Concept Of Monitoring Research Articles

Reconceptualising parental monitoring within a model of goal-directed parental action

The concept and operationalisation of parental monitoring in adolescent behavioural research is idiosyncratic, and often conflates multiple concepts. This hinders study and understanding of its role in the distinct processes of adolescent development and behaviour. This paper introduces a model of Goal-Directed Parental Action, applied to adolescent crime, in order to situate and thus define the concept of parental monitoring. This model draws on Situational Action Theory to both prioritise motivation and specify a parental action process. This process distinguishes parental goals from the means by which to achieve them and from the knowledge gathering required to evaluate progress towards such goals. Within this framework, parental monitoring is defined as the employment of active information-gathering behaviours by parents to help them to gain knowledge about and evaluate their child's progress towards a range of parentally selected developmental and behavioural goals. In addition to facilitating this definition of parental monitoring, the model of Goal-Directed Parental Action has future potential to clarify other parenting concepts and processes. • Outlines new model of goal-directed parental action (adolescent crime case study). • Clarifies concept of parental monitoring (adolescent crime case study). • Emphasises role of motivation in parental action. • Builds on new parental influence framework. • Facilitates future specification of concepts and parenting-outcome mechanisms.

Ultra-fast prompt gamma detection in single proton counting regime for range monitoring in particle therapy

In order to fully exploit the ballistic potential of particle therapy, we propose an online range monitoring concept based on time-of-flight (TOF)-resolved prompt gamma (PG) detection in a single proton counting regime. In a proof of principle experiment, different types of monolithic scintillating gamma detectors are read in time coincidence with a diamond-based beam hodoscope, in order to build TOF spectra of PG generated in a target presenting an air cavity of variable thickness. Since the measurement was carried out at low beam currents (< 1 proton/bunch) it was possible to reach excellent coincidence time resolutions, of the order of 100 ps (σ). Our goal is to detect possible deviations of the proton range with respect to treatment planning within a few intense irradiation spots at the beginning of the session and then carry on the treatment at standard beam currents. The measurements were limited to 10 mm proton range shift. A Monte Carlo simulation study reproducing the experiment has shown that a 3 mm shift can be detected at 2σ by a single detector of ∼1.4 × 10−3 absolute detection efficiency within a single irradiation spot (∼108 protons) and an optimised experimental set-up.

Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems

The recent surge of interest in explainability in artificial intelligence (XAI) is propelled by not only technological advancements in machine learning but also by regulatory initiatives to foster transparency in algorithmic decision making. In this article, we revise the current concept of explainability and identify three limitations: passive explainee, narrow view on the social process, and undifferentiated assessment of explainee’s understanding. In order to overcome these limitations, we present explanation as a social practice in which explainer and explainee co-construct understanding on the microlevel. We view the co-construction on a microlevel as embedded into a macrolevel, yielding expectations concerning, e.g., social roles or partner models: typically, the role of the explainer is to provide an explanation and to adapt it to the current level of explainee’s understanding; the explainee, in turn, is expected to provide cues that direct the explainer. Building on explanations being a social practice, we present a conceptual framework that aims to guide future research in XAI. The framework relies on the key concepts of monitoring and scaffolding to capture the development of interaction. We relate our conceptual framework and our new perspective on explaining to transparency and autonomy as objectives considered for XAI.

Security and Watering System Counseling Based on Internet of Things (IoT) in Pondok Hijau Indah Residential Area

Nowadays, security and gardening systems in densely populated residential areas are generally done manually. The security system in housing sometimes places security posts at street corners that are some distance from citizen’s homes thus they cannot be monitored at all times. Whereas other problem of watering system in citizen’s homes, someone has to water the plants one by one that it is not efficient in energy, time and water availability thus that it can reduce the quality of the plants. Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept and method for remote control, monitoring, and various tasks. IoT is connected to a network that it can be accessed anywhere which can make things easier. IoT can be used to solve various problems. One of them is security issues and gardening activities. By using smart home technology, the security system is carried out by placing CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) which can be accessed by the home owner, anytime and anywhere the home owner is located. On the other hand, gardening is one of the most popular hobbies. In this field, IoT can be used to monitor and regulate various things to support gardening activities. In this community service activity, we are proposed a simple automatic gardening system for watering some plants programmatically in Pondok Hijau Indah residence. The system also allows manual human intervention either locally or remotely via the internet to control CCTV and water pumps. To build this smart Home system we will use the Xiaomi Home application from Google Play. In this application, we can set a program to control CCTV and water the plants every day at a certain time periodically, in this case, we set every 7 hours to watering the plants.

Evaluating the Performance of a Plasma Analyzer for a Space Weather Monitor Mission Concept

AbstractWe use historical analysis of solar wind plasma and coronal mass ejections to define the range of performance required for an ion analyzer for future space weather monitoring missions. We adopt the design of a top hat electrostatic analyzer, capable of measuring the plasma protons and constructing their three‐dimensional distribution functions. The design is based on previous heritage instruments and allows monitoring of extreme space weather events. In order to evaluate the future observations and their analysis methods, we model the expected response of the instrument in simulated plasma conditions. We evaluate a novel analysis method which can determine on board the plasma bulk properties, such as density, velocity, and temperature from the statistical moments of the observed velocity distribution functions of the plasma particles. We quantify the accuracy of the derived parameters critical for space weather purposes, by comparing them with the corresponding input solar wind parameters. In order to validate the instrument design, we examine the accuracy over the entire range of the input parameters we expect to observe in solar wind, from benign to extreme space weather conditions. We also use realistic parameters of fast solar wind streams and interplanetary coronal mass ejections as measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft, to investigate the performance of the example instrument and the accuracy of the analysis. We discuss the achieved accuracy and its relevance to space weather monitoring concepts. We address sources of significant errors, and we demonstrate potential improvements by using a fitting analysis method to derive the results.

Tools to Support Self-Care Monitoring at Home: Perspectives of Patients with Heart Failure.

Self-care monitoring at home can be a challenge for patients with heart failure (HF). Tools that leverage information and communication technology (ICT), comprise medical devices, or have written material may support their efforts at home. The aim of this study was to describe HF patients’ experiences and their prioritization of tools that support, or could support, self-care monitoring at home. A descriptive qualitative design employing semi-structured interviews was used with HF patients living at home and attending an HF outpatient clinic in Norway. We used a deductive analysis approach, using the concept of self-care monitoring with ICT tools, paper-based tools, medical devices, and tools to consult with healthcare professionals (HCPs) as the categorization matrix. Nineteen HF patients with a mean age of 64 years participated. ICT tools are used by individual participants to identify changes in their HF symptoms, but are not available by healthcare services. Paper-based tools, medical devices, and face-to-face consultation with healthcare professionals are traditional tools that are available and used by individual participants. HF patients use traditional and ICT tools to support recognizing, identifying, and responding to HF symptoms at home, suggesting that they could be used if they are available and supplemented by in-person consultation with HCPs.

Predictive Maintenance Scheduling with Failure Rate Described by Truncated Normal Distribution.

The method of risk assessment and planning of technical inspections of machines and optimization of production tasks is the main focus of this study. Any unpredicted failure resulted in the production plans no longer being valid, production processes needing to be rescheduled, costs of unused machine production capacity and losses due to the production of poor-quality products increase, as well as additional costs of human resources, equipment, and materials used during the maintenance. The method reflects the operation of the production system and the nature of the disturbances, allowing for the estimation of unknown parameters related to machine reliability. The machine failure frequency was described with the normal distribution truncated to the positive half of the axis. In production practice, this distribution is commonly used to describe the phenomenon of irregularities. The presented method was an extension of the Six Sigma concept for monitoring and continuous control in order to eliminate and prevent various inconsistencies in processes and resulting products. Reliability characteristics were used to develop predictive schedules. Schedules were assessed using the criteria of solution and quality robustness. Estimation methods of parameters describing disturbances were compared for different job shop scheduling problems. The estimation method based on a maximum likelihood approach allowed for more accurate prediction of scheduling problems. The paper presents a practical example of the application of the proposed method for electric steering gears.

Financial instruments and budget monitoring: harmonization of public and private interests in a digitalized economy

The article discusses the financial instruments used by the Federal Treasury in managing free budget funds in a single account. The public and private interests arising in the public sector taking into account group affiliation are characterized. The concept of budget monitoring is given, the target component and risks to be identified in the process of conducting budget monitoring are identified.

Approach to Preventive Epilepsy Treatment in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Current Clinical Practice in 23 Countries

A survey on the epilepsy management approach in infants with TSC was sent by e-mail to 165 clinicians who actively participated in TSC international research conferences in years 2016 - 2019. Additionally, the e-mail addresses of TSC referral centers were collected from national TSC organizations. The survey was also distributed in the American Epilepsy Society newsletter. Only responses from centers providing neurological care for children with TSC were included in the study. Sixty-one responses from 23 countries were analyzed. Sixty respondents answered questions concerning infants, and 57 of 60 respondents (95%) perform at least one EEG study before epilepsy onset and 42 (70.0%) conduct regular EEG monitoring. Most of the clinicians perform video EEG (42/61, 68.8%). Overall, 51.7% of respondents, mostly from Europe, Australia, and South America, endorse preventive antiepileptic treatment in infants with TSC. Vigabatrin is a preferred drug in patients younger than twoyears old for both focal (61.7%) and generalized (56.7%) seizures. Despite the lack of published results of randomized trials, the concepts of preseizure EEG monitoring and epilepsy prevention are already being implemented in the majority of surveyed centers.

Hierarchical structural health monitoring of wind turbines based on an overview of mechanical damage

A metric of giving an overview of mechanical damage has been proposed to practically realize the structural health monitoring of mechanical system using IoT data. In the case that a mechanical system includes many local hot spots, such as welded and bolt joints, where structural health should be monitored, the health monitoring system for all spots could be a large and expensive one. To overcome this drawback and increase the number of machines under structural health monitoring, the concept of a hierarchical monitoring was applied to the structural health monitoring of wind turbines in this development. In the first stage of the hierarchical monitoring, an overview of mechanical damage is given using the proposed metric, and accordingly, target machines are extracted for additional monitoring. The local damage can be accurately evaluated at the hot spots in the additional monitoring. As the result of employing the metric of giving the overview for several wind turbines, the extracted turbines corresponded to the turbines that are operated under severe wind conditions and expected for the accumulation of mechanical damage. It can be therefore concluded that the concept of the hierarchical monitoring is effective to the expansion of the monitoring target.

Fault Detection based on MCSA for a 400Hz Asynchronous Motor for Airborne Applications

Future health monitoring concepts in different fields of engineering require reliable fault detection to avoid unscheduled machine downtime. Diagnosis of electrical induction machines for industrial applications is widely discussed in literature. In aviation industry, this topic is still only rarely discussed. A common approach to health monitoring for electrical induction machines is to use Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) based on a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Research results on this topic are available for comparatively large motors, where the power supply is typically based on 50Hz alternating current, which is the general power supply frequency for industrial applications.&#x0D; In this paper, transferability to airborne applications, where the power supply is 400Hz, is assessed. Three phase asynchronous motors are used to analyse detectability of different motor faults. The possibility to transfer fault detection results from 50Hz to 400Hz induction machines is the main question answered in this research work. 400Hz power supply frequency requires adjusted motor design, causing increased motor speed compared to 50Hz supply frequency. The motor used for experiments in this work is a 800W motor with 200V phase to phase power supply, powering an avionic fan. The fault cases to be examined are a bearing fault, a rotor unbalance, a stator winding fault, a broken rotor bar and a static air gap eccentricity. These are the most common faults in electrical induction machines which can cause machine downtime. The focus of the research work is the feasibility of the application of MCSA for small scale, high speed motor design, using the Fourier spectra of the current signal.&#x0D; Detectability is given for all but the bearing fault, although rotor unbalance can only be detected in case of severe damage level. Results obtained in the experiments are interpreted withrespect to the motor design. Physical interpretation are given in case the results differ from those found in literature for 50Hz electrical machines.

МОНИТОРИНГ УСЛОВИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

The article discusses the problems that arise when monitoring the conditions for the development of human capital in rural areas, since, despite the sufficient number of works on monitoring the human capital in rural areas or the agricultural sector, the integral system of quantitative socio-economic indicators for assessing the human capital development conditions in rural areas remains poorly studied. First of all, a basic concept of monitoring is given, as well as an applied concept - monitoring the human capital development conditions in rural areas, which is understood as a system of constant monitoring, collection, registration, storage and analysis of several key parameters that assess the conditions for the formation and development of congenital and accumulated physical, mental and personal abilities and qualities of the population of rural areas, as well as acquiring knowledge and skills that can be used by them in order to deliver economic income or social effect. The monitoring process is presented in detail in the relationship of this category with concepts close to it (diagnostics, as a preliminary stage, monitoring as the main stage, appropriate policy development, as the final stage). The diversity of monitoring indicators used in the social sphere of human life is reflected: for rural areas, for the agrarian sphere, for the regional socio-economic system, for the development of municipalities' social and labor systems, for social factors of the region's development, etc. The authors' idea of an integral system of indicators for monitoring the human capital development conditions in rural areas is given, which is a combination of six blocks: health care, education, culture and sports, demography and migration, infrastructure, as well as socio-economic conditions.

Predicting quality decay in continuously passaged mesenchymal stem cells by detecting morphological anomalies

With rapid advances in cell therapy, technologies enabling both consistency and efficiency in cell manufacturing are becoming necessary. Morphological monitoring allows practical quality maintenance in cell manufacturing facilities, but relies heavily on human skill. For more reproducible and data-driven quality evaluation, image-based morphological analysis provides multiple advantages over manual observation. Our group has investigated the performance of multiple morphological parameters obtained from time-course images to non-invasively and quantitatively predict cellular quality using machine learning algorithms. Although such morphology-based computational models succeeded in early cell quality predictions, it was difficult to introduce our approach in cell manufacturing facilities owing to data variation issues. Since manufacturing facilities have fixed their protocol to minimize anomalies as much as possible, most accumulated data are normal, and anomalies are scarce. Thus, our morphological analysis had to adapt to such practical situation where it was difficult to observe a wide range of data variations, including both normal samples and anomalies, which is typically essential to improve most machine learning models' performance. In the present study, we introduce a practical morphological analysis concept by investigating the performance of anomalous quality decay discrimination during the continuous passaging of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Combining the visualization method and asymmetric statistic discrimination, we describe an effective morphology-based, in-process quality monitoring concept to detect quality anomalies throughout cell culture process. Our results showed that the use of morphological parameters to reflect cellular population heterogeneity can predict hMSC quality decay within 6h after seeding.

A Process Analytical Concept for In-Line FTIR Monitoring of Polysiloxane Formation.

The chemical synthesis of polysiloxanes from monomeric starting materials involves a series of hydrolysis, condensation and modification reactions with complex monomeric and oligomeric reaction mixtures. Real-time monitoring and precise process control of the synthesis process is of great importance to ensure reproducible intermediates and products and can readily be performed by optical spectroscopy. In chemical reactions involving rapid and simultaneous functional group transformations and complex reaction mixtures, however, the spectroscopic signals are often ambiguous due to overlapping bands, shifting peaks and changing baselines. The univariate analysis of individual absorbance signals is hence often only of limited use. In contrast, batch modelling based on the multivariate analysis of the time course of principal components (PCs) derived from the reaction spectra provides a more efficient tool for real-time monitoring. In batch modelling, not only single absorbance bands are used but information over a broad range of wavelengths is extracted from the evolving spectral fingerprints and used for analysis. Thereby, process control can be based on numerous chemical and morphological changes taking place during synthesis. “Bad” (or abnormal) batches can quickly be distinguished from “normal” ones by comparing the respective reaction trajectories in real time. In this work, FTIR spectroscopy was combined with multivariate data analysis for the in-line process characterization and batch modelling of polysiloxane formation. The synthesis was conducted under different starting conditions using various reactant concentrations. The complex spectral information was evaluated using chemometrics (principal component analysis, PCA). Specific spectral features at different stages of the reaction were assigned to the corresponding reaction steps. Reaction trajectories were derived based on batch modelling using a wide range of wavelengths. Subsequently, complexity was reduced again to the most relevant absorbance signals in order to derive a concept for a low-cost process spectroscopic set-up which could be used for real-time process monitoring and reaction control.

Hydrogeological insights and modelling for sustainable use of a stressed carbonate aquifer in the Mediterranean area: From passive withdrawals to active management

Abstract Study area Venafro Mts., southern-central Italy, Mediterranean basin. Study focus Via a collection of geological and hydrogeological data, a flow conceptual model of a carbonate aquifer has been coupled with a numerical model via MODFLOW code and Unsaturated Zone Flow (UZF) package in steady state and transient conditions. Simulation is further implemented with different management scenarios, for facing possible emergencies due to recharge decrease, also simulating a drastic water abstraction cut-off. New hydrological insights for the region Carbonate fractured aquifers are a strategic water resource in the whole Mediterranean area, supplying major metropolitan areas. Despite these huge extensions, such groundwater systems are threatened by increasing drought occurrence and significant human water abstraction. A characterization of a carbonate fractured aquifer (370 km2) located in central-southern Italy has been performed. Venafro Mts. Aquifer (VMA) hosts a strategic resource for the Western Campania Waterworks (WCW) that supplies the populous metropolitan area of Naples, with 3.8 million inhabitants. VMA shows a slow response, with recovery time estimated at the decennial scale, testifying its limited resilience to natural and human pressures. A shift is proposed from passive management to a more comprehensive concept of smart-water monitoring, applied not only to waterworks and pipelines, but also to groundwater resources in the environment.

Development of an Electrical Resistivity Tomography Monitoring Concept for the Svelvik CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; Field Lab, Norway

Abstract. Within the ERA-NET co-funded ACT project Pre-ACT (Pressure control and conformance management for safe and efficient CO2 storage – Accelerating CCS Technologies), a monitoring concept was established to distinguish between CO2 induced saturation and pore pressure effects. As part of this monitoring concept, geoelectrical cross-hole surveys have been designed and conducted at the Svelvik CO2 Field Lab, located on the Svelvik ridge at the outlet of the Drammensfjord in Norway. The Svelvik CO2 Field Lab has been established in summer 2019, and comprises four newly drilled, 100 m deep monitoring wells, surrounding an existing well used for water and CO2 injection. Each monitoring well was equipped with modern sensing systems including five types of fiber-optic cables, conventional- and capillary pressure monitoring systems, as well as electrode arrays for Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) surveys. With a total of 64 electrodes (16 each per monitoring well), a large number of measurement configurations for the ERT imaging is possible, requiring the performance of the tomography to be investigated beforehand by numerical studies. We combine the free and open-source geophysical modeling library pyGIMLi with Eclipse reservoir modeling to simulate the expected behavior of all cross-well electrode configurations during the CO2 injection experiment. Simulated CO2 saturations are converted to changes in electrical resistivity using Archie's Law. Using a finely meshed resistivity model, we simulate the response of all possible measurement configurations, where always two electrodes are located in two corresponding wells. We select suitable sets of configurations based on different criteria, i.e. the ratio between the measured change in apparent resistivity in relation to the geometric factor and the maximum sensitivity in the target area. The individually selected measurement configurations are tested by inverting the synthetic ERT data on a second coarser mesh. The pre-experimental, numerical results show adequate resolution of the CO2 plume. Since less CO2 was injected during the field experiment than originally modeled, we perform post-experimental tests of the selected configurations for their potential to image the CO2 plume using revised reservoir models and injection volumes. These tests show that detecting the small amount of injected CO2 will likely not be feasible.

Experiencing human rights protections in prisons: The case of prison monitoring in Ireland

The protection of human rights in prison gives rise to unique challenges. The power differentials and dynamics involved, the need to balance considerations of security with those of dignity, and the lack of openness to the outside world mean that the implementation of human rights principles takes on a particular importance in these environments. International human rights law has increasingly emphasized the importance of external oversight of prisons as a way to prevent torture and ill-treatment and to uphold fundamental rights more generally. Although the monitoring of prisons is now quite well established as a principle of European and international human rights provisions, we know surprisingly little about how people in prison experience and understand monitoring bodies. This gap in our understanding is part of a wider lack of literature on how prisoners experience their rights and protections of their rights. This article addresses that gap, reporting on qualitative findings from a study with people in prison in Ireland on their views and perceptions of a monitoring body: the Inspector of Prisons. The article finds evidence of a lack of awareness of, and a deficit of trust in, monitoring. However, this picture is complex, with people in prison also viewing the concept of monitoring as a good way to protect rights, believing that the visibility of monitors, clarity in their role and powers, and ensuring that a variety of voices are heard by monitoring bodies are important elements of a good system of prison oversight.

Геоинформационная оценка и картографирование динамики урбанизированной территорииг. Улан-Удэ

The article presents information about methods and technologies used in assessing the dynamics of urbanized territory, gives a brief description of them, and identifies advantages and disadvantages. The concept of geoinformation monitoring of an urbanized territory is formulated. To integrate heterogeneous and multiformat data and assess the dynamics of residential environmental management, a problem-oriented GIS for monitoring urbanized territories has been developed on the example of Ulan-Ude city (Republic of Buryatia). The functional structure of GIS, consisting of measuring, analytical and cartographic blocks, is presented, and the characteristics of each block are given. The planned basis of GIS is the topographic basis of three spatial levels: regional (1:200 000) for monitoring agglomerations and large cities; local (1:50 000, 1:100 000) to assess the dynamics of residential development of the territory; detailed (1:10 000, 1:25 000) to assess the dynamics of real estate and land plots. A digital terrain model is used as a high-altitude basis for the assessment of urbanized territories, which allows the assessment of morphometric parameters of the residential nature management system. The dynamics of the urbanized territory of Ulan-Ude was estimated using six time sections. The physical and geographical features of the urbanized territory development are determined, the map of the city dynamics for the entire period of residential development is compiled, and the forecast of the further development of the urbanized territory for background and local buildings is presented.

Проблемы и перспективы формирования системы проактивного мониторинга безопасности работников предприятий горнодобывающей отрасли

The analysis of official statistics shows that the existing mechanisms for reducing the risks of occupational injuries, based on monitoring traditional indicators of occupational safety, and financing a set of appropriate preventive measures, largely exhausted their potential. They do not contribute to further formation of a stable trend to reduce the occupational injuries. The phased abandonment of prescriptive regulation in the industry of the Russian Federation makes it inevitable to introduce the concept of the goal of activities on ensuring occupational safety and health. Approaches to managing safety of the organizational processes when measuring the efficiency of the occupational health and safety management system should be based on active monitoring and continuous improvement of the performance indicators of the relevant processes. The relevance and need for a comprehensive solution of the theoretical, methodological and applied problems of monitoring efficiency in the field of ensuring safety of employees labor in the industry of the Russian Federation, as well as the imperfection of the scientific and methodological base and the state system of the operative management of occupational risks require the development of adequate and efficient solutions for improving the level of occupational safety, reduction of deaths and injurie rate. The essence of the concept of proactive monitoring of safety is that the efficiency of planning and monitoring in the field of ensuring safety at all levels (state, industry, corporate, etc.) should be justified using measurable indicators (indices) of the efficiency of ensuring safety and corresponding values of the target and threshold safety levels. The paper focuses on the problems of developing a proactive monitoring system for occupational safety, and the use of leading indicators for monitoring occupational safety and health state in real time, as well as to respond appropriately.

Characterization of the SIDDHARTA-2 luminosity monitor

A luminosity monitor, based on plastic scintillator detectors, has been developed for the SIDDHARTA-2 experiment aiming to perform high precision measurements of kaonic atoms and was installed in 2020 on the DAΦNE e+e− collider at LNF (Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN). The main goal of this system is to provide the instantaneous and integrated luminosity of the DAΦNE facility by measuring the rate of K+K− correlated pairs emitted by the ϕ meson decay. This task requires an accurate timing of the DAQ signals, as well as timing resolution below 1 ns, in order to disentangle the K± signals from the background minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) produced during the e+ e− collisions at DAΦNE. In this paper the luminosity monitor concept as well as its laboratory characterization and the first results inside DAΦNE are presented.