Transactional Analysis Concepts Research Articles

Penerapan Analisis Transaksional Dalam Terapi Perkawinan Berdasarkan Pengalaman Praktek

Transactional analysis concept is firstly introduced by Eric Berne at 60's. the books “Games People Play” and “Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy” written by Berne, and also “I'm OK You're OK” written by Thomas Harris explain those concept obviously. Transactional analysis concept could be applied in marriage therapy. Recognition about spouse's ego state could be the early step to fix up the marriage relationship. Husband or wife could figure out the transactional situation in their relationship, whether they would like to make use of their ego state as parent, adult, or child. The relation between therapist and client, so does relation between spouses, are also the significant factor in marriage therapy. Hopefully, in-depth understanding about relationship concept in transactional analysis perspective would increase both the therapy effectiveness and the position of the clients & therapist. Example of this concept in a marriage therapy is intended to increase the understanding about how to operationalize this concept into the therapy. Keywords: transactional analysis, parent-adult-child ego state, existential position

From Fiction to Freedom: Our True Nature beyond Life Script

This article brings together the teachings of nonduality (Advaita Vedanta) and the transactional analysis concept of scripts. The author describes how understanding and practicing the path of nonduality sheds light on the illusory nature of script narratives and leads to transcendence and freedom from them. The function and maintenance of life scripts is explored as is the essential nature of human beings beyond the stories that we create. A clinical example illustrates these ideas, and guidance is offered to therapists.

Educator as Cultivator

This article considers the integration of farming principles into the context of learning. The author offers a composite model of learning theory that is informed by a range of transactional analysis concepts. In proposing the concept of educator as cultivator, the author considers implications for the educator in supporting the learner.

With You and Me in Mind: Mentalization and Transactional Analysis

In their 2004 article, J. R. Allen, Bennett, and Kearns invited us to carry on their exploration of “thinking psychologically.” In this article, the author does so by offering further reflections about mentalization, a quality that psychotherapists seek to develop in most of their patients. The article explores meanings of this term, sums up current hypotheses about the way it develops, and draws parallels with some transactional analysis concepts. Material from the novel The Stranger by Albert Camus (1942/1988) is used to illustrate the impact of impaired mentalizing.

On Skype with Eric Berne: What Did He Say after He Said Hello?

This article was originally presented as a keynote speech at the European Transactional Analysis Conference in Prague, Czech Republic, on 10 July 2010. In the first part, the therapeutic journey of a long-time transactional analysis insider is divulged in a humorous way. In the second part, transactional analysis psychotherapy is addressed from an existentialist perspective. The author challenges the common understanding of transactional analysis concepts such as redecision, games, and permission and explores existential alternatives.

Mathematical Calculation Procedures and Drivers in Action in the Learning Environment

The paper reports on the qualitative results of the experimental phase of a study to examine the links between children’s learning experiences associated with two digit division and the transactional analysis concept of drivers. The author presents results obtained from a process that used a questionnaire developed during a prior heuristic phase of research, combined with undergraduate student observations of the children, drawings produced by the children, and teacher observations on permission transactions used. Examples are provided for each of the five drivers.

Intimacy Analysis Today: The Intimacy Scale and the Personality Pinwheel

Intimacy theory may be called Eric Berne's “unfinished symphony.” In this centenary Transactional Analysis Journal theme issue, “Eric Berne: Then and Now,” a “Now” of intimacy analysis is presented to fill in the blanks in Eric Berne's intimacy theory from “Then.” New transactional analysis concepts and diagrams are used to demonstrate that creating mutual intimacy is a social skill that can be developed through Adult learning. In the Intimacy Scale, social intimacy is facilitated by the range of topics discussed. As seen through the Personality Pinwheel, social intimacy is facilitated by the number of ego states involved. The Intimacy Scale is a way of grading the intimacy by Content (closeness of topics discussed), and the Personality Pinwheel is used for increasing intimacy by Process (how to engage more ego states). The Personality Pinwheel counts the OK ego states involved in an intimate relationship and teaches methods for favorably engaging all of them.

Couples Counseling in Alzheimer's Disease: Additional Clinical Findings from a Novel Intervention Study

This article describes the clinical findings of a study designed to assess the benefit of counseling for couples, one of whom is in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously reported our findings based on the first 12 couples that enrolled in the study. Based on the treatment of 30 additional couples, we have refined our treatment strategy to include concepts of Gestalt Therapy and Transactional Analysis and identified prevalent issues of concern to this cohort. The study design has remained as described in the earlier article (Epstein et al., 2006), and has proven to be appropriate to meet the goals of this intervention as indicated by our clinical experience and feedback from the participating couples. Case vignettes demonstrate how to conduct the sessions so that the experience of each member of the dyad is validated, while acknowledging the differential impact of the disease on them.

Working with Unconscious Processes in a Short-Term Transactional Analysis Group

This article describes short-term therapy in an experiential transactional analysis group based on applications of classical transactional analysis concepts. Using a case example, the authors demonstrate how this approach can be used to address both intrapsychic and interpersonal processes. They also propose a connection between the Freudian concept of “faulty acts” and impasse theory. Moreover, links are elaborated between intrapsychic and interpersonal processes in transactional analysis using the concepts of impasses, games, and transactions. The connections between psychoanalysis and transactional analysis concepts are described followed by diagnosis of the client's relational and unconscious dynamics so as to integrate the case material with the theory.

The Role Concept of Transactional Analysis and other Approaches to Personality, Encounter, and Cocreativity for All Professional Fields

This article is the final exposition of Bernd Schmid's keynote speech presented at the 2007 International Transactional Analysis Conference in San Francisco. Schmid is the winner of the 2007 Eric Berne Memorial Award for his adaption of the transactional analysis concept of ego states. His role model integrates transactional analysis approaches with systemic ideas and can be used as both a personality model and a communication model. It expands the ego state model, describing the individual as the portfolio of his or her roles played on the stages of his or her world. Background information about these ideas are provided along with perspectives that are integrated in this role model. Familiar concepts—including intuition, encounter, empathy, humanity, and spirituality—are described from the point of view of an integrated approach.

Being in Relationship: Different Languages to Understand Ego States, Script, and the Body

Since being in relationship motivates and drives human development, the author proposes different theoretical languages as a way to promote exchange and professional development. She considers the significance of relationship in shaping human development as demonstrated by recent scientific debate and connects various theoretical frames of reference and transactional analysis. The concepts of relational behaviors, internal working models (Bowlby), and ego states (Berne) are analyzed and compared. The relationship between body and script is discussed with reference to various contemporary views and with attention to the early phases of development and interactions with caregivers. The author emphasizes the significance of early interpersonal relationship patterns in organizing and regulating individual body/mind units by connecting and updating some basic transactional analysis concepts. Considering the significance of body experience in the growth process underscores, as fundamental, the intersubjective relational quality of human experience.

Wonderful World, Beautiful People: Reframing Transactional Analysis as Positive Psychology

The author reports on innovative work with the ego state model and, specifically, the implications for practice when the conventional model is inverted. The article goes on to explore the possibilities for promoting growth and development using a reframing of core transactional analysis concepts. Finally, the author offers a connection between transactional analysis and the emerging field of positive psychology.

The Existential Phenomenology of Transactional Analysis

Berne (1961/1987) described transactional analysis as a systematic phenomenology that incorporates the values of existentialism. Although there are few overt references to the existential school in Berne's popular writings, it is evident from a number of passages in his books that he embraced a profoundly existential-phenomenological attitude in his approach to psychotherapy. This article discusses the development and major tenets of existential phenomenology, their impact on psychotherapy, and how they can be readily integrated and recognized within the key concepts of transactional analysis. For example, transactions constitute intersubjectivity, ego states and life positions represent Being-in-the-world, games manifest inauthentic Being or bad faith, and script denotes the existential project and possibilities-for-Being-in-the-world. A clinical vignette helps to synthesize the two approaches and highlights how each conceptualizes the therapeutic relationship. The article concludes that transactional analysis is a system that describes human existence at both the ontic and ontological levels and that it can be readily construed as embracing the existential perspective. This may be an attribute of all major systems of psychotherapy, and, therefore, psychotherapy integration might be better achieved by the use of an expanded and enriched language taken from a range of such systems.

Developing a Methodology for Aligning Supply Chains from a Relationships Perspective

The research presented in this paper has focussed on exploring buyer—supplier relationships from a human perspective. The research has been successful in exploring issues affecting buyer—supplier relationships. A methodology for aligning supply chains by taking into account human issues has been proposed. The methodology consists of a relationship framework that is used for studying buyer—supplier relationships on a macro-level based on the levels of satisfaction that the entities have with each other. Since high levels of dissatisfaction lead to various change—inducing transactions or game-like behaviour between the entities, the framework identifies the status of the relationship, and can be used to gauge what is going to happen to it, once the transaction is over. The concepts of transactional analysis and the tools associated with it, namely drama triangle analysis and structural modelling, are useful in studying the dynamics of the transactions from the human perspective and also from a psychological perspective.

Simunye — Sibaningi: We are One — We are Many

The material in this article was originally developed as part of a presentation to the staff of a medium-sized company in Cape Town, South Africa, as part of their “Women's Day” program. The author explains how she uses various transactional analysis concepts in diversity workshops in South Africa. She describes how she uses the concepts of the OK Corral, cultural scripting, Cultural Parent, and individual boundary distortions to enable people to own and celebrate diversity while connecting with an understanding of our common humanity.

Transactional Analysis Case Report: Street-Level Prostituted Women as Mental Health Care Clients

Despite recognition that mental health treatment is paramount in successfully intervening on the behalf of prostituted women, minimal information exists delineating effective counseling techniques for working with this unique population. Importantly also, understanding the culture of street-level prostitution is essential for effective treatment. Women prostituted on the streets have typically experienced life-long patterns of victimization, often resulting in substance addiction and continued self-destructive behavior. The culture of street-level sex work is built on numerous psychological and sociological factors which permeate the thinking patterns, social interaction, and daily activities of prostituted women. Professional counselors are ill equipped, academically and experientially, in addressing the diverse needs of the female street-level prostitute. A theoretical integration of transactional analysis and psycho-social concepts for a prostituted woman is provided in a case report to promote a more effective approach to therapy for this population. Counselors and prostituted clients will benefit from this blended therapeutic model.

Using Transactional Analysis to Increase Organizational Performance

This article shows how the use of transactional analysis in organizations can improve performance. The author views organizations as living organisms. To Berne's description of boundaries (membranes) in organizations, the idea of a “skeleton” and “organs” is added to create an integrative diagram that can be used to understand the factors that contribute to improved performance. Two case examples demonstrate use of the diagram as well as classic transactional analysis concepts in organizations. Finally, the author describes five key elements that increase the likelihood of the success of an intervention aimed at improving performance.

Student Teachers' Professional and Personal Development through Academic Study of Educational Transactional Analysis

The aim of this study was to investigate student teachers' personal and professional development following academic study of educational transactional analysis. Students from two countries, 21 from Finland and 15 from England, participated in the study. Members of both cohorts each made an action plan and a personal growth plan with regard to their personal and professional growth on completion of the two-day Introduction to Transactional Analysis (TA 101) course. Approximately 6 months after their respective transactional analysis courses, the students completed a follow-up questionnaire. The first-stage results showed how the students thought they would apply certain transactional analysis concepts and gave evidence of their reasons, intentions, and goals for achieving increased effectiveness as a teacher. In the second stage, the results showed the students' estimations of their increase of awareness and skill with respect to six key areas of personal and professional growth. These results indicate a need to strengthen psychosocial studies in teacher education and also that transactional analysis might be a useful theory and instrument for the personal and professional development of student teachers.

Core Concepts of Transactional Analysis: An Opportunity Born of Struggle

This article presents the history of and some commentary about the theoretical and political polemic surrounding the attempt to determine a set of transactional analysis core concepts. The authors propose that ego state theory inconsistency is at the heart of the theoretical debate and the political struggle. They elaborate this inconsistency in the ego state theory found in the A Compilation of Core Concepts document (Steiner et al., 1999) and assert that the project to establish a set of transactional analysis core concepts should be transformed into an opportunity to clear up such inconsistencies in the fundamental concept of transactional analysis.

An investigation into the support needs of male partners of female alcoholics in Switzerland

This exploratory study presents analysis of narrative interviews with three subjects conducted in Switzerland in 2009 to explore the support needs of male partners of female alcoholics. Different concepts on coping styles are introduced and interpreted in the light of several transactional analysis and other concepts. The content of the interviews was categorised according to structuring and typifying analysis. The results indicate that the main needs for support relate to issues of partnership and parenthood, to the image of addiction in society, and to financial and administrative issues, and hence are different to stressors identified by other researchers for female partners of male alcoholics and from support needs of close-one’s of the mentally ill.