Conceptual-categorical Apparatus Research Articles

Systematic analysis of the functional features of the information and analytical system of the professional development of the communicative culture of documents

The need for systematic analysis of information and analytical systems in the fields of knowledge education/pedagogical sciences, socio-behavioral sciences and culture and art has been updated. The conceptual-categorical apparatus of the system analysis of the functionality of the information-analytical system of the professional development of the communicative culture of document editors is singled out. The concept of "informational and analytical system" has been clarified, the definition of "informational and analytical system of higher education institutions" has been specified. The goal of formation and target tasks of the information and analytical system of higher education institutions, its structure and factors of regulation are disclosed, the structural components of the system are established. The methodical apparatus of the system approach in information-analytical activity and the subject area of research of the system analysis of the information-analytical system of the professional development of document editors have been clarified. The classification features of system-forming characteristics, which are the subject of system analysis, are singled out. A systematic approach was applied to determine the functional structure of the system. Management functions have been updated, classification features of management functionality have been highlighted. In the course of the system analysis, the functional features of the information- analytical system of professional training and development of the communicative culture of document editors were classified, namely the functions: law-enforcing legal protection of social guarantees of the national and global dimension; political- administrative by types and types of policies of different levels of management; socio-economic connection to ensure the effectiveness of the policy of sustainable development; cultural and artistic academic culture; supervisory sphere of technical regulation; serving from the service of legal and social protection of participants in educational and research processes.

Theatre art: Conceptual and categorical problems

Theatre art is a fundamental component of modern culture and requires a detailed analysis of the problems of a set of interrelated concepts, which will reflect the key substantive and functional aspects concerning theatre art. The research relevance is determined by the description of the problems of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of theatrical art for the first time is subjected to a complex structural and semantic analysis, which is necessary to determine the study of ways of forming new terms, which will make it possible to present the system of modern theatrical terminology in a holistic form. The study aims to analyse and describe the contemporary problems of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of theatrical art. General scientific methods of art history were used: method of analysis, comparative analysis, synthesis, analogy, and classification. The article investigates the whole stage space as one of the components in the context of the conceptual categorical apparatus of modern art history. Contemporary theatre art is undergoing an active evolution, with artists striving for innovation, using interactive elements, multimedia technology and art installations to create a deep and rich experience for the audience. An important aspect is to involve the viewer in the experience, where the traditional boundaries between actors and audience are blurred and the viewer becomes an active participant. Theatres also emphasise diversity, aiming to reflect different cultures and identities on stage. However, there are problems with the conceptual and categorical apparatus, requiring the development of new terms to accurately describe contemporary phenomena in theatre. Sarcasm and irony prevail, artists seek new directions, and all this happens in the context of the diversity of theatre traditions, creating challenges in the exchange of experiences between cultures. The materials discussed in this article can be applied by both theorists and practitioners of contemporary art history in their writings and as material for teaching in the educational process when training specialists in the field of contemporary art

КОМПЛЕКСНЕ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ СТРАТЕГІЇ ЗМІЦНЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ МЕРЕЖЕВИХ СТРУКТУР УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Дослідження функціонування мережевих структур в умовах воєнного стану в контексті реалізації стратегії їх економічної безпеки дозволяють виявити рівень безпекової компоненти в майбутньому розвитку підприємницьких структур у контексті кластеризації. З огляду на це, необхідним є системне обґрунтування стратегії зміцнення економічної безпеки підприємств мережевих структур у контексті організаційно-економічного оцінювання на основі кластеризації з виокремленням максимального і фактичного рівнів. У процесі даного наукового дослідження застосовано такі методи: дедуктивний; порівняльного аналізу емпіричних даних; абстрактно-логічного узагальнення; евристичний; наукової абстракції та економіко-математичного моделювання; графічний.Обґрунтовано понятійно-категоріальний апарат економічної безпеки і стратегії зміцнення економічної безпеки підприємства мережевих структур, виокремлено особливості функціонування підприємства мережевих структур у фокусі сучасних викликів і загроз. Деталізовано алгоритм реалізації стратегії економічної безпеки підприємства мережевих структур з визначенням відповідних етапів. Доведено пріоритетність функціональної стратегії, яка не повинна суперечити базовій стратегії, охарактеризовано її основні завдання. Надано рекомендації щодо покращення організаційно-економічних процедур оцінювання стратегії економічної безпеки мережевих структур на основі кластеризації з використанням методу Кохонена. Обґрунтовано практичний інструментарій комплексного дослідження підприємств мережевої системи (E1–Е10) із застосуванням структури набору даних на основі ідентифікації трьох кластерів у контексті рівневого розподілу безпеки. Основні положення дозволять вітчизняним підприємницьким структурам шляхом застосування даної методики кластеризації мережевого моделювання сформувати прогнозну оцінку стратегії зміцнення економічної безпеки в умовах воєнного стану і розробити відповідні вектори вдосконалення безпекової компоненти.

До питання про використання оціночних понять у податковому праві

The article analyzes current issues regarding the use of valuation concepts in tax law. In particular, scientific approaches to the specification of valuation concepts in tax law, which they receive in the normative order or in judicial practice, are considered. In addition, it is emphasized about the specification of valuation concepts in the legal interpretation practice of controlling authorities and in subordinate legal acts of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine and controlling authorities, which receives its fixation in subordinate legal acts of tax legislation, letters, general and individual tax consultations. It was found that the use of norms with evaluative concepts in the texts of tax regulations is determined by a number of objective and subjective factors. It is highlighted that the peculiarities of the evaluation concepts are that: 1) they are either not explained at all in the legislation, or find only a partial interpretation in it; 2) they are specified by the law enforcer himself; 3) they are specified on the basis of discretion. Taking into account the peculiarities of discretion in tax and legal regulation, it is emphasized that quite often there are situations in which formally undefined concepts are used. It was established that evaluative concepts are necessary in the presence of an objective need to establish certain limits of discretion for the subject of law enforcement. Valuation concepts are an objectively necessary component of tax-legal norms and occupy an important place in the conceptual-categorical apparatus of tax law. As an example, the evaluative concepts that are components of the concepts of «tax» and «fee» were analyzed. In this case, among the evaluation concepts, «unconditional payment to the relevant budget» and «special benefit» were singled out and analyzed. The author’s conclusion was made that in some cases there is a need for a thorough clarification of valuation concepts in tax law using additional sources. It is noted that today the issue of the meaning and place of valuation concepts in tax law is open for discussion and requires further scientific research.

ОЦЕНКА НА ИНОВАЦИИТЕ В ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯТА НА ПРИМЕРА НА БЪЛГАРИЯ

The article is devoted to the problem of the evaluation of innovations in enterprises in Bulgaria and its comparability with that of other European countries. In this connection, the conceptual-categorical apparatus, the used databases and the methodology of their collection and interpretation are discussed. Quantitative analyzes and assessments were carried out in compliance with the requirements of the methodological guidelines of the OECD and Eurostat of the "Frascati" family. Difficulties have been identified in more precisely comparing the evaluations of innovations in Bulgarian enterprises with those in other countries of the European Union, and the reasons for these difficulties have been established. Innovations in Bulgarian enterprises are characterized by different signs. For this purpose, a structural analysis and an analysis of the context were carried out. The obtained results give reason to determine important gaps in the formation of the national innovation policy. Among them is the failure to take into account globalization in the formation of a national environment for the market functioning of the economy, which is expressed in decreasing external and internal demand for new products produced in the country, imbalances in the financing of R&D, etc., which lead to a decrease in innovations in the Bulgarian enterprises. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are defined from the point of view of the formation of an innovation policy adequate to the new realities.

Corruption Counteraction Policy: Issues of Conceptual-Categorical Apparatus

The authors examine the definitions and hierarchy of the structural elements of crime counteraction policy. They analyze the established theoretical approaches to the understanding of such categories as «criminal policy», «criminal law policy», «criminal procedure policy», «penitentiary policy», «criminological policy», «anticriminal policy», «state policy in the sphere of crime counteraction», as well as legislative trends, and come to the following conclusions. At the current stage of scientific knowledge development, the generic concept for the aggregate of measures to counteract corruption is the concept of «anticriminal policy», whose scope is close to that of the concept «policy in the sphere of crime counteraction». In its essence, criminal policy is the policy of counteracting corruption implemented by law enforcement bodies though the means of criminal law impact. In its turn, the research of the criminological policy development trends allows the authors to conclude that criminological policy corresponds to anticriminal policy in its nature and content, and is a higher category in reference to other policies of the anticriminal cycle (criminal law, criminal procedure, penitentiary, etc.). A crisis in the development of both criminal policy and criminology, observed by many Russian scholars, creates prerequisites for finding new approaches to the scientific substantiation and organization of interdisciplinary crime counteraction.

Uncertainty of the conceptual and categorical apparatus in the field of integrity of judges

This scientific article presents a study of the problem of indeterminacy of the conceptual and categorical apparatus in the field of the judge's integrity in the modern legal system.
 It is noted that in the modern legal understanding, the integrity of judges is a fundamental ethical and normative aspect that determines the high standard of professional behavior of judges in the context of the exercise of judicial power. This principle includes not only the dispassion (impartiality) and objectivity of the judge in the decisions made, but also his ability for self-reflection, ethical awareness and independence from the influence of external factors.
 The conceptual-categorical apparatus is the main component of the legal technique, which contributes to the precise and clear expression of legal norms and ensures their effective implementation in society. In the praxeological aspect, questions of integrity of judges arose in many cases when competent authorities did not confirm the appropriate level of integrity of a judge or a candidate for this position. This is due to the essential problems of the imperfection of the legislation, since the concept of «honesty» in the legislation is not clear. The legal system and the legislation system must possess and operate in clear and unambiguous terms to avoid misunderstandings and ambiguous interpretations or recommendations regarding the interpretation of norms.
 The main signs (characteristics) of the integrity of judges include, in our opinion, the following: impartiality and objectivity, the independence of a judge, which is a fundamental principle of judicial activity, which ensures his dedication to the use of the law and the result of the influence of external factors that can reveal objective consideration affairs; honesty and integrity; high level of knowledge and competence; appropriate level of professional ethics; the opportunity to bear public, legal and moral responsibility.

The essence of behavioral economics in the practice of rational nature use

The analysis and characterization of the essential and substantive basis of the concept of behavioral economics in rational nature management was carried out. To achieve the goal of the research, the article presents an assessment of the transformational process of behavioral economics in the environmentalization of agriculture in the temporal dimension, which is the construction of a cause-and-effect model with a reflection and thorough characterization of compliance with rational and irrational axioms, as well as individual ecological characteristics. The conceptual-categorical apparatus of behavioral theory is characterized from the point of view of various scientific schools and the stages of its formation as an independent modern concept in economic theory, as well as the peculiarities of each of the interpretations, their practical impact at each of the stages of formation. Taking into account the conducted analysis, in the course of our research, an author’s approach to defining the definition of behavioral economics in ecologically safe agriculture as a direction of economic theory was proposed, which includes a complex of models and mechanisms that determine the rationality and irrationality of an individual’s behavior in relation to the natural resources of the agrosphere, and on the basis of this definition, the corresponding features of the behavioral concept in the practice of nature economy are highlighted, and the characteristics of each of them are given. The mandatory further study of the behavioral concept from the perspective of an integrated approach is separately emphasized.

Theatre art: Conceptual and categorical problems

Theatre art is a fundamental component of modern culture and requires a detailed analysis of the problems of a set of interrelated concepts, which will reflect the key substantive and functional aspects concerning theatre art. The research relevance is determined by the description of the problems of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of theatrical art for the first time is subjected to a complex structural and semantic analysis, which is necessary to determine the study of ways of forming new terms, which will make it possible to present the system of modern theatrical terminology in a holistic form. The study aims to analyse and describe the contemporary problems of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of theatrical art. General scientific methods of art history were used: method of analysis, comparative analysis, synthesis, analogy, and classification. The article investigates the whole stage space as one of the components in the context of the conceptual categorical apparatus of modern art history. Contemporary theatre art is undergoing an active evolution, with artists striving for innovation, using interactive elements, multimedia technology and art installations to create a deep and rich experience for the audience. An important aspect is to involve the viewer in the experience, where the traditional boundaries between actors and audience are blurred and the viewer becomes an active participant. Theatres also emphasise diversity, aiming to reflect different cultures and identities on stage. However, there are problems with the conceptual and categorical apparatus, requiring the development of new terms to accurately describe contemporary phenomena in theatre. Sarcasm and irony prevail, artists seek new directions, and all this happens in the context of the diversity of theatre traditions, creating challenges in the exchange of experiences between cultures. The materials discussed in this article can be applied by both theorists and practitioners of contemporary art history in their writings and as material for teaching in the educational process when training specialists in the field of contemporary art

ПОНЯТІЙНО-КАТЕГОРІАЛЬНИЙ АПАРАТ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СФЕРИ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Sustainable development is a concept of economic development that is being implemented by the world’s most developed countries. Sustainable development focuses on com-bining effective functioning of the economic, social and environmental systems of society. In eco-nomically underdeveloped countries, the rate of the national economy growth based on sustaina-bility is slow and not always stable. The above outlined issues are relevant to the study of the peculiarities of financing sustainable development, which requires deepening theoretical and ap-plied provisions for ensuring necessary number of financial resources for this development in long term.The article is aimed at deepening theoretical provisions of sustainable development in terms of studying the conceptual-categorical apparatus in the field of financing of such development.Within the article, a study of the conceptual-categorical apparatus used in research on financing sustainable developments is conducted. First of all, the essence of such develop-ment is analysed, the approaches to consideration of its content are singled out and its features are specified.It is established in the article that the model of sustainable development is cur-rently leading in the development of the vast majority of developed countries, since achieve-ment of the main goals of such development allows creating a harmoniously functioning society and ensuring a significant potential for its further balanced and efficient development.The analysis of the conceptual-categorical apparatus for studying the process of financ-ing sustainable development has made it possible to state that a wide range of different defi-nitions is used in scientific works today, among which the following have been identified: “sus-tainable financing”, “sustainable finance”, “finances of sustainable development”, “green finance”, “climate finance”.Accordingly, in the article, the essence of these categories is grad-ually examined, and their substantive coordination with each other is described.At the same time, it has been found that the increase in scientific research aimed at creating the conditions for sustainable development also contributes to the search of new re-sources of attracting financial resources.This, in turn, leads to the increase in the number of new scientific researches, and, accordingly, deepens the existing system of relevant economic categories used within then in the field of financing sustainable development

ПРОБЛЕМИ МЕТОДИКИ ТА МЕТОДОЛОГІЇ ІСТОРИЧНОГО ДЖЕРЕЛОЗНАВСТВА У ТВОРЧОСТІ МАРКА ВАРШАВЧИКА

Based on the analysis of the published works by M. Varshavchyk, the development of problems of theoretical source studies by scholar is investigated, in particular, methods and methodologies of source science. It is noted that during the entire period of the historian’s scientific work, his vision included issues of organizing the methodological paradigm of historical source studies, and finding ways to form a complex of approaches, principles and methods of criticism of sources, their systematization and analysis. In this article emphasized that many of ideological Soviet content by the scholar’s publications are commitment to the defined policy by the Communist Party, the socialistical way of life and worldview in the Soviet era. However, it is emphasized that the scientific opinion of the scholar, constant attention to the questions about the methodology of history and other theoretical problems of source studies that testify to the powerful work of the historian in his creative laboratory, where these questions were developed for half a century. The evolution of M. Varshavchyk’s scientific views on the formation of a complex theory of methods as a system of knowledge about internal architectures, meaningful content and solving the researcher’s cognitive needs is followed. The analysis of the works of M. Varshavchyk made it possible to establish the structure of the theoretical and methodological principles concluded by himself and their hierarchy, to focus on the definition of the subject and object of source studies, the concepts of «method» and «methodology», classification of methodological principles, etc. The M. Varshavchyk’s approach to the development of the conceptual-categorical apparatus of methodology at source studies, principles and methods of scientific thinking, the main ones of which the scientist considered historical, logical, comparative-historical, retrospective, statistical, method of specific social studies, was clarified. It was established that the scientist developed a phased scheme for working with sources (documents), the process of clarifying their internal connections, grouping sets of documents in order to obtain a set of scientific facts. Among methodological and methodical issues, the scholar emphasized insufficient attention to such problems as discussion of the content of the historical methodology, classification of methodological principles, criticism of documents, etc. It is proved that despite the constant control of the party-nomenclature over the activities of humanitarian scientists, M. Varshavchyk managed to realize his own scientific potential and contribute to the development of problems of methodology and methods of historical source studies.

Artificial intelligence in the educational process and scientific research of higher education applicants: responsible boundaries of AI content

The article focuses on the issue of intensification of comprehensive research on modern information technologies, in particular the basics of artificial intelligence, in the education system and scientific research of higher school graduates with the aim of forming a favorable, effective, high-quality and ethical process of obtaining knowledge in the context of the formation of an information society. The scientific observation presents a detailed retrospective analysis of the conceptual-categorical apparatus “artificial intelligence” from the standpoint of generally recognized scientific theories and leading ideas of domestic and foreign scientists for its further theoretical and methodological consolidation. The relevance of scientific research is due to the high current dependence of higher education students on science-intensive technologies, which help to solve the tasks of self-determination, self-control and self-realization, as well as contribute to the formation of a holistic, variably thinking, creative personality with a new type and level of reasoning, with the latest values, competencies and views on professional level of the future specialist. Taking into account modern visions, through the prism of the informatization component of the development of education and science among students, it is determined that thanks to the technologies of artificial intelligence, which simulates the processes of human intelligence for conclusions, computer systems can offer applicants personalized, adaptive or interval training, automatic evaluation of educational achievements, support and feedback during the educational process. It has been found that virtual reality as a newly organized social space leads to planned, consistent and systematized changes in the educational process and research work of applicants of higher education institutions, improvement of existing and formation of hitherto unseen organizational forms, types and methods of education, as well as changes interaction between the teacher and the student and the educational environment as a whole. In addition, it is determined that artificial intelligence as a modern pedagogical mechanism of modern times has an important conceptual and methodological significance in the process of fruitful union of education and science.

МІЖНАРОДНА ЕКОНОМІЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ: СУТНІСТЬ ТА ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ТРАКТУВАННЯ

The article systematizes the conceptual-categorical apparatus of the international economy in terms of clarifying the definition of “international economic activity” based on the study of the works of domestic scientists. It has been proven that in the context of national interests, international economic activity should be aimed at ensuring the country's economic security, an innovative model of economic development, strengthening its scientific and technical potential, and developing equal and mutually beneficial relations with other countries of the world. The study of the views of domestic scientists made it possible to establish the relationship between the terms “international microeconomics”, “international macroeconomics” and “international economic activity”. It was established that domestic scientists interpret the concept of “international economic activity” in different ways. A critical analysis of the researched interpretations of the concept of “international economic activity” made it possible to single out the scope of application of this concept and the subject component. A refined definition of “international economic activity” is given. The advantage of the specified term is the determination of the direction of the actions of the subjects (formation, development and implementation of the advantages of international cooperation, international specialization and cooperation), the specification of the purpose of these actions taking into account the realities of today (ensuring the international competitiveness of countries, increasing their economic potential). The authors have systematized the existing interpretations of the term "foreign economic activity" in regulatory and legal acts and scientific literature. The common and distinctive features of the concepts of "foreign economic activity" and "international economic activity" have been determined. It was established that the second concept is a broader concept, because it includes a greater number of forms of economic interaction of subjects in the system of global economic relations and has goals that are more global.

ФОРМУВАННЯ СУЧАСНОЇ ПАРАДИГМИ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТА ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article examines the functioning of mechanisms of state management of sustainable development of regions (MSU of the SRR). The purpose of the study is the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the MSU of the SRR and the development of practical recommendations for their improvement in the conditions of globalization. A systematic study of the formation of the conceptual foundations of the improvement of state management mechanisms for the sustainable development of regions in the conditions of globalization was carried out. On this basis, the principles of development and operation of a complex mechanism of state administration at the regional level are systematized, which characterizes the level of the ability of the public administration system not only to function in the conditions of social transformations, but also to introduce innovative forms and methods of activity at the level of administrative-territorial units. It was established that the strategic direction of institutional changes in the system of public administration in Ukraine is the transformation of the existing model of territorial administration, the introduction of the principles of decentralization and subsidiarity, the implementation of positive foreign experience of regional administration. It is proved that the existing theories of regional development belong to the integrated scientific direction, which combines economic, social, cultural, ecological and other spheres of functioning of regions in order to form a system of ideas about the regularities of their development and functioning. Based on the methodology of the theory of regional development, it is possible to: 1) identify regional development trends; 2) develop models and mechanisms of regional development; 3) predict the results of the implementation of sectoral and local reforms; 4) develop algorithms for the implementation of system reforms based on foreign experience and the principles of «Good governance». Conceptual approaches to the adoption and implementation of regional development strategies are proposed. It was established that the state, as the bearer of national interests and constitutional guarantees, must ensure continuity in the creation and constant improvement of conceptual foundations, institutional mechanisms for the implementation of regional policy, and the implementation of specific local projects and programs. The content of the modern concept of sustainable development in the system of public management, which, while preserving the established constructive features, is determined and essentially changes in the organizational-legal, institutional and administrative-political sense is substantiated. The dichotomous relationship between the processes of regionalization, globalization, and decentralization is proven. the conceptual-categorical apparatus of the science of public administration, in particular in the part of clarifying the content of the concepts «mechanisms of public administration of sustainable development of regions», «state administration of regional development», «sustainable development of regions», developed taking into account the European experience of rationalization of regional policy.

Analysis of the potential of religious tourism in Ukraine

The article generalized and methodological bases of religious tourism, its potential abilities and shown territorial aspect of its development are discovered and systematized. Religious tourism is not an integral part of the modern tourism industry. People all over the world are increasingly choosing pilgrimage and sightseeing tours of religious centers. Based on the analysis of the existing research of the problem of religious tourism, which were carried out mainly in the context of historical-religious andtourism studies, the thesis presents a cultural analysis of the definition of the essence of the problem of religious tourism, which is based on the following fundamental principles: interdisciplinarity, regionality, personalism, dialogism as an aspect of a broad problem of communication, the continuous improvement of the conceptualcategorical apparatus. The article reveals that the number of Christians in the world is growing and Christians are the majority among pilgrims. The study shows that the majority of Ukrainians are Christians and there are great possibilities for religious tourism development. The author shows themost attractive icons of The Mother of God and saint springs among religion tourist. The methodology of the research applies cultural, phenomenological, and religious studies methods in revealing the essence of pilgrimage tourism in the system of modern humanitarian knowledge. Scientific novelty of the work expands the concepts of spiritual tourism, pilgrimage, religious, and philosophical ethnography and their influence on the formation of the modern tourism industry. Religious tourism as a sociocultural phenomenon attracts unique conditions for familiarizing with different religions and cultures; establishing a dialogue, friendly relations with representatives of other customs and beliefs from different countrieswhich allows comparing socio-cultural experience.

Problematization of the “social space” category in sociology

The article is devoted to the problem of forming a conceptual-categorical apparatus in the field of social topography and reveals the dynamics of problematization of the category “social space” in sociology. The logic of the movement of the research focus in the spatial concepts created by G. Simmel, P. Sorokin and P. Bourdieu are explicated. The ratio of the material and non-material sides of space is analyzed, and the question of the relationship between social structure and spatial forms is considered. With the assistance of R. Carnap and H. Lefebvre’s theoretical schemes are represented two opposite views of meaning of “social” in the spatial study. The dividing of concepts of physical, geometrical and social space is submitted. The ontological and epistemological aspects of the explored phenomenon are explicated. The two approaches to social space definition are outlined. The first of them supposes a focus on social interaction and co-presence social actors, the second one supposes social practice in the broadest sense. The author’s definition is designed.

Towards the stability of criminal law: deliberation on certain starting points

This article is dedicated to the problem of overcoming imbalance between dynamism and stability of the current criminal legislation. Analysis is conducted on the gradation of amendments to criminal legislation for the period from 1997 to the first half of 2021; this includes the changes in criminal law based on objective reasons, as well as unsubstantiated criminal law novelties. There author determines three scenarios of further development of the national criminal legislation: accelerated (uneven), intensive, and transformational. It is stated that the most optimal choice is the intensive scenario. However, regardless of which scenario would be chosen, the starting point towards the stability of criminal law consists in creation of the adequate conceptual-categorical apparatus of criminal law, namely, the legislative definition of certain evaluative concepts. Based on the examples of case law, the author justifies the expediency of legislative consolidation of the definitions of certain evaluative concepts. The following conclusions were made: 1. Legislative clarification of the scope and content of evaluative concepts requires using the most abstract method for formulation of regulatory directions instead of casuistic method. 2. In the event of practical implementation of the intensive scenario for the development of criminal law, the criminal law norm that contains definitive apparatus should be placed in the new Chapter 13 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and specifically outside the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. This requires the introduction of the new “Conclusive Part”. 3. In the event of practical implementation of the accelerated (uneven) scenario or transformational scenario of the development of criminal law, most optimal is to place the criminal law norm containing the conceptual apparatus solely in the General Part of the Criminal Code.

Legal regulation of the development and application of artificial intelligence in military sector of the Russian Federation in the context of the government strategy and ensuring the protection of intellectual property rights

The subject of this research is the examination of legal perspective on the approaches towards regulation of artificial intelligence and robotic technologies in military sector of the Russian Federation, including in ensuring the protection of the results of intellectual activity of researchers and developers, as well as the analysis of law enforcement practice on the protection of intellectual property in the interests of the state. In this format, the author determines the key conditions for recognition of the results of intellectual activity of military, special, and dual purpose as protectable object in accordance with the effective civil legislation. Attention is given to the practical results of domestic military equipment development using the artificial intelligence systems. The scientific novelty consists in articulation of the problem and approaches towards its research. The conclusion is made wide use of artificial intelligence technologies in the sphere of ensuring national security, as well as regulation based on the technical approach, rather than legal, not only create advantages in the military context, but can also cause issues that must be resolved. Taking into account real achievements in legal regulation of the results of intellectual activity, including the theoretical component, the author ascertains the need for improvement of the legislative framework on both, federal level and bylaws, including for the purpose of achieving a uniform use of the conceptual-categorical apparatus.

On the concept of “legal work in a commercial organization”

This article explores the problem of ambiguity of the category “legal work in a commercial organization”. A well-founded, logically accurate conceptual-categorical apparatus is important not only from a scientific perspective, for achieving the practical effectiveness of such activity as well. The authors raise the question on the absence of legislative consolidation of this category. Analysis is conducted on the existing in legal doctrine approaches towards the concept of “legal work” and “legal work in a commercial organization”. The conducted analysis of legislation and legal doctrine on the subject matter allows concluding on the need for distinguishing a narrow and broad approaches towards definition of the concept “legal work in a commercial organization”. In a narrow sense, it is offered to views this concept as a competent legal activity carried out by the expert, legal adviser, or external lawyer for ensuring effective functionality of the mechanism of legal regulation and systematic receipt of profit. In a broad sense, this concept should be viewed as an actual legal work and the activity of all structural departments, under the supervision of legal service, legal adviser or other entity, who can render a competent legal aid. The authors suggest adopting a special federal law that would regulate legal work, obligating the commercial organizations to hire competent legal experts. This would correspond to the trend of professionalization of legal aid, increase the effectiveness of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of organizations, and thus reduce legal nihilism, improve the quality of justice, optimize the burden on public authorities, and ultimately, contribute to observance of the general legal principle of legitimacy in entrepreneurial activity.

Prosecutor's authority in the conceptual-categorical apparatus of the theory and practice of prosecutorial activity outside the criminal law sphere

The subject of this research is the approaches existing in the theory and practice of prosecutorial activity towards determination of the concept of “prosecutor's authority” and its constituent definitions, their correlation with the scientific views of legal scholars upon the state-legal category of “authority”. Due to the fact that any science is based on the terminological framework, featuring units that differ in their semantic content, the research of the cognizable basic category that does not have a universal definition, neither in science nor effective legislation, as well as the contradicting legal phenomena of different legal nature (rights and obligations) at its part, substantiates the relevance of this research. The scientific novelty of lies in the author’s argumentation of similar, identical and opposite perspectives on the subject matter existing in the literature, effective legal regulation, personal experience of working in the prosecutor's office, justification of conclusion in the indicated category of “legal obligations”. The author comes to the conclusion there is no need for normative differentiation the rights and responsibilities of the prosecutor within the framework of his “general oversight” authority and optimality of the existing regulation, which authorizes the prosecutor to act at the own discretion (making decisions based on subjective opinion and assessment) in terms of the grounds  and means set by law, with consideration of private and public interests.