Concept Of Design Thinking Research Articles

Integrating Learning and Serious Game Design: The Development and Application of the Learning and Game Integration (LGI) Framework using the ‘Blackout’ Serious Game

Serious games are increasingly recognised as effective educational tools capable of simulating complex scenarios that traditional methods cannot replicate. This paper introduces the Learning and Game Integration (LGI) Framework, designed to seamlessly integrate educational content with interactive game design. Utilising the “Blackout” serious game, which simulates real world complex problem, this study demonstrates how the LGI Framework can be utilised as learning intervention to enhance learning by teaching Design Thinking to university students. The framework consists of four stages: Educational Content Integration, Theoretical Underpinning, Case Study Selection, and Game Design. The “Blackout” game enables students to engage with various stakeholder perspectives, deeply analyse problems, and develop innovative solutions under crisis conditions. Preliminary feedback from its implementation in an undergraduate business course (N=753) indicates increased student engagement and confidence in applying Design Thinking concepts. This paper contributes to the field of business education by presenting an innovative approach to teaching innovative problem-solving skills through serious games, emphasising the need for holistic educational frameworks that bridge theoretical learning with real-world application.

Impact of a Design Thinking Educational Activity on Graduate Students' Knowledge, Confidence, and Perceived Benefits.

Design Thinking is gaining recognition as an innovative and creative approach to problem solving. Though nurse leaders need problem solving tools to address health care challenges, Design Thinking concepts are not commonly taught in nursing education. To introduce graduate level nursing students to Design Thinking, we held an educational activity focused on this content as part of required coursework. The purpose was to describe and compare outcomes of a Design Thinking educational activity on students' perceived knowledge, confidence, and benefits to nursing practice. Graduate level nursing students participated in a 3-hour educational activity. After the session, students completed an anonymous 10-item survey of their perceptions of the educational activity. Students reported increased knowledge and confidence of communication strategies and Design Thinking concepts that would benefit their practice. Nurse educators should include Design Thinking teaching and learning strategies in their programs.

Design thinking: Executing your organization's commitment to customer centricity

This paper discusses the concept of design thinking as an approach for organizations to become more customer-centric and elevate experiences. Design thinking involves understanding user needs, continuously iterating solutions, and embracing ambiguity through rapid experimentation. It places the customer at the heart of problem solving and innovation. The paper outlines five key steps of design thinking: 1) Empathize – Deeply understand user needs and expectations through ethnographic research like interviews and observations; 2) Define – Clearly identify problems or opportunities based on research, using tools like customer personas and journey maps; 3) Ideate – Brainstorm creative alternatives, drawing solutions from diverse sources of input including customers, employees, competitors, etc; 4) Prototype – Rapidly develop inexpensive prototypes for users to experience and provide feedback on to facilitate continuous improvement; 5) Test – Place prototypes into real-world environments and use co-creation by collaborating with users to further refine concepts. Successfully utilizing design thinking requires an organizational culture valuing customer-centricity, embracing continuous change, and failing fast to pivot quickly. The paper discusses applying design thinking to both external customer interfaces and internal operations and processes to elevate experiences across the board. This human-centric approach transforms businesses by keeping user needs central and enables the continual adaptation necessary in today's world to offer memorable engagements that foster lifelong customer relationships.

Design Thinking-based Learning Assessment Guidelines to Improve Students’ Independent Learning Capability

The less-than-optimal use of learning assessment, which influences the decline in independent learning abilities, is the background of this research. This study aims to develop design thinking-based learning assessment guidelines that are valid, practical and effective for improving independent learning abilities. This type of research is development research, and the research model used in this research is the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The subjects of this research consisted of 4 experts, 1 teacher and 38 sixth-grade elementary school students. The object of this research test is the independent learning ability of fourth-grade elementary school students. This research implies that the learning assessment guide makes it easier for teachers to involve students in achieving learning outcomes and goals. Development of a learning assessment guide based on design thinking, especially to improve the independent learning abilities of fourth-grade elementary school students. This guide facilitates learning that encourages grade IV students to become independent learners by combining design thinking concepts in the development process. The data collection method used was a questionnaire. The implication of this research is to increase learning independence. By emphasizing learning design that encourages student initiative and responsibility for their learning process, design thinking can help increase learning independence. The research results show that the data obtained is significant, which means this assessment effectively improves the independent learning abilities of fourth-grade elementary school students.

Designing a Business Model for Start-up Development of Downstream Wetland Products Based on Design Thinking

Abstract Wetland in South Kalimantan, especially swamp land, covers 6.07% of the land area. Wetland base products need to be accommodated in a start-up by providing a business design model accommodating many users. The research aimed at designing a business model accompanied by monetization to become a reliable start-up specifically for wetland commodities applying the concept of design thinking. The methodology began with conducting a needs analysis, determining an issue strategy, creating a demand design using the Analytical Network Process, establishing a Hierarchial Task Analysis for idea development and product design, conducting brainstorming, followed by further analysis until creating a Business Model applying five design thinking concepts, namely empathize, define, ideate, prototype and test. The application built based on the business model was named Hiyung Wonderful Wetland, Lambung Mangkurat University (HW2 ULM). Analysis of user needs included Admins, Innovators, Partners who were individual consumers/wholesalers, material providers and for monetization purposes. Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) started from identifying to determine what entities used in the diagram, then determining the entities having relationships, followed by adding attributes and determining key attributes for each entity. After carrying out the empathize, define, ideate stages towards users, a prototype was produced with a wireframe design starting from the start page, registration, main page, consultation page, chat page schedule, pay page to forum page. The application of the Test concept was still being verified towards target validation. The visualization (UI) and Application part involves the user’s feelings when operating a digital product (UX) likewise with the back end having high security. User recommendations are that the HW2 ULM Prototype can be tested immediately to be eligible to obtain a license.

Measuring the effectiveness of programmed instructions (PI) to learn design thinking concepts for secondary school students

Abstract Self-instructional media in education has the potential to address educational challenges such as accessibility, flexible and personalised learning, real-time assessment and resource efficiency. The objectives of this study are to (1) develop programmed instructions to teach design thinking concepts and (2) investigate its effects on secondary school students’ understanding of these concepts. A design thinking workshop was conducted with secondary school students; subsequently, their understanding of design thinking concepts gained through digital programmed instructions was evaluated. The study involved 33 novice secondary school students from grades 6 to 9 in India, who worked in teams to find and solve real-life, open-ended, complex problems during the workshop using the design thinking process. Data on (i) the individual performance in understanding design thinking concepts and (ii) team performance in design problem finding and solving were collected using individual tests and teams’ outcome evaluations, respectively. Students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the programmed instructions for supporting understanding of the concepts were also captured. Results show the positive effects on students’ understanding of design thinking concepts as well as on their problem-finding and solving skills. The results justify the use of programmed instructions in secondary school curricula to advance design thinking concepts. The current version of programmed instruction has limitations, including the absence of branching mechanisms, a detailed feedback system, multimodal content and backend functionalities. Future work will aim to address these issues and overcome these shortcomings.

Design Thinking Framework Toward Management Control System in Environmental Dynamism: An Innovation Perspective

Design thinking has been largely acknowledged as a technical advancement in business circles in terms of technology, innovation, creativity, and flexibility. Design techniques are becoming more and more popular among organizational executives as a cure-all for uncertainty and upheaval, so it is important to take environmental dynamism into account. However, with few exceptions, design thinking studies are most entrenched in considering various organization factors rather than environmental and control systems. The purpose of the present article is to shed insights into the relationship between design thinking and management control systems under the condition of a dynamic setting. Moreover, the article also presents design thinking as a strategic innovation concept that links to and works to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Further, we develop the framework that hypothesized design thinking relationship to diagnostic and interactive control systems (ICSs) in the domain of environmental dynamism and competitive advantage. A survey was conducted on research and development intensive firms varying from manufacturing to service. The results of this article revealed that design thinking is strongly linked with ICSs and sustainable competitive advantage. The present article suggests an imperative way toward integration of the concept of design thinking in businesses while considering environmental factors, given the growing scholarly interest in both design thinking and management control systems. The article also offers fruitful research directions and analyzes the ramifications of such directions for theory and practice.

НАУКА И ИСКУССТВО В ДИЗАЙН-ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ: ИСТОРИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ

Design is one of significant areas of human professional activity, in which the languages of science and the languages of art interact in different forms. The problems of such interaction were posed by Russian scientists and designers back in the 1960-70s. That time was characterized by the emergence of a number of theoretical and methodological works in the field of design, philosophy, and psychology devoted to a new understanding of design as the interaction of a person with his objective world. In a variety of interpretations, it is possible to note the common positions — interdisciplinarity and project-based nature of design. The special place of project development in design activities was emphasized in theory and methodology of design. Project development requires knowledge about things, their properties, about how a person can act with them, about their place and role in his life as well as about the methods of producing these things. The concept of design thinking as a modern approach to project development focuses on the need to meet human needs and consumer demands, i.e., beauty and convenience, dressed in an aesthetic form. The general principles for the considered approaches in design are orientation toward the person, his needs, ease of use of things and technologies, fulfilment of his potential in a variety of areas of life, including professional, social, creative. Design thinking can be applied in business, medicine, transport industry, and especially in information and creative fields. Both in history and in modern times, this approach necessarily has led to the emergence of interdisciplinary interactions and the development of conceptual foundations for the methodology of interdisciplinarity. In terms of the methodological bases of interdisciplinarity, this methodology was in demand in design and ergonomics in our country, and it was included in the principles of organizing research and development. A significant role in the implementation of the methodology of interdisciplinarity is played by projectivity as a state, an intention toward creativity, transformation, and the search for something new.

Design Thinking Skills for Senior Managers From Business and Technology Perspectives

Abstract
 Introduction: Design thinking is regarded as a non-linear iterative process that is applied in a bid to understand users, identify problems and develop innovative solutions to problems. The concept of design thinking has attracted interest from professionals across sectors. Although design thinking has been traditionally applied by design professionals the tool has proved effective in managing organizations. Several leading businesses have reported having applied design thinking to achieve organizational success. The strategy is emerging as a critical tool for businesses seeking to advance their competitive strategy.
 Purpose: The paper seeks to create an understanding of the concept of design thinking and how it is applied in business management. Consequently, the paper seeks to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of design thinking in relation to enhancing business performance.
 Methodology: This section outlines the techniques that will be used in collecting information. The study will make use of interviews from business leaders and professionals in the field. Questionnaire is used as a guide for undertaking the interviews. Qualitative and quantitative analysis is be used in analyzing the data obtained.
 Discussion: Design thinking has been an instrumental strategy in promoting business success. Business leaders are benefiting from the application of this strategy in realizing success for their organizations. However, the strategy has not received much appreciation from small organizations and hence suggested as a turnaround concept in business performance.
 Conclusion: The findings successfully answer the question regarding the pros and cons of applying design thinking strategy in business. The study finds that design thinking is a contributing factor to business success and hence a concept that should be applied in facilitating business operations.
 Key words: Design thinking, design-led professional, Technology perspective, Business perspective

Systematic Literature Review: TPACK-Integrated Design Thinking in Education

This research aims to analyze design thinking integrated with technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in ducation. This research is a type of systematic literature review (SLR) research with the PRISMA method. The data sources in the study came from 10 national and international journals published between 2018- 2023 and indexed by SINTA, Scopus, and WOS. The search for data sources comes from Google Scholar, MPDI, ScienceDirect, Wiley, and Eric. The analysis shows that 1) TPACK-integrated design thinking has a positive impact on the learning process, and 2) design thinking integrated with TPACK in education has a variety of forms both in theory and practice. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the concept of design thinking integrated with TPACK is very necessary to be developed in the education system in Indonesia. Design thinking integrated with TPACK is able to encourage students' critical thinking skills and creativity in learning.

O vliyanii russkih arhitektorov na gradostroitel'stvo sovremennogo Harbina (1898–1917 gg.)

This article explains the influence of concept of design thinking and business ability on the urban development of Harbin from the perspectives of professional background, life experience, education experience and work experience of Russian architects, so as to enrich the study contents of modern urban history and provide references for relevant studies.

Design Thinking: Metode Perancangan Aplikasi Bapeling Dalam Penanganan Sampah Berbasis Sumber Provinsi Bali

Towards the New Era of Bali, the provincial government of Bali is moving to make Bali free from piles of garbage. Through Governor Regulation Number 47 of 2019 concerning Source-Based Waste Handling. Waste management is carried out from the smallest level of the adat village/village or kelurahan. Innovations in recording from waste banks which are still recorded manually are now being designed with a website-based application that can assist the management of TPS 3R. The method used to analyze community needs for digital innovation is carried out using a qualitative approach and the concept of design thinking. The stages in design thinking are empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the application that can be applied to assist TPS3R's performance in managing waste is in the recording and reporting section that is carried out in each village. Source-based waste management is expected that the community can independently manage and sort their waste, for recycled waste collected at the village waste bank. This digital innovation is called "Bali Peduli Lingkungan” or Bapeling. Bapeling is an application that is designed to function as an educational tool, to support the performance of TPS3R officers, to assist the Forestry and Environment Service government in tracking waste records that have been collected by TPS3R, as well as a buying and selling place that can improve the economy of the Balinese people. From the results of this analysis and design, it is hoped that at a later stage it can be implemented in the form of an appropriate website design and utilized directly by the community.

PROMOTING START-UPS AMONG STUDENTS BY IDEATION WORKSHOP

Thirteen groups of students have started Start Up journey conceiving an idea to address specific problems of farmers. The main ideas include improved seed drills, weed management devices, harvesters, livestock feed, value addition to agri products, apps on labour management, etc. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad has conducted ideation workshops under Institutional Development Plan of National Agricultural Higher Education Project. In order to encourage students to generate idea and develop a product/innovation to address the problems of farming community and other stake holders, ideathon workshop were conducted in all constituent colleges of UAS, Dharwad. The students were oriented about the process and design thinking concepts. Out of 70 student groups who have presented the idea for a specific problem of students, 35 groups have been short listed and 10 groups were successfully developed the prototypes. Among them, four groups have are at the stage of commercial production and registered as a private limited company. The impact assessment result revealed that the ideation workshops were useful in terms of building Entrepreneurship Skills, Self-Confidence and created opportunity to find solutions to the problems. The experience of students in product development revealed that 24.79 per cent students have learnt to design prototypes and 47.01 per cent expressed that they learnt to modify prototypes and make suitable changes. The overall benefit was expressed as high in building solutions by 52.14 percent of students, 49.57 percent gained confidence to startup and over 50 percent gained confidence to manage a startup. The major support expected by students includes financial assistance , moral support , laboratory and other techinical support. The overall benefit realize by students inicludes exposure to the idea development 26.50 percent understanding pros and cons of idea 32.48 percent and confidence building 64.96 percent. It is clear from the study that students can generate effective ideas for the problems of the farmers and other stake holders. There is need for facilitating and guiding the students in the startup journey. Ideation workshops serve as a first step in promotion of startups among the students

Design Thinking as an Innovative Method of Formation of Creativity Skills in Students of Higher Education

Analysis of design thinking as an innovative method of forming creative skills in students is the goal of the investigation. To write the article, general scientific methods were applied. From the theoretical pedagogical methods, we highlight the approaches of concretization, generalization and abstraction. In particular, the terminological discussions regarding the concept of design thinking are defined in the results. Also in the results it is shown the connections between the development of creativity and employment; the features of the stages of its use in the education process, the role of design thinking in the formation of creativity are elaborated. In our opinion, design thinking is a principle of joint research that influences the formation of innovative team solutions and the solution of complex problems. It is concluded, that the following criteria of design thinking are the main ones: focus on cooperation, participation, anthropology and conducting experiments. Usually in pedagogy, a certain division into stages is used in the use of design thinking: empathy, focus, generation of ideas, prototyping, testing. Modern top managers recognize that the fascination with the creative component harms production processes.

Cognitive Phenomena of Style and Creativity

This paper explains a cognitive notion of style and creativity approached from reviewing the general concepts of design thinking and cognition, exploring patterns of cognitive operations conducted in the design processes, elaborating how style and creativity are coming from executing these cognitive operations. In fact, style and creativity are the resulting phenomena, or byproducts, coming from design cognition. Thus, based on the concept of resulting phenomena from cognition as the premise, this paper itemized the theories of “changing or modifying our ways of executing our design cognition, our style and creativity would be improved.” Especially, style and creativity, as defined by features appearing in design products, should be treated as physical entities that they could be identified, recognized, and measured instead of abstract notions of intangible elements. Finally, the correlations between style and creativity are summarized to conclude the impact of design cognition. Hopefully, this paper will provide an outline for the ways to improve our style and creativity in design.

Design thinking for entrepreneurship: An explorative inquiry into its practical contributions

Design thinking (DT) is expanding its horizons across a variety of different domains. One of the early and debated contributions regarding DT addressed its relationship with the entrepreneurial field. Today, there are numerous contributions that design thinking can offer in the creation of new ventures. However, there are few examples in the literature that discuss the concrete impacts and benefits of adopting DT in this field, demonstrating it through entrepreneurial projects. This paper aims to explore practitioners’ experiences with the application of theories from design thinking inside an entrepreneurial context. The impacts of the learning and the relative application of the main design thinking principles are evaluated via a sample of 50 participants in an international summer academy that offered education on DT concepts and practices. Through this research, a deep understanding of how design thinking can contribute to entrepreneurship is provided, highlighting which specific DT abilities enable the development of entrepreneurial activity.

A Systematic Review on Design Thinking Integrated Learning in K-12 Education

Design thinking is regarded as an essential way to cultivate 21st century competency and there has been a concomitant rise of needs and interest in introducing K-12 students to design thinking. This study aimed to review high-qualified empirical studies on design thinking integrated learning (DTIL) in K-12 education and explore its future research perspectives. After a systematic search in online database via a keyword search and snowballing approach, 43 SSCI journal papers with 44 studies were included in this review. The results indicate that: (1) There has been a growing popularity of integrating design thinking into K-12 education over the past decade, and most empirical studies target middle school students with small group size and a short period; (2) Studies tend to pay more attention to STEM related curriculum domains by incorporating non-unified design thinking models or processes, and the core concepts of design thinking in K-12 education have been frequently valued and pursued including prototype, ideate, define, test, explore, empathize, evaluate, and optimize; (3) The mostly evaluated learning performances are design thinking, followed by emotional/social aspect, subject learning performance and skill. For evaluation, qualitative assessments are used more frequently with instruments like survey/questionnaire, portfolio, interview, observation, protocol analysis, etc. (4) interventions with non-experimental study, formal classroom setting, collaborative learning, and traditional tools or materials have been mainly applied to the open-ended and challenging activities in real situated DTIL. Overall, the 43 papers suggest that design thinking shows great educational potential in K-12 education, however, the empirical evidence that supports the effectiveness of DTIL is still rather limited. Research gaps and future directions derived from reviewed papers are also discussed.

Reframing Patient Experience Approaches and Methods to Achieve Patient-Centeredness in Healthcare: Scoping Review.

(1) There has been growing attention among healthcare researchers on new and innovative methodologies for improving patient experience. This study reviewed the approaches and methods used in current patient experience research by applying the perspective of design thinking to discuss practical methodologies for a patient-centered approach and creative problem-solving. (2) A scoping review was performed to identify research trends in healthcare. A four-stage design thinking process (“Discover”, “Define”, “Develop”, and “Deliver”) and five themes (“User focus”, “Problem-framing”, “Visualization”, “Experimentation”, and “Diversity”), characterizing the concept, were used for the analysis framework. (3) After reviewing 67 studies, the current studies show that the iterative process of divergent and convergent thinking is lacking, which is a core concept of design thinking, and it is necessary to employ an integrative methodology to actively apply collaborative, multidisciplinary, and creative attributes for a specific and tangible solution. (4) For creative problem-solving to improve patient experience, we should explore the possibilities of various solutions by an iterative process of divergent and convergent thinking. A concrete and visualized solution should be sought through active user interactions from various fields. For this, a specific methodology that allows users to collaborate by applying the integrative viewpoint of design thinking should be introduced.

How to innovate in health area?

Companies, markets, and consumption patterns are all part of daily life, particularly in health area. It is the responsibility of the pharmaceutical industry and patients to develop pertinent solutions (innovations) that are based on human needs. Design Thinking (DT) is a tool for innovating, and it should put people first. The answer has the power to transform people's lives or address their problems. The purpose of this work is to propose DT concepts for application in health area innovation. Empathy, Collaboration, and Experimentation are the three primary pillars of Design Thinking, a human-centered paradigm of thought. The four steps of this innovative development technique are Discover, Define, Develop, and Commercialize. Discover, Define, Develop, and Deliver are the four distinct steps of this innovative development technique. The DT creative process is collaborative and incorporates consumers from the outset. Users of DT look for products that offer value that can be quickly tested, verified, and deployed on the market or for the user's advantage. To vastly enhance the experiences of healthcare consumers, DT is broadly applicable in the field of health area and to all acts that directly or indirectly involve the prevention and/or treatment of illnesses. Because the major emphasis is on the individual/patient/customer/service, combining this technique with conventional scientific methods might boost health innovation.

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN POTENTIAL: DESIGN THINKING AS A WAY OF IMPROVING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF ECONOMISTS

In a post-industrial society, the quality of professional education becomes a leading factor in the formation of human potential. One of the ways to ensure the effectiveness of this process is the use of innovative educational technologies aimed not only at the formation of professional competences, but also at the development of creativity which, in the future, will contribute to the search for non-standard ways of solving real problems. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of interactive educational technologies based on the concept of design thinking on the success of students of economic specialties and their internal motivation to study mathematical disciplines. The format of a business game has been chosen as a method of implementing the concept of design thinking. It involved the construction of a mathematical model of a real economic problem and the use of a mathematical apparatus to solve it. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of gamification it has decided to distribute students according to academic performance and students ranked classes according to their preferences using the method of hierarchies analysis. The experience of implementing business games demonstrated by the example of the discipline “Operations Research and Optimization Methods” confirmed the effectiveness of this technique in the process of studying the disciplines of the mathematical cycle precisely due to the increase in students’ internal motivation. Compared to traditional teaching methods, the formation of students’ professional competencies has been enriched by the experience of solving transdisciplinary tasks. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the professional competencies of future economists are significantly improved thanks to the use of a business game in the learning process where a real economic problem is adapted to the topic of the discipline.