Total Thiol Content Research Articles

The anti-inflammatory influence of Cinnamomum burmannii against multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced liver injury in rats.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are extensively used in nanotechnology due to their unique physico-chemical properties. CNTs were implicated in many disorders connected with human health. So, we aimed in this study to provide new insight into the role of aqueous C. burmannii in treating the possible hepatotoxic effects of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) exposure. A total of 32 male albino rats were divided into 4 groups: control group, cinnamon-treated group, MWCNT-treated, and cinnamon- and MWCNT-treated group. To achieve the aim of this study, evaluation of percentage change of body weight, oxidant, and antioxidant status including lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrite, total thiols, glutathione contents (GSH), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S transferase (GST) was done. Histopathological examination and the rate of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and tumor necrotic factor-α were performed. Oral administration of aqueous C. burmannii to those MWCNT-treated rats resulted in a significant reduction in LPO and total thiol contents with a significant elevation in the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPX, while GSH content and GST activity were not significantly affected. We observed a significant downregulation in the rate of previous pro-inflammatory cytokines. All this improvement in these examined markers resulted in a significant modulation in the hepatic histopathological lesions caused by MWCNTs. Aqueous C. burmannii extract exhibited a potential defensive effect on the hepatic injury triggered by MWCNTs through upgrading the antioxidant system and downregulating the rate of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains

AbstractThe rye flour is, together with the wheat flour, the basic ingredient used in traditional bread baking. The rye grain contains many compounds with significant impacts on the consumer. Considering that, various biologically active phytochemicals were determined in extracts from mature grains of 19 rye genotypes (Secale cereale L.). The content of total phenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids and thiols, as well as antioxidant activities and inhibitory activities against trypsin, thrombin, and urokinase were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. The vanillic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, and t-ferulic acid were analyzed in particular by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The observed differences in the amounts and activities between rye genotypes reflected variations in their genetic background. Rye grain is a remarkable source of specific phytochemicals. Genetic diversity in rye makes it possible to identify individual genotypes that have a unique content and biological activity of compounds deposited in mature grains. One subgroup of rye genotypes had higher values of antioxidant properties and concentrations of polyphenols. Other sub-group had higher proteinase inhibitory activities and contents of polyphenols. The third sub-group contained as though the universal genotypes, i.e. genotypes with average values in nearly all the measured parameters.

Remarkable rutin-rich Hypericum capitatum extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on turpentine oil-induced inflammation in rats

BackgroundNatural extracts with beneficial biological activities are nowadays of high interest, in various treatment or prophylaxis. Hypericum capitatum has been known for its curative effects for centuries and its extracts have become of interest due to their distinct activity among other Hypericaceae members. In this study, further light is aimed to be shed on the secondary-metabolites composition of H. capitatum extracts, using chromatographic techniques and Electron paramagnetic resonance profiles in alkaline medium. Considering that no previous works explored the anti-inflammatory activity of H. capitatum, here, an in vivo study is also designed in order to evaluate this property by assessing the impact of one of H. capitatum extracts in ameliorating turpentine oil-induced inflammation on rats and to quantify their blood antioxidants level.MethodsChromatographic techniques and Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy were used in order to describe the chemical profile in different parts of the plant. The in vivo study on turpentine-oil induced inflammation in rats included three doses of H. capitatum extract expressed in rutin concentration. Oxidative stress was measured using total oxidative status, total antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress index, 3-nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and the inflammatory response was evaluated by performing a complete blood cells count and C reactive protein.ResultsThe extract was remarkably rich in rutin; however, other polyphenolic-like minor components appeared important in explaining the observed biological properties. The tested extract prevents the increase of inflammation-induced white blood cell count, number of neutrophils, and serum nitric oxide, and did so in a dose-dependent manner, similarly to the positive control—diclofenac. In addition, the same extract appeared to be a good alternative to diclofenac to restore total oxidative status, thiobarbituric active reactive species, total proteins and C reactive proteins. Moreover, antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and total serum thiol concentration were significantly increased by the tested extract.ConclusionsDue to its powerful reservoir rich in rutin, H. capitatum extract depicted its in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects indicating it to be a good alternative to conventional drugs for oxidative stress protection.

Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis in patients with postherpetic neuralgia

Abstract Background Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is an isotype of albumin that increases under oxidative stress, and plasma thiols are main defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate thiol-disulfide homeostasis and serum IMA levels in postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) patients. Methods A total of 29 PHN patients and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum total and native thiol concentrations and serum disulfide concentration were measured using the method described by Erel and Neselioglu. The albumin cobalt binding test was used to measure serum IMA levels. Results Serum IMA levels were 1.21 ± 0.58 AU and 0.75 ± 0.09 AU in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Serum total thiol concentrations were found to be 421.62 ± 90.28 μmol/L and 598.36 ± 73.63 μmol/L in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Serum native thiol concentrations were found to be 365.75 ± 92.07 μmol/L and 531.90 ± 72.9 μmol/L in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Serum disulfide concentrations were found to be 33.23 ± 5.33 μmol/L and 27.93 ± 7.81 μmol/L in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p = 0.003). The native thiol/total thiol ratio was significantly lower, and the disulfide/total thiol and disulfide/native thiol ratios were significantly higher in the PHN group compared to the controls. Conclusions IMA levels are high and dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis is disrupted in PHN patients.

The solubility of palladium (Pd) in crude oil at 150, 200 and 250 °C and its application to ore genesis

Although most economic palladium deposits occur in mafic igneous rocks and are the products of magmatic processes, there are a number of polymetallic deposits hosted by organic-rich (bituminous) black shales in which the palladium reaches exploitable concentrations. Considering that palladium is rarely concentrated by hydrothermal processes, and as organic-rich black shales are the source beds for the production of hydrocarbons and bitumen commonly records the path taken by these hydrocarbons, it is reasonable to entertain the possibility that liquid hydrocarbons may act as an ore fluid for palladium. In order to test the potential of liquid hydrocarbons to act as ore fluids, Pd (0) metal wires were reacted with three crude oils, A, B and C (A being the lightest and C being the heaviest crude oil), at temperatures of 150, 200 and 250˚C. After reaction at 150˚C, the Pd concentrations in crude oils A, B and C were 60 ± 20 ppb, 19 ± 4ppb, and 128 ± 29 ppb, respectively. The corresponding concentrations at 200 ˚C, were 18 ± 6ppb, 17 ± 6ppb, and 50 ± 15 ppb, respectively, and at 250˚C, were 16 ± 2 ppb, 11 ± 1 ppb and 26 ± 2 ppb, respectively (n=3). The measured solubility of Pd was highest in the heaviest crude oil, C. All three oils reached their maximum Pd concentration at 150˚C, with Pd concentration decreasing progressively as temperature increased to 250˚C. To gain insights into the mechanism controlling the dissolution of Pd in crude oil, we analysed the reacted Pd wires using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS spectrum displays a well-defined thiol (R-SH) peak at a binding energy of 163eV, which indicates that Pd has an affinity for reduced organosulfur compounds. Moreover, Pd concentrations were observed to increase with the total thiol content of the oil, thereby corroborating the results of the XPS analyses. Our results clearly show that Pd solubility in crude oil is promoted by the presence of thiols. As thiol-rich hydrocarbons usually develop in deep, high temperature (100–140°C) carbonate sequences containing abundant sulfate mineralization, it is thought that the thiols are the products of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) (Machel, 2001). We therefore propose that liquid hydrocarbons, which have interacted with sulfate at relatively high temperature, may serve as effective ore fluids for palladium.

Gallic acid protects against neurochemical alterations in transgenic Drosophila model of Alzheimer’s disease

This study evaluated the effect of gallic acid on some selected biomarkers in Drosophila melanogaster model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Transgenic D. melanogaster expressing human amyloid precursor protein and β-secretase (BACE 1) genes were used as AD flies while wild type (Oregon strain) flies served as the normal control flies. Both fly strains were exposed to gallic acid in their diet. Thereafter, the flies were sacrificed and homogenized. The homogenates were assayed for reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol contents, as well as the activity of catalase. Also the activity of cholinesterases (ChEs) and β-secretase (BACE-1) were quantified. Results showed that the AD flies had significantly higher ChEs and BACE-1 activity, ROS and MDA contents, as well as lower total thiol level and catalase activity compared to the normal control flies. However, these biochemical impairments in AD control flies were significantly ameliorated in AD flies treated with gallic acid. Therefore, this study has shown that gallic acid could ameliorate elevated ChEs and BACE-1 activities, as well as oxidative stress induced by β-amyloid generation in D. melanogaster model of AD. This therefore, suggests gallic acid as a promising nutraceutical for the management of AD.

Effect of Captopril on Brain Oxidative Damage in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Mice<br />

Background: Frequent seizure is followed by overproduction of free radicals and brain oxidative stress. Renin angiotensin system (RAS) has some effects on central nervous system. We designed this research to challenge the effect of captopril as an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor against brain oxidative stress in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) -induced seizures in mice. Methods: The groups were including (1) Control (saline); (2) PTZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.), (3-5) PTZ- captopril (Capto) that received three doses of Capto 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg 30 min before PTZ injection. Latency time in the onset minimal clonic seizures (MCS) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) were recorded. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in the hippocampus and cortex were measured. Results: All doses of captopril postponed the onset of MCS and GTCS. Accumulation of MDA in the brain tissues of PTZ group was higher than control group, while total thiol content and CAT activity were lower. Pretreatment with captopril (100 mg/kg) diminished MDA concentration compared with PTZ group. Captopril (50 and 100 mg/kg) also increased the level of total thiol groups versus PTZ group. Captopril injection (50 and 100 mg/kg) elevated the activity of SOD and CAT in the brain tissues. In addition captopril administration diminished mortality rate caused by PTZ. Conclusion: Findings demonstrated that convulsions caused by PTZ were followed by oxidative stress status in the brain tissues. Pretreatment with captopril attenuated the effect of PTZ on brain tissue oxidative damage.<br />

Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ribes khorasanicum on Acute Hypertension Induced by L-NAME in Rat.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ribes khorasanicum (R. khorasanicum); a plant growing in north Khorasan of Iran; on cardiovascular and stress oxidative in acute hypertension induced by N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), anitric oxide synthase inhibitor.MethodsRats were divided into Control, L-NAME (10 mg/kg), Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) (50 mg/kg) + L-NAME and three treated groups with R. khorasanicum (4, 12 and 24 mg/kg) groups + L-NAME. L-NAME and SNP were injected intravenously and extract intraperitoneal. In R. khorasanicum groups, L-NAME was injected 30 min after injection of the extract. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously using power lab software. At the end of study oxidative stress parameters including of total thiol content (SH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in heart and aorta of all groups were also measured.ResultsIn groups 4 and 24 mg/kg extract +L-NAME, there was a non-significant decrease in SBP and MAP compared to L-NAME group but dose 12 mg/kg significantly attenuate the effect of L-NAME(P < 0.05). In L-NAME group the heart and aorta tissues antioxidant enzymes levels decreased, while in treated rats these enzymes significantly increased.ConclusionThe extract of R. khorasanicum in dose 12 mg/kg show anti-hypertensive effect that is mediated by an effect on NO system or antioxidant parameters.

Seed priming with H2S and Ca2+ trigger signal memory that induces cross-adaptation against nickel stress in zucchini seedlings

In this study, the effect of seed priming with sodium hydro sulfide (NaHS) and CaCl2 as well as the possible relationship between them in inducing post-germinative cross-adaptation in zucchini seedlings (cv Courgette d’Italie) were investigated. Results showed that Ni toxicity reduced plant growth and photosynthetic pigments, decreased the content of ascorbate (AsA) and total thiols, increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and electrolyte leakage (EL), up-regulated the transcription levels of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and phytochelatin (PCs) genes and elevated H2S content in leaves of zucchini seedlings. Individual or combined seed priming with Ca2+ and NaHS improved the content of photosynthetic pigments and seedling biomass, reduced H2O2 content and EL, increased the content of AsA and total thiols, decreased ascorbate peroxidase activity and enhanced glutathione reductase activity in leaves. These findings suggest the last time effect of seed priming with Ca2+ and NaHS on inducing cross-adaptation in seedlings under Ni stress. H2S accumulation and other responses induced with Ca2+ in leaves were weakened with hypotaurine (HT as H2S scavenger), denoting seed priming with Ca2+ established cross-adaptation in a H2S-dependent manner. Seed priming with NaHS amplified CDPK transcripts in leaves of seedlings and seed priming with ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (as Ca2+ chelator), lanthanum chloride and verapamil (as plasma membrane channel blockers) reduced transcript levels of CDPK and PCs genes and reversed impacts of seed priming with NaHS. These results indicated that the cross-adaptation induced with NaHS is mediated through Ca2+ signaling. Overall our findings suggest that two-side cross-talk between Ca2+ and H2S is involved in the acquisition of a signal memory in seed embryo cells which can be employed upon a later Ni-exposure and more strongly enhance AsA-GSH cycle, redox homeostasis and phytochelatin transcripts in leaves of zucchini seedlings grown from primed seeds.

The In vivo Antioxidant Protective Activity of Mangifera indica Cold Aqueous Leaf Extract in Drosophila Melanogaster

Objective: To evaluate in vivo antioxidant activity of Mangifera indica cold aqueous leaf extract. &#x0D; Methods: A number of 50 adult flies were exposed to graded concentrations of Mangifera indca cold aqueous leaf extract, 2.5 mg/10 g diet, 5 mg/10 g diet and 10 mg/10 g diet for 5 days. Each concentration was prepared in 200 µl of distilled water and replicated five times. 10 g diet with 200 µl distilled water served as control. Mortality reading was taken at 24 hours interval. The flies were homogenized, centrifuged and the supernatant was used to assay for Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT) and Total thiol content.&#x0D; Results: The % mortality of flies after 5 days showed 32.5%, 0%, 15.5% and 37% in the control (10 g diet with 200 µl of distilled water), 2.5 mg/10 g diet, 5 mg/10 g diet and 10 mg/ 10 g diet respectively. There was elevation in total thiol content and high GST and CAT activity in 2.5 mg/10 g diet and 5 mg/10 g diet treated flies.&#x0D; Conclusion: The 100% and 85% survival of 2.5 mg/10 g and 5 mg/10 g diet-treated flies respectively and increase of fly antioxidant system after 5 days exposure at these concentrations may suggest protective activity of Mangifera indica in D. melanogaster.

Glioprotective Effect of Chitosan-Coated Rosmarinic Acid Nanoemulsions Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rat Astrocyte Primary Cultures.

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural polyphenolic compound with a well-documented neuroprotective effect mainly associated with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Recently, our research group developed and optimized chitosan-coated RA nanoemulsions (RA CNE) intended to be used for nasal delivery as a new potential neuroprotective therapy. In this sense, the presentstudy aimed to evaluate the protective and/or therapeutic potential of RA CNE in inflammation/oxidative stress induced by LPS (1μgmL-1) in rat astrocyte primary cultures. In summary, pre-treatment with RA CNE before exposure to LPS (protective protocol) reduced significantly the LPS-induced alterations in astrocyte cell viability, proliferation, and cell death by necrosis, which was not observed in therapeutic protocol. RA CNE protective protocol also enhanced anti-oxidative status by ~ 50% by decreasing oxygen reactive species production and nitric oxide levels and preventing total thiol content decrease. Finally, our results demonstrate the protective effect of RA CNE in migratory activation and GFAP expression of reactive astrocytes. Overall, our findings indicate for the first time the RA CNE glioprotective potential, associated with an increase in cell viability and proliferation, a preventive effect on cellular death by necrosis, migratory ability and hypertrophic reactive astrocytes, and the reparation of astrocyte redox state.

Oxidative stress response to different exercise intensity with an automated assay: thiol/disulphide homeostasis

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different intensity treadmill exercises on the thiol disulphide homeostasis which is a new marker of oxidative stress in rats. Male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control (CNT), low (LEx), moderate (MEx) and high-intensity exercise (HEx) group. Exercise was performed for 4 weeks. Following completion of the experimental protocol, serum total thiol, native thiol and disulphide concentrations were determined using a novel automated measurement method. Additionally, dynamic disulphide status, reduced thiol, oxidised thiol and thiol oxidation reduction percentage ratios were compared among the groups. Disulphide levels were significantly lower in MEx group and highest in CNT group (p = .047). The lowest oxidised thiol and the highest reduced thiol were determined in CNT group (p = .086; p = .083). These findings indicate that moderate-intensity exercise is more effective in reducing oxidative stress than low and high-intensity exercise.

English

This study sought to evaluate the behavioural and biochemical effects of Dextran Sodium Sulphate (DSS) on the oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes. Drosophila melanogaster (both sexes) of 3 days old were exposed to various DSS incorporated diets at concentrations, 0.5 - 3.0% for a period of 14 days (Survival rate). The second phase comprised of 3 groups; Group I- Control (normal diet), Group II-0.5% DSS, and Group III – 1.0% DSS and fed for 5 days. Climbing activity and biochemical assays were then determined. The survival rates of the flies with concentrations above 1.0% were highly reduced. The induced oxidative stress caused by DSS showed an impaired climbing activity, a significant (p<0.05) increase in the catalase enzymatic activity and malondialdehyde content in both Groups II and III in relation to the flies in Group I (control). Also there was significant (p<0.05) inhibition of GST activity and reduction of total thiol contents in group III in comparison to the control. In conclusion, the DSS dose- dependent toxicity effect was revealed by the increase in the malondialdehyde contents and catalase enzymatic activity. Key words: Drosophila melanogaster, oxidative stress, pro-oxidant, antioxidant enzymes, dextran sodium sulphate.

Attenuating Effect of Portulaca oleracea Extract on Chronic Constriction Injury Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats: An Evidence of Anti-oxidative and Anti-inflammatory Effects.

Neuropathic pain responds poorly to drug treatments. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of Portulaca oleracea, in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Neuropathic pain was performed by putting four loose ligatures around the sciatic nerve. CCI resulted in the development of heat hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia accompanied by an increase in the contents of TNF-α, IL1β, malondialdehyde, with a reduction in total thiol content. Administration of Portulaca oleracea (100 and 200 mg/kg intraperitoneal) for 14 days in CCI rats significantly alleviated pain-related behaviors, oxidative damage and inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, it is suggested that the antinociceptive effects of Portulaca oleracea might be due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Benfotiamine supplementation prevents oxidative stress in anterior tibialis muscle and heart

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of oral supplementation with benfotiamine on oxidative stress in the liver, heart and muscles of endurance-trained mice. MethodsTwenty-five male BALB/c mice were allocated to the following treatment groups: standard diet and sedentary activity (Sta–Sed), benfotiamine–supplemented diet and sedentary activity (Ben–Sed), standard diet and training activity (Sta–Tr) and benfotiamine–supplemented diet and training activity (Ben–Tr). The training comprised 6 weeks of endurance swimming training. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), carbonylated proteins, total thiols and non-protein thiols was analyzed in the liver, heart and tibialis anterior muscle. ResultsIn the muscle, TBARS concentration in the Sta–Sed group was higher than that in other groups; in the heart, TBARS concentration in the Sta–Sed and Ben–Tr groups was higher than that in the Ben–Sed group. The carbonyl content of the muscle tissues was higher in the Sta–Sed group than in both supplemented groups. In liver, the carbonyl content was lower in the Ben–Sed group than in the Sta–Sed group. The level of total thiols was lower in the Ben–Sed group than in the Sta–Tr group. In the heart, the level of total thiols was higher in the Ben–Sed group than in the Ben–Tr group. The concentration of non-protein thiols in the muscle was higher in the Ben–Sed group than in the Ben–Tr group, whereas in the heart, concentration of non-protein thiols of Sta–Tr group was lower than that of Sta–Sed group. ConclusionThe results show that benfotiamine is an efficient antioxidant for the anterior tibialis muscle and heart; however, swimming training did not alter redox status.

Evaluation of thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with pityriasis rosea

Purpose: Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a common, self-limiting, inflammatory skin disease with an acute onset. The etiology of PR is not yet clearly known but the defect in the oxidation system involved in many papulosquamous skin diseases may play a role. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis is a new marker of oxidative stress and has been studied in many diseases in recent years. The aim of this study to investigate thiol/disulfide homeostasis in PR patients.Material and methods: Thirty-four patients (18 females, 16 males; median age 26 years) that presented to the Dermatology Clinic of Istanbul Medipol Mega University Hospital between November 2017 and December 2018 and were clinically and/or histopathologically diagnosed with PR, and 30 healthy individuals (16 females, 14 males; median age 27 years) were included in the study. The serum native thiol and total thiol were measured by a novel colorimetric, automated method. The disulfide levels and disulfide/native thiol ratios were also calculated from these measured parameters.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the serum native thiol and total thiol concentration between the PR and control groups (p = 0.711 and 0.788, respectively). Disulfide, disulfide/native thiol, and disulfide/total thiol levels were significantly higher in patients with PR (p = 0.002, 0.006 and 0.006, respectively).Conclusions: The thiol-disulfide balance shifted toward disulfide in patients with PR. This demonstrates the importance of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of PR using a new marker.

Effects of carvacrol and physical exercise on motor and memory impairments associated with Parkinson's disease.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of carvacrol and treadmill exercise on memory deficit, rotational behavior and oxidative stress biomarkers in a 6-OHDA-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease. Wistar rats were treated with carvacrol at a dose of 25 mg/kg and/or ran on a treadmill for a week. Then, 6-OHDA was microinjected into the medial forebrain bundle and treatments continued for six more weeks. Aversive memory, rotational behavior and oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed at the end of week six. The 6-OHDA-lesioned group showed a significant increase in rotational behavior and a decrease in step-through latency in the passive avoidance test compared with the sham group. These behaviors were accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation levels and decreased total thiol concentration in the striatum and/or hippocampus of the hemiparkinsonian rats. Moreover, treatment with carvacrol and exercise reduced rotational behavior and improved aversive memory deficit, which was accompanied by decreased lipid peroxidation levels and increased total thiol concentration in the striatum and/or hippocampus. In conclusion, treatment with carvacrol and treadmill exercise ameliorated motor and memory deficits by modulating oxidative stress in the striatum and hippocampus of hemiparkinsonian rats. Therefore, the combination of carvacrol and treadmill exercise could be an effective therapeutic tool for treatment of neurobehavioral deficits in Parkinson's disease patients.

MON-215 1,25-DIHDYROXYVITAMIN D3 AMELIORATES IOHEXOL-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RENAL CELLS

Despite advancements in imaging and interventional technologies, radiocontrast media continue to pose a risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in a subset of patients prone for this complication. Iohexol, which is a non-ionic, monomeric, iodinated low osmolar radiocontrast agent induces direct renal cytotoxicity and renal ischemia resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Besides, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of Vitamin D is reported to have an antioxidative role. In this study, we intended to demonstrate the significance of antioxidant effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Vero cells exposed to Iohexol in vitro. The cytotoxicity induced by Iohexol was tested in Vero cell line (ATCC® CLL-81™) by viability assay (MTT assay). Varying doses of Iohexol containing increasing concentrations of iodine (17.5 to 300 mg/ml) were used and corresponding morphological changes of cell viability were studied in relation to a control group. Total ROS is detected using PathScan® Total ROS1 Sandwich ELISA Kit (CST, MA, USA). Vero cells treated with or without Iohexol in the presence or absence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were analyzed after staining the cells with DAPI (4’6-diamidino-2-phenylindole). Lipid peroxidation was determined by TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive species) assay. Antioxidants including total thiol content were assessed by Elmman’s method, Catalase by Colorimetric method and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) by Nitroblue tetrazolium assay. In our preliminary experiments, it was found that in comparison with the control cells, the cell viability dramatically decreased in Iohexol-treated cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner (Figures 1,2). ROS buildup and corresponding increase in lipid peroxidation were seen in Iohexol-treated cells (Figures 3,4,5). These effects were significantly reduced in cells exposed to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Vero cells displayed decreased viability in the presence of Iohexol in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Increase in lipid peroxidation occurred along with a concomitant reduction in antioxidant levels indicating generation of ROS. Furthermore, 1,25-diihydroxyvitamin D3 reduced the production of ROS and thereby increased the cell viability.

Liver Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Protective Role of Artemisia Turanica.

ObjectivesOxidative stress plays a central role in diabetes-induced complications. In the present study, the protevtive effect of Artemisia turanica (A. turanica) was evaluated against diabetes-induced liver oxidative stress and dysfunction.MethodsFifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, diabetic, diabetic + metformin, diabetic + A. turanica extract, and diabetic + A. turanica extract + metformin. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single-dose (55 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (ip)) injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Metformin (300 mg/kg) and A. turanica extract (70 mg/kg) were orally administrated three days after STZ injection for four weeks. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were measured in the liver tissue. Serum glucose concentration, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were also determined.ResultsIn the diabetic group, serum glucose concentration, serum AST and ALT activities and liver MDA level were significantly higher while tissue total thiol content as well as catalase and SOD activities were lower, compared to the control group. Serum glucose in diabetic rats treated with metformin + A. turanica extract showed a significant decrease compared with the diabetic group. In all the A. turanica extract and metformin treated groups, serum ALT, tissue MDA level, total thiol content and SOD activity significantly improved compared with the diabetic rats. However, treatment of the diabetic rats only with metformin could not significantly change the activities of catalase and AST compared with the diabetic group.ConclusionThese findings suggested that A. turanica extract had a therapeutic effect on liver dysfuncyion and oxidative stress induced by diabetes, that may be probably due to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects.

Improvement of mitochondrial function by Tapinanthus globifer (A.Rich.) Tiegh. Against hepatotoxic agent in isolated rat's liver mitochondria

Ethnopharmacological relevanceDisturbed mitochondrial function and energy crisis serve as key mechanisms for the development of liver injury. Hence, targeting cellular mitochondria in liver diseases might serve as a therapeutic option. Tapinanthus globifer (A.Rich.) Tiegh. has been used in traditional medicine in the management of liver disease. However, there is no scientific evidence supporting such use. Aim of the studyThe current investigation was designed to evaluate the protective role of Tapinanthus globifer treatment on the liver mitochondrial function after the induction of hepatotoxicity by the hepatotoxic agent Fe2+in vitro. Materials and methodsIn this study, isolated mitochondria from rats’ liver was incubated with Fe2+ (10 μM) for 1 h in the absence or presence of T. globifer (50, 100 and 200 μg/mL) metanolic extract (MVA). Mitochondrial viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), mitochondrial swelling (MPTP)., total thiol content, lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured. HPLC-DAD was used to identify potential phytochemicals in MVA. Results(MVA) was able to improve mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Fe2+, by attenuating MTT reduction, increased ΔΨm and mitochondrial swelling. Reduced total thiol and non-protein thiol contents which were associated with increased lipid peroxidation and ROS generation in Fe2+-treated mitochondria were significantly improved by MVA co-treatment. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin, caffeic acid, rutin, glycoside flavonoid and quercetin in MVA that can be responsible for its beneficial effect. ConclusionMVA phyto-compounds enhance mitochondrial redox signaling and possess mitochondrial function improving potential, thereby, providing scientific basis for its use in traditional medicine.