Physical Concepts Research Articles

Engklek Games Ethnoscience-Based Learning Material (EGEBLM) to Improve Students’ Physics Concept Understanding and Learning Motivation

Understanding concepts is essential in physics education, as this subject emphasizes the practical application of concepts over rote memorization. This approach helps prevent students from occurring misconceptions. Moreover, learning motivation can raise enthusiasm for learning physics to achieve the expected goals. However, evidence suggests that both variables show low levels. Therefore, this study aims to develop valid, practical, and effective Engklek game ethnoscience-based edutainment learning materials (EGEBLM) to improve students' physics concept understanding and learning motivation. This research utilizes the 4D type (Define, Design, Develop, Dissemination) to fulfill the quality test of the developed learning materials. The sample of this study involved 29 high school students at level XI. The EGEBLM test design used a non-equivalent control group design. Data were analyzed using descriptive and statistical tests, including N-gain, t-test, and MANOVA. The results reveal that EGEBLM is declared valid in content and construct in each component, including syllabus, lesson plans, teaching materials, student worksheets, test instruments, and response questionnaires. Observations indicate that each learning approach's syntax can be effectively implemented ( 3.00), rendering it suitable for educational applications. EGEBLM also meets effective criteria based on descriptive and statistical tests (p 0.05) to enhance conceptual understanding and learning motivation, receiving positive feedback from students to this learning. This learning model combines collaborative discovery learning activities with traditional Engklek games that they have applied everyday, enabling students to understand physics concepts easily and meaningful learning experience. This research has implications as an innovative method in learning physics edutainment, offering an accessible, cost-effective, enjoyable approach while also preserving the Engklek cultural context.

Using characteristic mode theory to design and analyze an X-band polarization conversion metasurface

This paper proposes a new framework based on the characteristic modes analysis (CMA) to design polarization conversion metasurfaces (PCMs). This approach relies on the information inferred from the characteristic currents of the dominant modes (DMs). To demonstrate the advantages of this strategy, a multi-functional PCM is designed for the X-band frequencies. Besides, this paper expands and develops the characteristic mode rotation (CMR) method to investigate the intrinsic behavior of PCMs. Based on the extended CMR method, the physical concepts behind polarization conversion purity and angular stability at the resonance frequencies are revealed in a new manner. Finally, a prototype of the designed polarizer is fabricated and its reflection coefficients are measured. A great agreement between simulation and measurement results is obtained.

Glossary of Terms and Concepts in Medical Radiation Physics. Terminology Used in Dosimetry and Treatment Planning of Brachytherapy

Medical radiation physics supports medical diagnostic and treatment process based on the use of ionizing radiation in radiation therapy, nuclear medicine, radiation diagnostics and radiation safety of patients and personnel. However, the successful implementation of this process requires close interaction of specialists in all the above areas. The basis of such interaction is the unification of the terminology and concepts used at various stages of the diagnostic and treatment process. The article presents a glossary on dosimetry and treatment planning of brachytherapy which contains the most commonly used terms in this field and explanations for each of them. The glossary is intended for use both in professional education, including postgraduate education, and for medical physicists and radiation oncologists working in radiological medical organizations

Glossary of Terms and Concepts in Medical Radiation Physics. Terminology Used in Quality Assurance of External Radiation Therapy

Medical radiation physics supports medical diagnostic and treatment process based on the use of ionizing radiation in radiation therapy, nuclear medicine, radiation diagnostics and radiation safety of patients and personnel. However, the successful implementation of this process requires close interaction of specialists in all the above areas. The basis of such interaction is the unification of the terminology and concepts used at various stages of the diagnostic and treatment process. The article presents a glossary on quality assurance of external radiation therapy which contains the most commonly used terms in this field and explanations for each of them. The glossary is intended for use both in professional education, including postgraduate education, and for medical physicists and radiation oncologists working in radiological medical organizations.

Examination of Exercise Addiction Levels and Thoughts of Students of the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation on Physical Activity Concepts

Bu araştırmada fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon bölümü öğrencilerinin tedavi edici egzersiz, fiziksel rehabilitasyon, fiziksel aktivite ve egzersiz bağımlılıklarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan desen araştırma modeli ve nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeli kullanılarak metaforların ve ölçek puanlarının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma grubunu Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon bölümünde öğrenim gören 178 fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon bölümü öğrencisi oluşmaktadır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda tedavi edici egzersize yönelik 38, fiziksel rehabilitasyona yönelik 30 ve fiziksel aktiviteye yönelik 3 tema algıladıkları görülmektedir. Fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon bölümü öğrencilerinin tedavi edici egzersize yönelik algılamış oldukları kategoriler “eğlendirici etki”, “fiziksel etki”, “psikolojik etki”, “tedavi” ve “zorunluluk”, fiziksel rehabilitasyona yönelik fiziksel etki”, “psikolojik etki”, “tedavi” ve “zorunluluk” ve fiziksel aktiviteye yönelik “fizyolojik etki”, “psikolojik etki” ve “fizyolojik ve psikolojik etki” kategorileri şeklinde ayrıldıkları görülmektedir. Ayrıca fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon bölümü öğrencilerinin nicel araştırma metoduna yönelik analizinde; egzersiz bağımlılığına yönelik araştırmasında cinsiyet ve yaş değişkenine göre farklılık olduğu, sınıf değişkenine göre farklılık olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon bölümü öğrencilerinin düşünceleri incelendiğinde fiziksel aktivite ve rehabilitasyona yönelik fizyolojik ve psikolojik etkilerinin olduğu, bireylerin egzersiz sayesinde vücutlarını daha güçlü ve kuvvetli hissettiklerini ve bunun sonucunda yaşam kalitelerinin arttığı söylenebilir.

The Effect of Physical and Virtual Inquiry-Based Experiments on Students’ Attitudes and Learning

Involving students in laboratory and inquiry-based activities can help them understand the concepts of physics. However the learning process should not only focus on the concepts. Moreover, the advantages of using virtual or physical labs are still under examination. The purpose of this study is to analyse which of the two modes (virtual or physical) is the most effective for high-school students, in terms of conceptual understanding and attitudes. The criteria for this comparison are (a) the contribution of these two modes to the improvement of conceptual understanding and (b) the students’ attitudes towards both modes of laboratory. The participants were high-school students of 3rd grade in two different groups. For the purpose of the study, four educational scenarios were created: two in the field of Mechanics and two in that of Electricity. The study revealed no statistically significant difference regarding students’ experimenting in either lab mode. Moreover, students’ attitudes towards both virtual and physical labs were similarly positive. We assume that these results may contribute to a broader perspective on choosing the lab mode when designing activities, given the fact that both the understanding and attitudes of the students are similar in the cases examined. Thus, the final choice of modality should be based on other factors, such as the adequacy of equipment, the educational conditions (e.g. distance education) and the specific learning goals set by the teacher.

Students are Not Sure about Their Conceptual Understanding: A Comparative Study of the Level of Conceptual Understanding and the Level of Confidence Using Rasch Modeling

Misconceiving fundamental physics concepts is a persistent challenge in education, hindering students' ability to grasp more advanced topics. This study aims to compare students' conceptual understanding and confidence levels using a 4-tier diagnostic instrument. Conducted as a survey involving 56 high school students in Yogyakarta, the research utilized a 4-tier diagnostic test covering topics of temperature and heat. Data were collected through Google Forms and analyzed using Excel and Winsteps 4.6.1 based on the Rasch Model. Data analysis involved coding, preparing raw data, and utilizing Wright maps combined with Logit Value of Person (LVP) for assessing students' conceptual understanding and confidence levels. Results indicated a significant inconsistency between students' conceptual understanding and their confidence, with many students displaying high confidence despite low understanding, and vice versa. This mismatch highlights the necessity for educational strategies that not only clarify concepts but also align students' confidence with their actual understanding. The study's implications suggest the need for more comprehensive diagnostic tools and targeted pedagogical interventions to enhance learning outcomes in physics education.

Can CPS better prepare 8th graders for problem-solving in electromagnetism and bridging the gap between high- and low-achievers than IPS?

AbstractThe individual problem-solving (IPS) and collaborative problem-solving (CPS) have received a lot of attention, yet little research has been conducted to investigate whether CPS and IPS are equally effective in improving students’ understanding of physics concepts, problem-solving abilities, and minimizing achievement gaps. Therefore, the present study developed two types of online electromagnetism problem solving programs with simulation—IPS and CPS—for 8th grade students over five class sessions. Students in the CPS group significantly outperformed those in the IPS group on their performance of physics problem solving test and online problem-solving solution, while IPS and CPS both affected their physics concept test performance to the same degree. The CPS group allocated more time to the online problem-solving solution, evidence-based reasoning, simulation and data reporting than the IPS group. Both CPS and IPS affected high-achievers' problem-solving performance to the same extent. Nonetheless, CPS was more effective in maximizing low-achievers' problem-solving performance and minimizing the discrepancy between high- and low-achievers than IPS, possibly because low-achievers in CPS group requested and received more support from high-achieving students. Regression analysis indicated that students' online problem-solving solution significantly predict their posttest performance in the physics concept test and physics problem-solving test.

Preliminary Analysis of the Physics Enrichment Book Design-Edupark Hot Waterboom Solok Selatan Integrated Inquiry Learning Model

Hot Waterboom Solok Selatan is one of the tourist destinations that is often visited by people on vacation. However, visits to these attractions are only for traveling, taking pictures, and playing. They do not realize that tourist attractions can also be used as learning resources. This study aims to determine the needs of teaching materials that are in accordance with the background of students and their environment. This research is a preliminary study of the research and development method using the Plomp model, which consists of student analysis, teacher analysis, and analysis of physics concepts. The data in this study were obtained from the results of needs analysis through interviews with two physics teachers and 38 students at SMAN 3 Solok Selatan. The results obtained from the students' environment, there is a tourist attraction, namely Hot Waterboom Solok Selatan. After direct observation to the tourist attraction, many physics concepts were found. From the results of the learning style questionnaire, students are more dominant visual learning style, so suitable teaching materials in the form of print media such as books. From the results of teacher interviews, the teaching materials used have not been integrated with eduparks and have not been equipped with learning models. The inquiry learning model is a model that is in accordance with the independent curriculum because learning is student centered and involves students actively discovering concepts. Based on the curriculum analysis, it is found that the physics materials on tourist attractions are not ordered, so the type of book that is suitable is an enrichment book. Enrichment book is a flexible type of book because it does not depend on the curriculum. It can be concluded that it is necessary to design a physics edupark enrichment book Hot Waterboom Solok Selatan integrated Inquiry Learning model for senior high school students.

Conceptual understanding and visual representation: are they still ordinary or extraordinary issues?

This article critically examines the prevalent focus on conceptual understanding in Indonesian physics education research, particularly emphasizing abstract concepts like electricity and heat transfer at different educational levels. The author challenges the common perception that certain physics concepts, such as force, are inherently abstract, asserting that all physics concepts possess an abstract nature. The recurring choice of investigating electricity-related topics, driven by their perceived abstractness, is questioned. The author observes a consistent use of similar research instruments across primary, junior high, senior high, and university levels, raising concerns about the lack of adaptation to students’ varying capabilities of abstraction. The argument is presented for aligning research topics with age-appropriate conceptual understanding, challenging the uniformity in the development of research instruments across different educational levels. In a parallel context, the article underscores the importance of visual representation as an evaluation tool in physics education. The scarcity of research in Indonesia utilizing visual representation is noted, attributed to students’ confusion and a lack of understanding. Visual representation is posited as crucial for gauging students’ comprehension of scientific concepts, with examples given in the realms of collisions and climate changes. In conclusion, the author hopes this issue becomes a reference for future physics education research, urging researchers to delve into robust studies on conceptual understanding and visual representation. The article underscores the pivotal role these elements play in shaping the trajectory of physics education research, advocating for a more nuanced and tailored approach to investigations in these areas.

Needs Analysis of Design for the Integrated Project-Based Learning Module at Edupark Physics Science and Technology Center Sawahlunto


 Visiting a Geopark or tourist attraction has become a lifestyle of the community, but the visit is still limited to a tourist visit and the activity is no more than to capture moments or recreation such as enjoying the beauty of nature, taking pictures, selfies, playing and others. Geoparks or tourist attractions as learning resources have not been maximally utilized, including the Sawahlunto Science and Technology Center. This research is a preliminary research that aims to analyze the needs in the development of physics edupark-based learning modules at the iptek center destination in sawahlunto. The type of research used is R&D (Research and Development) or also known as research and development using the Plomp model. This research is only a preliminary research stage consisting of teacher analysis, student analysis, and analysis of potential materials at the sawahlunto science and technology center. Data used in this study were obtained from interviews and questionnaires given to physics teachers and 30 students of class XI SMAN 13 Padang. Based on this preliminary research, the results obtained that teaching materials in the form of PjBL-based modules associated with edupark have benefits to; motivate students in learning, display physics phenomena as a whole, help develop students' knowledge and skills and help students in mastering physics material. In addition, the sawahlunto science and technology center tourism activities can be used as a physics edupark and as an object for developing teaching materials in the form of PjBL-based modules in the form of photos and videos because they have a lot to do with physics concepts. So it can be concluded that the PjBL-based learning module is a suitable teaching material if used as a physics edupark learning media.

Needs Analysis of Cognitive Conflict Teaching Materials Integrated with Augmented Reality Alternative Energy Material

The development of cognitive conflict-based learning models can improve understanding of physics concepts and remediate students' misconceptions. Teaching materials are usually arranged in a complete and systematic manner based on the learning principles used by teachers and students in the learning process. Teaching materials are very systematic because they are arranged sequentially making it easier for students to use them. This study aims to determine the need for cognitive conflict teaching materials that are integrated with Augmented Reality (AR) so as to increase high school students' conceptual understanding of alternative energy materials. This type of research is preliminary research. The instrument used was a questionnaire to analyze the needs of learning devices and the implementation of physics learning as well as analysis of journals to analyze students' conceptual understanding of alternative energy materials. This test was administered to 122 students from two different schools, and to 2 physics teachers at different schools. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of the study state that learning in schools is still focused on teachers and teaching materials have not been integrated with Augmented Reality (AR). The results of the analysis of students' conceptual understanding journals on alternative energy material are still low and misconceptions occur. Therefore, from the results of preliminary research it is necessary to develop cognitive conflict-based physics teaching materials that are integrated with augmented reality technology according to the demands of 21st century learning.P

Bohr’s atomic model and the probabilistic reality

An analysis of applying the property of speed instantaneity to electronic transitions (i.e., transitions of the atomic electron that are not instantaneous), instead of quantum jumps (i.e., instantaneous transitions), during a complete oscillation for the process of Bohr’s model of the atom absorbing and emitting electromagnetic radiation (i.e., photon) reveals a discontinuity that is conserved as an emitted electromagnetic radiation (i.e., photon) discontinuity. The frequency of the oscillations of the atomic electron (i.e., electric charge) and induced magnetic field for the transitions of the atomic electron (i.e., electric charge) during the complete oscillation for the absorption and emission process (of Bohr’s atomic model) is conserved as the frequency of the oscillating electric and magnetic fields of the emitted electromagnetic radiation (i.e., photon). The conserved frequency and discontinuity (based on speed instantaneity and electronic transitions that are not instantaneous) of the atomic absorption and emission process (of Bohr’s atomic model) lead to predicting the need for Planck’s constant (i.e., quantum of action) without the use of probability. Planck claimed the interpretation of reality must change if his method of deriving the radiation law stood on a physical concept. Einstein, whom Planck credited as the first to make an advancement in the quantum field, unknowingly introduced a quantized two-dimensional discontinuum geometry that is one of the foundations on which a table of five realities used in physics was developed for making predictions. Using the table of realities, locality is redefined, and entanglement is demystified.

Use of Phet Interactive Simulation Software in Physics Learning

Physics learning is a discipline that requires in-depth understanding and a strong grasp of concepts. The use of technology in physics learning has become very essential, such as in the use of PhET interactive simulation software. This article aims to explore literature studies regarding the use of PhET software in the context of physics learning and its positive impact on students' abilities. The literature review method was carried out by searching for articles and journals related to the use of PhET in physics learning. The study results show that the use of PhET in physics learning can increase students' understanding of physics concepts and motivate them to study physics. Strategies for using PhET in physics learning include using it as a tool in explaining physics concepts, creating virtual experiments by students, and preparing virtual experiment reports. This article is an effective and efficient alternative for increasing students' understanding of PhET in physics learning

Analysis of the Use of Optical Waves in the World of Health: Literature Study

Waves are vibrations that propagate at any time. Waves are divided into two, namely mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. In the world of health, what we often encounter are tools whose use is accompanied by one of the physics concepts, namely optical waves. Optical waves in the world of health are very important to apply because they are the basis for learning in health science or in the sense that the concepts that are developed in health science use the concept of optical waves. Optical waves are known as electromagnetic waves, because these waves describe visible light rays, infrared, and ultraviolet rays, so these rays are used as materials for the use of optical instruments. There are many kinds of optical instruments, including loupes which are used to magnify small things, microscopes as a tool to see objects that are far away with the sense of sight, binoculars as a tool to see the distance of objects that are far from the surface of the earth, and the eye as a tool for our vision. Then scientists applied the wave concept with optical tools to serve as a reference in the world of health. Waves according to Prof. Yohanes Surya, Ph. in the title of the book Vibrations and Waves (2019), propagating vibrations produce energy and move at a certain speed, and do not drag the material they pass through. The use of optical waves is widely applied in medical science, including X-rays as a detector for internal body elements to clarify broken parts such as bones or other things. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that waves are the basis in the world of health, which are of course used in optical equipment, and are a reference for the health team and as a basic concept in physics learning. This underlies the fact that optical waves are not only used in the world of education but are very It is also needed in the world of health.

Analysis Correlation of Learning Motivation and Conceptual Understanding in High School Students on Force and Motion

The research aims to determine the correlation between learning motivation and high school students' conceptual understanding of Force and Motion material. The research uses a quantitative approach to correlational analysis. The research was conducted at Malang City State High School with 33 students using purposive sampling. The instrument uses test instruments to measure students' understanding of concepts and non-test instruments in the form of questionnaires to measure students' learning motivation on Force and Motion material. The results of the analysis show that concept understanding is in the low category with an average score of 47.25. The student's learning motivation score shows 70.3 and is in the high category. The normality test shows that the concept understanding data is not normally distributed so the analysis uses Spearman correlation. The correlation test results obtained sig = 0.874 so there is no correlation between learning motivation and understanding of physics concepts in Force and Motion material.

Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Using a Virtual Laboratory to Improve Students' Understanding of Physics Concepts

This study aims to: (1) analyze the model/strategy/method of using virtual laboratories in learning physics, (2) analyze the effect of virtual laboratories in learning physics on increasing students' understanding of concepts. The method used in this research is meta-analysis. The collected articles totaled 20 articles published in the last 10 years in national and international journals. Data analysis was performed using predetermined instruments and effect size formulas. The results of the research are learning models/learning strategies/learning methods for using virtual laboratories in physics learning to improve students' understanding of concepts, there are 6 learning models, and 2 learning approaches. The inquiry learning model is the most widely used. static fluid material has a good effect on students' understanding of concepts. with an average effect size value of 1.81 with a high influence category.

Development of methodological recommendations for teaching physics based on the development of spatial imagination

Relevance. In modern education, much attention is paid to the development of critical thinking and cognitive skills of students, including the ability to spatial reasoning. This is important for the successful mastery of subjects, especially physics, where understanding of three-dimensional objects and phenomena is of key importance.Purpose. The purpose of this study is to create a methodology for teaching physics with an emphasis on the development of students� spatial imaginations. To test the effectiveness of the developed methodology, an experiment was conducted to assess the level of spatial imagination development of the participating students and to compare the results before and after the application of the methodology.Methodology. One of the key methods developed by the study is the use of visualizations and three-dimensional models in the learning process.Results. The main results of this study are related to the development of methodological recommendations for teaching physics based on the active development of students� spatial imaginations. This allows students to better understand abstract physical concepts, such as the structure of an atom or vector operations, through visual images. The study also identified effective techniques for developing students� spatial abilities. These include the inclusion of three-dimensional puzzle elements in assignments or solving problems involving the construction of spatial models, which helps students to better understand the geometric relationships and interactions of bodies in space. In addition, the importance of using interactive teaching methods, such as conducting virtual experiments or discussing three-dimensional simulations, was identified as contributing to a deeper understanding of the material.Conclusions. The practical significance of this study is to provide a specific methodology for physics teachers, which will optimize the learning process, increase students� understanding of the theory and develop their spatial imagination more effectively.

An Exploratory Study of the Ethnophysics Concept in the Spiritual Dance of Mpa’a Toja-Kalero Donggo to Identify Physics Learning Content as a Learning Resource

Ethnophysics discusses the interaction between culture and physics concepts utilized as learning resources. The use of resources close to the environment fosters contextual learning and can help students develop critical thinking skills. This research assesses physics concepts in the traditional dance of Mpa'a Toja-Kalero Donggo. The research goal is to identify physics content that can be used as a learning resource. The research is descriptive-qualitative, using the content analysis method. The object of research is the Mpa'a Toja-Kalero video, documentation of Majelis Kebudayaan Mbojo (Makembo), which was determined through purposive sampling. Methods of data collection include observation and literature review. The observation method is used to examine the various elements of mpa'a Toja-Kalero, such as the music and dance moves. Meanwhile, the literature review focused on analyzing the physics concepts in the spiritual dance Mpa'a Toja-Kalero. According to the findings of the analysis, Mpa'a Toja-Kalero contains physics concepts such as sound waves, regular straight motion, centripetal force, air resistance, center of mass, moment of inertia, and downward vertical motion

Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from the Secondary Metabolites of Marine Actinomycete Species

Bioprospecting marine actinomycetes can yield biological solutions to many of the key human concerns. The primary reservoir of bioactive metabolites with diverse applications is found in marine actinomycetes. Bioactive secondary metabolites produced by marine actinomycetes are widely used as immunosuppressives, antimicrobials, enzymes, and cosmetics. Actinoplanes, Micromonospora, Saccharopolyspora, Streptomyces, and Amycolatopsis are the main taxonomic groups of actinomycete that are important to industry. Because of the effectiveness of actinomycetes and their bioactive secondary metabolites, modern research is concentrating more on marine actinobacteria to address current difficulties. Nanotechnology combines the concepts of physics, chemistry, and biology to produce particles smaller than 100 nm, or nanoparticles, with specific applications. When it comes to a diverse array of bacteria and fungus, silver nanoparticles have broad spectrum antibacterial characteristics. Within the medical community, silver nanoparticles have become more well-liked because of their antibacterial properties.