Lymphocyte Concentrations Research Articles

High-performance surface plasmon resonance fiber sensor based on cylindrical vector modes

Cylindrical vector modes with azimuthal polarization and low transmission loss are proposed for the first time to be utilized in a novel design of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on a circular photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF). A C-PCF with a ring of air holes in the cladding is designed where a gold layer with a thickness of 44 nm is coated on the outer cladding surface. The optimal geometric parameters are determined using the finite-element method (FEM) for a high-quality TE01 mode and high sensitivity of the sensor. The proposed SPR sensor shows high sensitivity for analyte refractive index (RI) ranging from na = 1.29 to 1.34 over the wavelength range of 1400–2000 nm. It is expected that the proposed sensor can sense low concentrations of hemoglobin, lymphocytes and monocytes of red and white blood cells which are effective in diagnosing the progress of cancer tumors. The maximum sensitivity of 13,800 nm/RIU is obtained in the refractive index environment of 1.33–1.34. The sensor resolution is of the order of 10−6 and the amplitude sensitivity reaches its maximum of 2380 RIU−1 at na = 1.30 which is the highest value ever reported. Our proposed sensor shows high sensitivity and simultaneously simple design with high performance.

The influence of the Epstein-Barr virus on paraclinical indicators and cytokine levels in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis

The aim. To identify the influence of the latent form of Epstein-Barr virus infection on the clinical picture, parameters of clinical blood analysis and cytokine response of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis.
 Materials and methods. 56 children were examined. Of them, 33 children (group 1) had no background infection with herpesviruses, and 23 patients (group 2) suffered from rotavirus gastroenteritis against the background of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The patients were comparable in terms of sex, age and disease severity. Differences at p <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
 Results. The analysis of the obtained data showed that the latent form of EBV infection affects the clinical picture, indicators of clinical blood analysis and the reaction of serum cytokines of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis.
 Сonclusions. A comparative analysis revealed that a latent form of herpesvirus infection in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis is associated with lower temperature reaction and a lower frequency of vomiting in the acute period of the disease against the background of longer persistence of fever, diarrhoea and catarrhal syndromes. On the part of the investigated laboratory indicators, the presence of EBV infection is characterized by a lower level of haemoglobin (р = 0,013) against a higher content of neutrophils (p = 0.002), eosinophils (p = 0.033) and monocytes (p < 0.001) in the acute period of RVI, and a significantly higher content of eosinophils (p = 0.001) and monocytes (p < 0.001) against the background of a lower level of the relative content of lymphocytes compared to patients of Group 1 in the period of early convalescence. Changes in the cytokine response in children with mixed infection are characterized by a significantly lower concentration of IL-1β at the onset of RVI and a higher content of IL-4 and TNF-α throughout the disease compared to children with mono-RVI

Effects of fermented soybean meal supplementation on the growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility by modulating the gut microbiome of weaned piglets

This study investigates the effects of soybean meal fermented by Enterococcus faecium as a replacement for soybean meal on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility, blood profile and gut microbiota of weaned pigs. Eighty piglets (weaned at 21 days) [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with average body weight of 6.52 ± 0.59 kg) were selected and assigned to 4 treatments/4 replicate pens (3 barrows and 2 gilts). The four diets (SBM, 3, 6 and 9% FSBM) were formulated using fermented soybean meal to replace 0, 3, 6 and 9% of soybean meal, respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days phase 1, 2 and 3. Result showed that supplemental FSBM increased (P < 0.05) the body weight gain (BWG) of piglets at day 7, 21 and 42 and ADG at days 1–7, 8–21, 22–42 and 1–42, and ADFI at days 8–21, 22–42 and 1–42 and G: F at days 1–7, 8–21 and 1–42, and crude protein, dry matter, and gross energy digestibility at day 42, and lowered (P < 0.05) diarrhea at days 1–21 and 22–42. The concentration of glucose levels, WBC, RBC, and lymphocytes were increased while, concentration of BUN level in the serum was lowered in the FSBM treatment compared to the SBM group (P < 0.05). Microbiota sequencing found that FSBM supplementation increased the microbial Shannon, Simpsons and Chao indexs, (P < 0.05) and the abundances of the phylum Firmicutes, and genera prevotella, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae and Lachnoclostridium (P < 0.05), lower in the abundances of the phylum bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, genera Escherichia-Shigella, Clostridium sensu stricto1, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides (P < 0.05). Overall, FSBM replacing SBM improved the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility, and blood profiles; perhaps via altering the faecal microbiota and its metabolites in weaned pigs. The present study provides theoretical support for applying FSBM at 6–9% to promote immune characteristics and regulate intestinal health in weaning piglets.

L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-Carboxylate, a Cysteine Precursor, Stimulates Growth and Normalizes Tissue Glutathione Concentrations in Rats Fed a Sulfur Amino Acid-Deficient Diet

The efficiency of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, a cysteine precursor, in stimulating glutathione synthesis and growth was evaluated in growing rats. Animals were fed a sulfur amino acid-deficient diet (0.25% L-methionine and no cysteine) supplemented with L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (0.35%) for 3 wk and compared with age-matched animals receiving the sulfur amino acid-deficient diet alone. Rats fed the sulfur amino acid-deficient diet had lower glutathione concentrations in bronchoalveolar lining fluid, lung, lymphocytes, and liver than rats fed a sulfur amino acid-deficient diet supplemented with L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate. Rats fed the supplemented diet had normal tissue and bronchoalveolar lining fluid glutathione levels. Central venous plasma glutathione concentrations, mostly reflecting liver excretion, were less affected by L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate supplementation. Rats fed L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate supplementation had normal weight gain compared with a much lower weight gain in animals fed the sulfur amino acid-deficient diet alone. Thus, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate increased tissue glutathione concentrations and stimulated growth in rats. The lung glutathione status of the rats was reflected by glutathione concentrations in lymphocytes and the bronchoalveolar lining fluid, but not by the central venous plasma glutathione concentrations.

SPORTIVE STRESS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE IMMUNE STATE OF ATHLETES DEALING WITH FREESTYLE WRESTLING

The article is dedicated to the study of the effect of physical loads on the maintenance and functional activity of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood system of freestyle wrestlers in the dynamics of the training macrocycle. Because of the impact from physical loads, a decrease occurs in the content of lymphocytes and their functional activity is reduced. Those changes depend on the intensity of physical loads; they become maximal at the end of the competition period and minimal in the transition period. It may be assumed that the immune system plays a significant role in the adaptation of the body to significant physical loads. The results of the conducted study show that the characteristics of cellular immunity are formed in wrestlers already at an early stage of sports training. It happens partly because of the presence of static pathology, associated with the reaction to physical loads within the framework of the training process. An enhanced immunological examination of wrestlers with an assessment of the mitochondrial activity of the lymphocyte population enables us to evaluate the individual threshold level of physical loads, the excess of which leads to a disturbance of the immune metabolism. Therefore, the inclusion of an additional transitional period in the training macrocycle helps to a more complete recovery of the studied indicators.

The Ratio of Leukocytes in Peripheral Blood and Immunocompetent Organs of Chars of the Genus Salvelinus (Salmonidae) in the Lake Kronotskoe Basin

The cellular composition of leukocytes in the peripheral blood, head kidney and spleen was studied in individuals of three species of chars of the genus Salvelinus, white char S. albus, long–headed char S. kronocius and long-nosed char S. schmidti, as well as two forms, small-mouth and large-mouth chars living in Lake Kronotskoe. In the studied individuals, the proportion of lymphocytes of leukocytes in the peripheral blood was significant. The forms (species) of chars differed in the proportion of cell types, the size of leukocytes, as well as the intensity of leukopoiesis. The most significant differences in the proportion of different forms of leukocytes were found in the large-mouth char compared to other species and small–mouth char: high content of lymphocytes in blood smears, low content of monocytes in all tissues and organs, blast forms in the blood and neutrophils in the pronephros.

Effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the growth performance, blood profiles, immune response, pork quality, pork flavor, and economic benefit in growing and finishing pigs.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the growth performance, blood profiles, immune response, pork quality, pork flavor, and economic benefit in growing and finishing pigs. A total of 140 growing pigs ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) were assigned to five treatments considering sex and initial body weight (BW) in 4 replications with 7 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with or without 0.05% or 0.1% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E. The pigs were fed the diets for 12 weeks (phase I, 0 to 3; phase II, 3 to 6; phase III, 6 to 9; phase IV, 9 to 12). The BW and feed intake were measured at the end of each phase. Blood samples were collected at the end of each phase. Four pigs from each treatment were selected and slaughtered for meat quality. Economic benefit was calculated considering the total feed intake and feed price. Pork flavor was analyzed through inosine monophosphate analysis. The average daily gain and feed efficiency were improved compared to the control when β-glucan or vitamin E was added. Supplementing 0.05% β-glucan significantly increased the lymphocyte concentration compared to the addition of 0.1% β-glucan and the content of vitamin E in the blood increased when 0.02% vitamin E was added. The treatment with 0.1% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E showed the most economic effect because it had the shortest days to market weight and the lowest total feed cost. The addition of β-glucan or vitamin E had a positive role in improving the flavor of pork when considering that the content of inosine monophosphate was increased. However, carcass traits and meat quality were not affected by β-glucan or vitamin E. The addition of 0.1% β-glucan with 0.02% vitamin E in growing and finishing pig diets showed great growth performance and economic effects by supplying vitamin E efficiently and by improving the health condition of pigs due to β-glucan.

The FOXP3-924 A/G Single Nucleotide Polymorphism May Be Associated with Predictive Factors for Human T Lymphotropic Virus 1 Associated Myelopathy.

Human T lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus associated with inflammatory diseases, including HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), and host genetic factors may be involved in disease evolution. The forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) transcription factor is linked to homeostasis of the immune system, and the presence of polymorphisms in the promoter region of the FOXP3 gene should reflect its expression levels and consequent activation of regulatory T cells, which may contribute to severe inflammatory disorders, such as HAM. This study evaluated the rs2232365 polymorphism (-924 A/G) located in the promoter region of the FOXP3 gene and its association with HAM. Forty DNA samples from asymptomatic carriers and 25 samples from HAM patients were used, in addition to 130 control samples. The polymorphism was genotyped by conducting real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (quantitative PCR [qPCR]) on extracted DNA. The proviral loads (PVLs) and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts were determined by qPCR and FACSCalibur flow cytometry, respectively. The PVLs, CD4+ T lymphocyte concentrations, and tumor necrosis factor-α dosages were considered predictive factors of the clinical profiles of HTLV-1 infection, all of which had higher levels in the HAM group. Carriers of the GG genotype for the polymorphism rs2232365 had high PVLs and CD4+ T lymphocyte concentrations.

Clinical-Immunological Correlates in Post-COVID-19 Endogenous Psychoses.

Objectives. To carry out a clinical and immunological study of the potential impact of coronavirus infection on the course of endogenous psychoses. Materials and methods. A total of 33 female patients aged 16-48 years with depressive-delusional states (F20.01, F21, F31) developing after coronavirus infections took part; group 1 consisted of 15 people who developed depressive-delusional states 1-2 months after COVID-19; group 2 consisted of 18 people with similar psychoses developing at later time points (2-6 months). The severity of psychopathological symptoms was assessed using the PANSS and HDRS-21 scales. The activity of inflammatory markers leukocyte elastase (LE) and α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) was determined in patients' blood. Absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte contents and their ratio (the neutrophil:lymphocyte index) were also evaluated. Standard values for indicators from healthy donors corresponding to patients in terms of age and sex were used as control values. Results. Endogenous psychosis developing at longer intervals after coronavirus infection (group 2) was found to be associated with "typical" inflammatory reactions, with increases in the activity of acute-phase proteins (α1-PI: 43.0 (35.6-49.7) IU/ml, p = 0.001) and neutrophil degranulation activity (LE - 254.8 (238.0-271.0) nmol/min·ml, p < 0.001), which was associated with the development of depressive-delusional states with dominance of manifestations of positive affectivity (anxiety, melancholy) and the extended nature of delusional disorders, which were mostly incongruent to affect. Conversely, development of endogenous psychosis during the first two months after COVID-19 (group 1) was characterized by a spectrum of inflammatory biomarkers with a decrease in neutrophil count ((2.6 ± 0.9)·109/liter, p < 0.05) and low LE activity (196 (172-209.4) nmol/min·ml, p < 0.001). This immunological profile was associated with predominance of manifestations of negative affectivity (apathy, asthenia, adynamia) in the structure of depressive-delusional states and the relatively undeveloped nature of delusional disorders, which were predominantly congruent to affect. Conclusions. The clinical and biological correlates found here presumptively indicate that experience of COVID-19 infection has a modulatory effect on neuroinflammation and the structure of endogenous psychosis.

Comparative morphometric analysis of contents mononuclear cells in unstable and in stable atherosclerotic lesions

BACKGROUND: Recent research results indicate that inflammatory cellular responses can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in humans and experimental animals, with a predominance in infiltrates of lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages that contribute to destructive processes in the vascular wall. However, no comparative, differentiated morphometric analysis of the content of mononuclear cells in unstable and stable atherosclerotic lesions has been carried out so far.&#x0D; AIM: Carrying out comparative histological and morphometric examination of quantitative content of lymphocytes and macrophages in normal vascular wall, in lipid stain, in unstable and in stable atherosclerotic lesions.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study material was samples taken during 15 autopsies aged 56 to 71 years who died from acute cardiovascular failure of atherosclerotic etiology. A comparative histological and morphometric study of the content of mononuclear cells: lymphocytes and macrophages in normal areas of the vascular wall, in lipid stains, in unstable and stable atherosclerotic lesions was carried out a total of 50 tissue samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin.&#x0D; RESULTS: A sharp increase in the content of studied cells in intima, atheromatous nucleus and adventition in unstable atherosclerotic plaques was revealed. In normal areas of the vascular wall, in initial atherosclerotic lesions and in stable plaques, the number of macrophages and lymphocytes is small.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: In general, the results obtained are well consistent with the literature and suggest in favor of the need for lymphocytes and macrophages to form immuno-inflammatory reactions in the formation of unstable atherosclerotic lesions in humans.

The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the state of cellular immunity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with and without relapse

The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative study of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the state of cellular immunity, free radical oxidation reactions and antioxidant protection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with and without relapse. Material and methods. The study was carried out on two groups of patients: the first group basic which included 39 patients with relapsed pulmonary tuberculosis (TBR); 2nd control group 39 patients with non-relapsed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2 IL-6), CD-3 lymphocyte content, lymphocyte blast transformation response to phytohemagglutinin and tuberculin, NBT-test, AOPP, SOD, and catalase were determined in patients of both groups and healthy people. Results. In patients with tuberculosis with relapses, compared with patients without relapses, complaints of cough and dyspnea were more often presented, a longer duration of hospitalization, late abacillation. In patients with relapses, a pronounced suppression of the functional and specific activity of lymphocytes and neutrophils was noted, which is confirmed by high levels of lipid peroxidation (Advanced Oxidation Protein Products AORP) and low levels of the antioxidant system (SOD and catalase). The high content of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with relapses indicates a higher activity of the inflammatory process in these patients and corresponds to a low blast formation rate for both phytohemagglutinin and tuberculin. Conclusion. Сhanges in the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the state of cellular immunity and the characteristics of reactions of free radical oxidation and antioxidant protection indicate a higher activity of the inflammatory process in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with relapses compared to patients without relapses, which led to a longer duration of hospitalization, late abacillation.

BSRWPSO-FKNN: A boosted PSO with fuzzy K-nearest neighbor classifier for predicting atopic dermatitis disease.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic disease with extreme itching that bothers patients. However, diagnosing AD depends on clinicians' subjective judgment, which may be missed or misdiagnosed sometimes. This paper establishes a medical prediction model for the first time on the basis of the enhanced particle swarm optimization (SRWPSO) algorithm and the fuzzy K-nearest neighbor (FKNN), called bSRWPSO-FKNN, which is practiced on a dataset related to patients with AD. In SRWPSO, the Sobol sequence is introduced into particle swarm optimization (PSO) to make the particle distribution of the initial population more uniform, thus improving the population's diversity and traversal. At the same time, this study also adds a random replacement strategy and adaptive weight strategy to the population updating process of PSO to overcome the shortcomings of poor convergence accuracy and easily fall into the local optimum of PSO. In bSRWPSO-FKNN, the core of which is to optimize the classification performance of FKNN through binary SRWPSO. To prove that the study has scientific significance, this paper first successfully demonstrates the core advantages of SRWPSO in well-known algorithms through benchmark function validation experiments. Secondly, this article demonstrates that the bSRWPSO-FKNN has practical medical significance and effectiveness through nine public and medical datasets. The 10 times 10-fold cross-validation experiments demonstrate that bSRWPSO-FKNN can pick up the key features of AD, including the content of lymphocytes (LY), Cat dander, Milk, Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus/Farinae, Ragweed, Cod, and Total IgE. Therefore, the established bSRWPSO-FKNN method practically aids in the diagnosis of AD.

Initial investigation of molecular phenotypes of airway mast cells and cytokine profiles in equine asthma.

Equine asthma is a naturally occurring lung disease characterized by chronic, partially reversible airway obstruction, pulmonary remodeling, and lower airway inflammation. Asthma is currently divided into two major groups, mild to moderate asthma (mEA) and severe asthma (sEA), but further subtyping by phenotype (i.e., clinical presentation) and/or endotype (i.e., cellular mechanisms) may be warranted. For this study, we were interested in further investigation of cellular and inflammatory characteristics of EA, including airway mast cells. The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare mast cell protease mRNA expression between healthy and asthmatic horses, (2) analyze the cytokine profile present in BALF of currently defined equine asthma groups, and (3) use these data to evaluate potential biomarkers of defined asthma groups. We hypothesized that there would be significant differences in the cellular mast cell phenotypes (i.e., mucosal vs. connective tissue) and cytokine profiles in the BALF of asthmatic vs. healthy horses and across asthma groups. We assert these characteristics may inform additional subtypes of equine asthma. Adult horses were recruited from the institution's teaching herd and clinical caseload. Mast cell protease gene expression of the BALF cellular component and multiplex bead immunoassay for cytokine concentrations in the BALF supernatant were investigated. Airway mast cells primarily expressed tryptase, with low levels of chymase. No significant changes in protease expression were detected across groups. Horses with severe asthma had increased TNF-α, CXCL-8, and IFN-γ concentrations in BALF supernatant. Multidimensional analysis demonstrated healthy and mEA horses have overlapping characteristics, with sEA separating from the other groups. This difference was primarily due to BALF neutrophil and lymphocyte concentrations. These study results further inform understanding of EA immunopathology, and future studies designed to investigate asthma phenotypes and endotypes. Ultimately, a better understanding of these groups could help identify novel therapeutic strategies.

Exploration of plasma metabolite levels in healthy nursery pigs in response to environmental enrichment and disease resilience.

The purpose of this study was to explore plasma metabolite levels in young healthy pigs and their potential association with disease resilience and estimate genetic and phenotypic correlation with the change in lymphocyte concentration following disease challenge. Plasma samples were collected from 968 healthy nursery pigs over 15 batches at an average of 28 ± 3.23 d of age. Forty-four metabolites were identified and quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance. Pigs were then introduced into a natural disease challenge barn, and were classified into four groups based on the growth rate of each animal in the grow-to-finish phase (GFGR) and treatment rate (TR): resilient (RES), average (MID), susceptible (SUS), and dead (pigs that died before harvest). Blood samples were collected from all pigs before and 2 wk after disease challenge and complete blood count was determined. Environmental enrichment (inedible point source objects) was provided for half of the pigs in seven batches (N = 205) to evaluate its impact on resilience and metabolite concentrations. Concentration of all metabolites was affected by batch, while entry age affected the concentration of 16 metabolites. The concentration of creatinine was significantly lower for pigs classified as "dead" and "susceptible" when compared to "average" (P < 0.05). Pigs that received enrichment had significantly lower concentrations of six metabolites compared with pigs that did not receive enrichment (P ≤ 0.05). Both, group classification and enrichment affected metabolites that are involved in the same pathways of valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation. Resilient pigs had higher increase in lymphocyte concentration after disease challenge. The concentration of plasma l-α-aminobutyric acid was significantly negatively genetically correlated with the change in lymphocyte concentration following challenge. In conclusion, creatinine concentration in healthy nursery pigs was lower in pigs classified as susceptible or dead after disease challenge, whilst l-α-aminobutyric may be a genetic biomarker of lymphocyte response after pathogen exposure, and both deserve further investigation. Batch, entry age, and environmental enrichment were important factors affecting the concentration of metabolites and should be taken into consideration in future studies.

DETERMINATION OF SOME INDICATORS OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN DOGS WITH DEEP PYODERMIA

The article presents the results of determining of selected indicators of cellular immunity in dogs with deep pyoderma.. As the research results showed, the total content of leukocytes in animals with pyoderma was 11.84 ± 1.06 G/l, which was 1.19x109/l higher than the similar indicator of healthy animals. An increase in the content of leukocytes was caused by neutrophilia. As was established that the absolute neutrophils count in animals with generalized pyoderma significantly exceeded the similar indicator of healthy animals of the control group (&lt; 0.05), at the same time, the content of lymphocytes and eosinophils was higher in animals of the control group and amounted to 2.98 ± 1.16 and 0.64 ± 0.11, respectively. It was also established that in dogs with deep generalized pyoderma, suppression of the activity of a number of key elements of cellular immunity was observed: indicators of phagocytosis, content of blood T-lymphocytes. The number of T-helper cells in dogs of the control group exceeded the similar indicator of animals with pyoderma, while the content of T-suppressors was higher in affected animals, which indicates the development of moderate immunosuppression. The obtained results indicate a necessity for further study of the cellular immunity of dogs with pyoderma in order to develop novel protocols for the treatment of animals with the use of means of immunocorrection.

ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ПРЕПАРАТА ГЕНТАБИФЕРОН-Б НА МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ОРГАНИЗМА МЫШЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРОТИВООПУХОЛЕВОЙ ТЕРАПИИ

The objective of this work was to study the effect of Gentabiferon-B on the morphofunctional state of the organism of mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) under the effect of doxorubicin. We studied the individual and combined effects of drugs on the concentration of tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity, as well as leukocytes and their individual populations in the blood of mice with EAC on day 10 of tumor growth; in addition, the longevity in the animals with a tumor was estimated after the use of doxorubicin and Gentabiferon-B. It was established that the combined use of drugs did not reduce the specific cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin in relation to tumor cells, which was assessed by the concentration of EAC cells in ascite. The number of tumor cells in the animals of this group was by 49.3% lower than the concentration of neoplasm cells in mice with EAC without treatment. In the experiment, an increase by 55.8% in the life expectancy of the animals treated with doxorubicin and Gentabiferon-B was observed relative to mice with a tumor after monotherapy with Gentabiferon-B. Combined drug therapy induced an increase in the concentration of blood lymphocytes by 39.5% relative to the number of these cells in mice with EAC after exposure to doxorubicin alone. The results obtained allows to assume that the efficacy of the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in its combined use with Gentabiferon-B and the immunomodulatory effect of Gentabiferon-B in conditions of tumor progression are preserved.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ COVID-19 С НАЗНАЧЕНИЕМ ПРЕПАРАТА ТОЦИЛИЗУМАБ

Cytokine release syndrome with increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with multiple organ damage and death in severe coronavirus disease. Trials to investigate the efficacy of IL-6 inhibitors, namely Tocilizumab, are ongoing with promising but conflicting results. Objective. to identify the effectiveness of complex therapy for COVID-19 with the appointment of the drug Tocilizumab. Material and methods. In order to identify the effectiveness and criteria for prescribing targeted therapy using Tocilizumab, a statistical analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters was performed in patients with severe and moderate COVID-19, in the group of patients treated with the drug (n=174) and the group of patients receiving standard therapy (without Tocilizumab therapy) (n=70). The comparison groups were similar in terms of gender and age characteristics. The effectiveness of targeted therapy with the use of tocilizumab was assessed in terms of general and biochemical blood tests, levels of procalcitonin, IL-6 and presepsin, and outcomes among patients. Results. The average values of the analyzed values (concentration of leukocytes, neutrophils p / n, AST, CPK-MB, LDH, creatinine, urea, IL-6, P-SEP before therapy were variably higher or lower than normal in patients of both analyzed groups and had statistically significant differences when compared between groups (p&lt;0.05). The concentrations of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, lymphocytes, ALT, albumin, CPK, total protein, CRP, ferritin and PCT did not have statistically significant differences between the groups before the appointment of therapy. All analyzed parameters showed a variable change in the end point of control, depending on the improvement of the patient's condition or death. At the same time, the stabilization of leukocytes, neutrophils p/I, ALT, AST, CPK-MB, creatinine, CPK, ferritin, PCT, IL-6 and P-SEP in the tocilizumab therapy group was noted compared with the baseline and indicators of the comparison group. The expected survival rate for therapy with tocilizumab was 2.5 times higher than for therapy without Tocilizumab. Conclusion. After the use of Tocilizumab in patients of group 1, the level of CRP concentration significantly decreased (by 46.7 mg/l – 63%), ferritin (by 366.9 µg/l – 84%), PCT (by 0.122 ng/ml – 76%), IL-6 (by 51.2 pg/ml – 93%), P-SEP (by 225 pg/ml – 67%), (by 4.1 U/l – 9%), AST (by 34.5 U/l – 56%), CPK (by 121 U/l – 57%).

Role of iron-containing proteins in correction of immunic status of menopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer

It is established that in the main group trekrezan application in addition to basic chemotherapy, caused earlier (for 7-10 days) increase in concentration of LF — from 396.32±24.82 to 4069.32±114.06 ng/ml and F — from 26.2±1.8 ng/ml to 439.47±16.3 ng/ml, in comparison with group of control — 1335.41±39.71 ng/ml and 279.47±14.3 ng/ml, respectively. At the same time, classical clinical effectiveness indicators (concentration of total protein, urea, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes and blood lymphocytes) were normalized in the main group of patients.

Effect of pre-analytical variables on Raman and FTIR spectral content of lymphocytes.

The use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) for the analysis of lymphocytes in clinical applications is increasing in the field of biomedicine. The pre-analytical phase, which is the most vulnerable stage of the testing process, is where most errors and sample variance occur; however, it is unclear how pre-analytical variables affect the FTIR and Raman spectra of lymphocytes. In this study, we evaluated how pre-analytical procedures undertaken before spectroscopic analysis influence the spectral integrity of lymphocytes purified from the peripheral blood of male volunteers (n = 3). Pre-analytical variables investigated were associated with (i) sample preparation, (blood collection systems, anticoagulant, needle gauges), (ii) sample storage (fresh or frozen), and (iii) sample processing (inter-operator variability, time to lymphocyte isolation). Although many of these procedural pre-analytical variables did not alter the spectral signature of the lymphocytes, evidence of spectral effects due to the freeze-thaw cycle, in vitro culture inter-operator variability and the time to lymphocyte isolation was observed. Although FTIR and RS possess clinical potential, their translation into a clinical environment is impeded by a lack of standardisation and harmonisation of protocols related to the preparation, storage, and processing of samples, which hinders uniform, accurate, and reproducible analysis. Therefore, further development of protocols is required to successfully integrate these techniques into current clinical workflows.

Assessment of the phenotypic composition of lymphocytes, immunoglobulins and their relationships in patients with chronic rinosinusitis

The study of the population and subpopulation content of lymphocytes and immunoglobulins and their associations in IgE-mediated CRS relative to other CRS and the control group. 23 patients with IgE-mediated chronic rhinusinusitis and 67 patients with normal IgE blood levels were examined. For analysis, flow cytometry (Cytomics FC500, Beckman Coulter, USA), using monoclonal antibodies CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD19+ and enzyme immunoassay (Thermo Scientific Multiskan FC, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), using IgA, IgM, IgE and IgG in serum, statistical processing was performed using Statistica 7.0. In patients with CRS and IgE-mediated CRS, hyperactivation was revealed in both T- and B-cell immunity, manifested by an increase in the level of T-lymphocytes, NK-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes. More pronounced disorders in the immune status are detected in patients with IgE - mediated CRS, there is a more pronounced activation of the T-cell immune link due to an increase in T-helper cells, T-killer/suppressor cells, an imbalance in their number is accompanied by a decrease in their ratio in the immunoregulatory index. Activation of the immune system in patients with CRS is also associated with an increase in the content of mature B-lymphocytes (CD19+), while only in patients with IgE-mediated CRS, hypergammaglobulinemia of classes A and M was detected. Changes in the immune status indicate a violation of immune regulation, confirmed by the revealed correlations between the subpopulations of lymphocytes and immunoglobulins that implement the immune response in this condition. The greatest number of violations in the regulation is associated with mature T-lymphocytes in both CRS and IgE-mediated CRS, while only IgA fully retains its function.