions at semiconductors, but redox processes at metal surfaces are often described as PCET. Taking a thermodynamic perspective, transfer of an electron is typically accompanied by a stoichiometric proton, much as the chemistry of lithium-ion batteries involves coupled transfers of e- and Li+. The PCET viewpoint implicates the surface-H bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) as the preeminent energetic parameter and its conceptual equivalents, the electrochemical ne-/nH+ potential versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and the free energy of hydrogenation, ΔG°H. These parameters capture the thermochemistry of PCET at interfaces better than electronic parameters such as Fermi energies, electron chemical potentials, flat-band potentials, or band-edge energies. A unified picture of PCET at metal and semiconductor surfaces is presented. Exceptions, limitations, implications, and future directions motivated by this approach are described.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a Spanish version of the self-administered foot evaluation questionnaire (SAFE-Q)

BackgroundThe self-administered foot evaluation questionnaire is a comprehensive measure for assessing the perception of patients regarding their foot-related problems. However, it is currently only available in English and Japanesse. Therefore, this study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the questionnaire to Spanish and assess its psychometric properties. MethodsThe methodology recommended by the International Society for Pharmaco Economics and Outcomes Research for translating and validating patient-reported outcome measures was followed for the Spanish translation. After a pilot study with 10 patients and 10 controls, an observational study was carried out between March and December 2021. The Spanish version of the questionnaire was filled by 100 patients with unilateral foot disorders, and the time spent to complete each questionnaire was recorded. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to analyze the internal consistency of the scale and Pearson's correlation coefficients for the degree of inter-subscale associations. ResultsThe maximum correlation coefficient for the Physical Functioning, Daily Living, and Social Functioning subscales was 0.768. The inter-subscale correlation coefficients were significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, the value of Cronbach's alpha for the whole scale was 0.894 (95% confidence interval, 0.858–0.924). The values of Cronbach's alpha varied between 0.863 and 0.889 when the value of one of the five subscales was suppressed, which can be considered a measure of good internal consistency. ConclusionThe Spanish version of the questionnaire is valid and reliable. The method followed for its transcultural adaptation ensured its conceptual equivalence with the original questionnaire. Health practitioners can use the self-administered foot evaluation questionnaire as a complementary method to assess the interventions performed for ankle and foot disorders among native Spanish speakers; however, further research is necessary to assess its consistency for use by populations from other Spanish-speaking countries.

Pedagogy of Rethinking: Teaching Students to Transform Conventional Professional Practices to Sustainable Ones

Sustainable development serves an umbrella concept for the transformation of individual and professional life. Students of higher educational institutions must acquire the skills of sustainable decision making and practicing, which will be applied in their working place. They might face problems in changing the existing professional practices to sustainable ones. The experience of ESD methods application in the universities of Ukraine, Poland, and Latvia was analysed in order to define common challenges and issues encountered by the supervisors of the courses, which included design of a project. The courses with projects were taught to the students of all three education levels with various backgrounds: Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Transport Technologies, and Management. The central idea of those projects was to transform chosen industrial and managerial practices to ones aligned with the SDGs. A self-assessment of course results, comparative analysis of methods and approaches used yield a list of recommendations and methods that contribute to the rethinking capacity for transformation of any professional field practices towards the principles of sustainability. In particular, it is clear that the project course should be co-created using transformative learning approach and “flipped classroom” to stimulate generation of students’ ideas. Equally important is to adapt SDGs to each professional field not only highlighting their varied applicability but also conceptual equivalence. The important result of project-based learning is also action competence of students, being ready and interested to implement sustainability principles in their work and see them as options for entrepreneurship and business development.

Cross-cultural translation and adaptation of the ViDa1 questionnaire to Brazil Portuguese

The present study aimed to make the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ViDa1 questionnaire to Portuguese (Brazil). The process involved five steps: (1) translation of the original instrument; (2) reconciled translation; (3) back translation; (4) analysis of the semantic, idiomatic and conceptual equivalents between the original and the back-translated instrument, and (5) pre-testing. The results showed that in the instrument in Portuguese (Brazil) all equivalences performed were satisfactory for use in Brazil, and the ViDa1-Br version, when applied in the pre-test stage, reached a good understanding regardless of the respondent's education. The ViDa1 questionnaire instrument translated and cross-culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese, called ViDa1-Br, presented an adequate level of acceptability and understanding and could be used to assess the QoL of people with DM1 in Brazil.

Italian cross-cultural adaptation of the patient-reported outcome measure of ataxia.

The patient-reported outcome measure of ataxia (PROM-Ataxia) is the first patient-reported questionnaire specifically developed for use in patients with cerebellar ataxia. The scale was recently designed and validated in English language, and it consists of 70 items encompassing all aspects associated with the patient experience, including physical and mental health and their consequences on activities of daily living. The aim of the study was to translate and culturally adapt into Italian the PROM-Ataxia questionnaire, before assessing its psychometric properties. We translated and culturally adapted into Italian the PROM-Ataxia following the ISPOR TCA Task Force guidelines. The questionnaire was field tested via cognitive interviews with users. The Italian patients found that the questionnaire was complete, and no significant contents related to the physical, mental, and functional dimensions were missing. Some items were found redundant or ambiguous. Most of the identified issues pertained to semantic equivalence, and a few to conceptual and normative equivalence, while the questionnaire did not contain any idiomatic expression. The translation and cultural adaptation of the PROM-Ataxia questionnaire in the Italian patient population represent the pre-requisite for the subsequent psychometric validation of the scale. This instrument may be valuable for cross-country comparability that would allow the merging of the data in collaborative multinational research studies.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the PM-Scale: A specific measure of participation after stroke

BackgroundThe PM-Scale was developed specifically to assess participation in individuals after stroke based on the concepts contained in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. However, this measure is only available in English and French. ObjectiveTo translate and cross-culturally adapt the PM-Scale to Brazilian Portuguese, followed by the validation and testing of reliability of the translated version. MethodsThe translation process followed standard guidelines. Preliminary test-retest reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1). The Rasch model was employed to analyse the validity, unidimensionality, invariance, and internal consistency of the Brazilian version of the PM-Scale. ResultsThe final translated version of the PM-Scale presented appropriate semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual equivalence. The preliminary analysis revealed excellent intra-observer and inter-observer reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.91; 95%CI: 0.83, 0.95 and ICC2,1 = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.64, 0.89, respectively). The analysis of the Rasch model revealed only one erratic item. An excellent overall fit was found for items (mean ± SD = 0.01 ± 1.02) and adequate fit was found for persons (mean ± SD = 1.16 ± 0.88). Internal consistency was considered adequate (person separation index = 1.77, reliability = 0.76). No significant invariance was found with regards to the personal characteristics of the sample (p > 0.05). ConclusionThe Brazilian version of the PM-Scale is a valid, unidimensional, linear, reliable scale for measuring participation in stroke survivors and can be administered in less than five minutes.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Short Version of the Reflux Symptom Score: Reflux Symptom Score-12 into Brazilian Portuguese.

To describe the process of translation into Brazilian Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation of the French Reflux Symptom Score-12 questionnaire used for the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. This was a cross-cultural translation and adaptation study of a health instrument, with a cross-sectional design. It was carried out in eight stages: translation from French into Brazilian Portuguese, cultural adaptation by a panel of experts, application of the first version (pilot test 1), adaptation by a panel of experts, application of the second version (pilot test 2), back translation, reviewing by a committee in conjunction with the author of the original instrument and, application of the final version. The Brazilian Portuguese versions of the questionnaire were applied to individuals with symptoms and signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux who underwent pHmetry and esophageal manometry at the study site. In pilot test 1, the first version of the RSS-12 in Brazilian Portuguese was applied to 30 patients. The patients had no difficulty to understand any of the 12 symptom items, but 15 patients (50%) had difficulty interpreting the symptom frequency score. After adapting the format of the frequency score, a version 2 of the RSS-12 in Brazilian Portuguese was applied to another 23 patients, who completed the questionnaire in full without any difficulty. Along with the review committee, the author of the original RSS-12 considered the version 2 to be adequate and did not propose any changes, so it was approved as the final version of the Brazilian Portuguese RSS-12. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the instrument, called Reflux Symptom Score-12 PT-BR, shows good understanding and linguistic, conceptual and content equivalence, in relation to the original Reflux Symptom Score-12.

Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Pilot Testing of the Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) in the Dutch Culture

ABSTRACT Concepts such as participation and environment may differ across cultures. Consequently, to use a measure like the Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) in other than the original English-speaking contexts, cultural adaptation needs to be assured. The objective is to cross-culturally translate, adapt, and pilot test the YC-PEM into the Dutch language and culture. In total 3 cognitive interviews with caregivers and one focus group with Occupational Therapists (N = 5) working in early intervention were conducted to evaluate the cultural relevance of the YC-PEM content for use in a Dutch context. Data was analyzed by content analysis using semantic, idiomatic, content, and conceptual equivalence. The YC-PEM was pilot tested with 31 caregivers of children with and without disabilities. Setting specific estimates of internal consistency and test–retest reliability were obtained. Results show adaptations mainly focused on content and conceptual equivalence, with conceptual equivalence being the most challenging to reach. Internal consistency estimates varied from .42 to .93 for the participation scales and from .74 to .83 for the environmental scale. This study gives preliminary evidence for the use of a culturally adapted YC-PEM in Belgium and the Netherlands. Further validation in a larger sample is indicated to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Coping with rheumatic stressors (CORS) questionnaire: Spanish translation and cross-cultural adaptation

BackgroundRheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (RMDs) substantially impact the lives of patients, with complex associations between disease severity and self-perceived health status. In this regard, the Coping with Rheumatic Stressors (CORS) questionnaire was developed to measure how patients with RMDs cope with stressors such as pain, limitations or dependency. The CORS is not currently available in Spanish, and therefore the adaptation of this instrument is needed.ObjectiveFirst, to cross-culturally adapt the CORS into Spanish for Spain. Secondly, to test the conceptual equivalence of the translated version in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).MethodsA translation of the CORS into Spanish was performed adhering to the forward-backward procedure described by Beaton. Two translators produced independent forward translations of the item content, response options, and instructions of the CORS into Spanish. Both versions were harmonized in a consensual version. Another translator back-translated the synthesized version into Dutch. A scientific committee including all the translators, one methodologist and a rheumatologist, held a meeting and reached consensus on discrepancies to develop a final draft version of the Spanish CORS. Then, a field test with cognitive debriefing was conducted, involving a sample of 10 patients with axSpA.ResultsThe translation process of the CORS was completed after the discussion of some discrepancies throughout the process. The first translation was done without major complications. Back-translation presented some discrepancies. These led to minor modifications in the wording in one response option and 15 questionnaire items. The scientific committee agreed upon a final version of the questionnaire. Cognitive debriefing, led to minor modifications; for example, three respondents indicated that one of the statements in the instructions was syntactically complex (“indique cuán a menudo usted ha llevado a cabo dicho comportamiento”) which led to its adjustment. The process indicated that the final CORS Spanish questionnaire was clear and understandable to all patients.ConclusionsThe Spanish version of the CORS showed good cross-cultural validity and good face validity according to the field test. Before the Spanish CORS is implemented, further validation is in progress to test the psychometric properties of the instrument in patients with axSpA.

The cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of a learned helplessness scale for maintenance hemodialysis patients in China (LHS-MHD-C).

Learned helplessness (LH) is an important concept in nursing. This study aimed to adapt and translate the Arthritis Helplessness Indexscale into a Chinese version of an LH scale for maintenance hemodialysis patients in China (LHS-MHD-C), and to validate its psychometric properties. Data collected included LHS-MHD-C, as well as the Hospital Depression Scale (HADS-D), and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) for assessing LHS-MHD-C's criterion validity (predictive and concurrent, respectively). The expert consultation and the pilot study demonstrated semantic and conceptual equivalence and content validity (except for Item 3, the item content validity ranged from 0.82 to 1, and the scale content validity was 0.95). An exploratory factor analysis (n = 146) eliminated three items and accepted 11 items for the two factors, explaining 63.87% of the total variance. A CFA (n = 218) showed that the two-factors structure was consistent with the LH theory. The LHS-MHD-C can distinguish between maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients of different ages, education, working status, monthly income, and MHD duration. The scale had good concurrent validity with the BHS (r = .78, p < 0.01). Using the HADS-D as a criterion, the LHS-MHD-C showed a sensitivity of 86.2% and a specificity of 96.8%. A total score of 36.5 may be the best cut-off value for predicting MHD patients' depression. The scale showed good reliabilities (Cronbach's α value of .759, test-retest reliability of 0.772, and split-half reliability of 0.774). This study found that the LHS-MHD-C is a reliable and valid scale for assessing Chinese MHD patients' helplessness.

Contextualizing motherhood in persons with borderline personality vulnerabilities: cultural adaptation of the parent development interview-revised in an Indian context.

An understanding of the complex intersection of borderline personality vulnerabilities and motherhood calls for an integrative and culture-sensitive lens in assessment and therapeutic interventions. The aim of the study was to explore constructions of motherhood in an Indian context to inform the adaptation of the Parent Development Interview-Revised (PDI-R) for use with mothers with borderline personality vulnerabilities. A stepwise framework was followed to obtain conceptual, semantic, and operational equivalences for the PDI-R adaptation. Interviews on contextualised aspects of motherhood were conducted with a sample of eight mental health practitioners specializing in borderline personality disorders, women's mental health or child psychology, two cultural psychologists, one gynaecologist and one paediatrician. Six emergent themes were identified through thematic analysis, 'The ideal mother and her search for identity,' 'Mothering the mother and the vicissitudes of care,' 'Not just mine - negotiating boundaries,' 'Mother knows best,' 'Food, feeding and embodied nurturing,' and 'Approaching motherhood in the clinic.' The proposed adaptations to the PDI-R were further reviewed by two experts, a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist specialised in perinatal services. This was followed by the process of operational equivalence through administration of PDI-R with two mothers with borderline personality vulnerabilities and two mothers from the community. The expert review and the administration informed the final adaptation of the PDI-R. A systematic process of adaptation can support the use of measures like the PDI-R in different cultures. A contextual understanding of constructions of motherhood and borderline personality has potential to support meaningful assessment and targeted parenting interventions.

Brazilian Portuguese version and content validity of the Strengthening and Stretching for Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hand (SARAH)

IntroductionThe Strengthening and Stretching for Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hand (SARAH) program is a personalized, progressive 12-week exercise program for people with hand problems due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients are provided with two guidance documents, the ‘Patient Exercise Booklet’ and the ‘Personal Exercise Guide’, to continue the exercises independently at home.ObjectiveThis study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the SARAH protocol into Brazilian Portuguese and validate its content.MethodsThe guidance documents ‘Patient Exercise Booklet’ and ‘Personal Exercise Guide’ of the SARAH program were translated and culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. The content validity was obtained by calculating the content validity index (CVI).ResultsThe Brazilian version of the SARAH protocol reached semantic, idiomatic, conceptual, and cultural equivalences. The CVI was greater than 0.8, corresponding to a satisfactory index. The verbal comprehension was 4.9, showing good verbal comprehension of the target population.ConclusionThe Brazilian Portuguese version of the SARAH protocol is available to Brazilian people with compromised hands due to RA with satisfactory content validity.

Measurement invariance of the comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire in dual-earner parents with adolescent children in Chile.

The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) has been evaluated in international studies, but the evaluation of its psychometric properties in Spanish, and in particular for parents of adolescents is still limited, and the invariance of measurement according to gender has not been evaluated. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: (1) To adapt the five-factor model of the CFPQ instrument to Spanish; (2) To examine the psychometric properties of this adaptation; and (3) To evaluate the measurement invariance of the model to verify the equivalence of measurement of the perceptions of food parenting practices between mothers and fathers belonging to nuclear, dual-earner families with adolescent children. Participants were 946 mothers and fathers from Southern Chile. Results showed that the conceptual equivalence for the CFPQ was achieved. An exploratory factor analysis was performed for a five-factor model: Monitoring, Child control, Restriction for weight control, Modeling and Environment. Horn's parallel analysis identified four factors, while factor loading analysis determined the removal of the environment factor. Confirmatory factor analysis presented good reliability values. Convergent and discriminant validity was confirmed, and medium-to-high levels of goodness of fit were obtained, eliminating two items. Results supported a final model of four factors and 19 items. Multigroup analysis of the measurement model verified the configural and metric invariance between fathers and mothers, while the scalar and strict partial invariance was verified. These findings are a relevant guide to measure factorial scores in the four-factor model of the CFPQ, establishing a characterization of feeding practices of parents and adolescents.

CanCOG®: Cultural Adaptation of the Evidence-Based UCLA Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention Program for Cancer Survivors in Portugal

Cognitive difficulties are highly prevalent and negatively impact cancer survivors' quality of life. The UCLA Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention Program (in short, UCLA program) is an evidence-based intervention developed and tested in the US to address the cognitive complaints of cancer survivors. Since there are no cognitive rehabilitation programs available for Portuguese cancer-related settings, this study aimed to culturally adapt the UCLA program to Portugal. Nine steps were implemented for this cultural adaptation: needs assessment, initial contacts, translation, cultural adaptation, independent review by a panel of experts (n = 6), focus group discussions with cancer survivors (n = 11), systematization of inputs and improvement of the final materials, fidelity check, and preliminary acceptability assessment. The findings suggested that changes to the original materials were needed. A Portuguese name, "CanCOG®-Reabilitação Cognitiva no Cancro" (in English "CanCOG®-Cognitive Rehabilitation in Cancer"), and a logo were created to make it more memorable and appealing for the Portuguese population. The language was adjusted to ensure content accessibility and semantic and conceptual equivalence. Finally, references to several cultural aspects, such as habits, customs, and traditions, were adapted to fit the new cultural context. The UCLA program may be a promising tool to help alleviate the cognitive difficulties reported by cancer survivors in different cultural contexts. Future research is needed to confirm the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of its Portuguese version, "CanCOG®-Reabilitação Cognitiva no Cancro".

Cross-cultural adaptation, content validity and analysis of items of the Objective and Subjective Knowledge and HIV Testing Scale for the Brazilian population.

The objective was to propose a Portuguese version of the Objective and Subjective Knowledge and HIV Testing Scale (OSK-HIV-TS), to assess content validity and to perform analysis of items when applied to a sample of undergraduate students. Three translators translated the OSK-HIV-TS into Portuguese. Judges evaluated each item of the consensual version of the translated instrument according to semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual equivalences. A consensus committee reviewed the back-translated and original versions of the OSK-HIV-TS. Content validity was calculated by content validity index and analysis of items conducted using Classical Test Theory (CTT). The translated scale presented semantic, idiomatic, conceptual, and cultural equivalence in relation to the original version. A total of 491 undergraduate students participated and a high proportion of right answers was observed on the distribution of students' responses to the OSK-HIV-TS. All items were classified as easy or very easy and only the item 16 was classified as strong according to discrimination index. The OSK-HIV-TS is a novel instrument for assessing HIV knowledge in Brazilian literature that can inspire more research on HIV/AIDS behavior and associated factors, which, despite being essential and necessary, are still lacking in the Brazilian literature.

Adaptação transcultural da versão brasileira do Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for use in the Brazilian context. Methods Independent translations into Portuguese of the original version and respective back-translations into English were performed. The steps were evaluated by an expert committee and the translated version was applied in a group of both genders, of different ages and education. Results After suggested modifications in the translation processes, the expert committee considered that the translated and adapted version presented conceptual and semantic equivalence. The translated version was applied to a sample of twenty people and only one question related to the amount of fat in the food required a new round to obtain understanding and clarity. Conclusion We present an adapted version of Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for the Brazilian context, which has adequate conceptual, cultural, and semantic equivalence, being objective and comparable to the original version. Future studies should confirm clarity, reliability, and validity.

Adaptação transcultural e análise da confiabilidade da versão brasileira do questionário de reabilitação para o trabalho - WORQ

Abstract Introduction The Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ) is an international instrument, based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), used to assess the functional capacity of people with work disabilities. Objective To perform a cross-cultural adaptation and a reliability analysis of this instrument for the Brazilian population. Method The cross-cultural adaptation consisted of translation, synthesis of translations, back translations, analysis by the committee of judges, pre-test, and pilot test. The results were obtained by calculating the agreement rate for semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence. Reliability was tested by analysis of stability, equivalence, and internal consistency by calculating Cronbach’s Alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Results Five translators, eight judges, and 14 possible users in the pre-test participated in the first stage. The agreement rate was &lt;90% only for idiomatic equivalence, resulting in orthographic adjustments without changing the instrument construct. The reliability was tested on 34 workers with disabilities, with a mean age of 40.3 (±4.2) years, of both sexes, employees of an educational institution in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, hired through the Quotas Law (8,213/91). The internal consistency showed values &gt;80% in all domains and was &gt;90% for the total score. Fifteen days after the first assessment, 20 of these participants were randomly selected for reassessment. The ICC values for stability and equivalence were 82.5% (p=0.008) and 95.4% (p&lt;0.001), respectively. Conclusion The WORQ was translated and cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and reliably responded to the ICF domains. The Brazilian version of the WORQ is available at http://www.myworq.org/questionnaire_en.php.

Culturally sensitive translation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale into Marathi language to assess perinatal depression in rural Maharashtra, India

Tools to screen perinatal depression are developed in English and for their effective use in culturally and linguistically diverse settings it is important to translate them appropriately, contextually adapt them, and rigorously validate them in the local populations. Marathi is the third most spoken language in India, yet there is no culturally sensitive translation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) into Marathi till date. In this paper, we describe the systematic process of translation and adaptation of the EPDS into Marathi. EPDS was translated into Marathi using the following steps: forward translation, bilingual committee discussion, cognitive interviewing and pre-testing, backward translation, and comparison of the original English version with the back-translated English version (linguistic equivalence). Ten pregnant women were initially involved in cognitive interviewing and provided feedback on the Marathi version. Further, conceptual equivalence was tested with 20 non-pregnant women with bilingual skills and operational equivalence to compare self-administered and interviewer-administered version was completed with 20 pregnant women . Scatter plot, Bland-Altman plot, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were estimated to assess the relationship between the two versions: English and Marathi in case of conceptual equivalence and self-administered and interviewer-administered in case of operational equivalence. Pearson's correlation coefficient between the original English version of the EPDS and the Marathi version of the EPDS was 0.99 (p<0.001). The difference in scores between the two versions for all participants was within the limits of agreement as per the Bland-Altman approach. Similarly, for the self-administered and interviewer-administered Marathi version of the EPDS, the correlation coefficient was 0.96 (p<0.001). The difference between the two scores for nine out of ten participants was within the limits of agreement as per the Bland-Altman approach. This is only the second study to date to use a systematic process-based approach for culturally sensitive translation and adaptation of the EPDS into another language. The two Marathi versions of the EPDS (self-administered and interviewer-administered) can now be used for assessment of the psychometric validity of the tool.

Cross-cultural adaptation and content validity of the Adverse Events Associated with Nursing Practices instrument.

To conduct the cross-cultural adaptation and evaluate the evidence of content validity of the Adverse Events Associated with Nursing Practices instrument in the Brazilian context. Psychometric study, conducted between June 2021 and February 2023, following the stages of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System protocol. Semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalences were evaluated, along with content validity evidence, considering Content Validity Ratio (CVR) parameters, with the participation of 25 experts. A Brazilian version with 55 items was obtained, demonstrating good linguistic equivalence to the original version (agreement rate=99.2%), and adjustments in the items writing. CVR values remained above 0.60. Cognitive testing indicated good understanding, confirmed by the 31 participants in this stage, with a short application time (average = 17 minutes). The final version of the instrument showed good linguistic equivalence, strong evidence of content validity and a good response process in the Brazilian context.

Translation, Validity and Internal Consistency of the Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire for Brazilian families of patients that died from cancer: a cross-sectional and methodological study.

The Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire (QoDD) may prove to be an important evaluation tool in the Brazilian context, and, therefore, can contribute to a more precise evaluation of the dying and death process, improving and guiding the end-of-life patient care. To translate and cross-culturally adapt the QoDD into Brazilian Portuguese and measure its validity (convergent and known-groups) and internal consistency. A cross-sectional, methodological study was conducted at the Hospital de Câncer de Barretos, Brazil. A total of 78 family caregivers participated in this study. Semantic, cultural, and conceptual equivalences were evaluated using the content validity index. The construct validity was assessed through convergent validation and known groups analysis [presence of family members at the place of death; feel at peace with dying; and place of death (hospital versus home; hospital versus Palliative Care)]. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. The questionnaire was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and presented evidence of a clear understanding of its content. Cronbach's alpha values were ≥ 0.70, except for the domains of treatment preference (α = 0.686) and general concerns (α = 0.599). The convergent validity confirmed a part of the previously hypothesized correlations between the Palliative Care Outcome Scale-Brazil (POS-Br) total scores and the QoDD domain scores. The QoDD-Br domains could distinguish the patients who died in palliative care and general wards. The QoDD-Br is a culturally adapted valid instrument, and may be used to assess the quality of death of cancer patients.