Concentrations Of BAP Research Articles

Evaluation of different growth hormones mediated callus induction and regeneration as well as the effect of colchicines, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and gamma radiation on some traits of Impatiens walleriana

Impatiens is an ornamental member of family Balsaminaceae. This plant mostly propagated by vegetative technique, which generally time wasting process. It is often multiplicities via seed but is barricaded by F1 seed sterility. In vitro culture of Impatiens walleriana has much significant function in fast proliferation with useful features and elicitation of healthful and disease-free plants. This experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of medium and different hormones on in vitro propagation of Impatiens walleriana by using a completely randomized design. MS medium was prepared along with various concentrations of BAP, TDZ and ZEA. Callus was induced and grew well in media supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA + 1 mg/l BAP. In order to indirect propagation, explants were cultured in same media containing BAP, ZEA and TDZ in combination with NAA. These treatments have ability to organogenesis. The results revealed that the control treatment had the lowest effect on traits including shoot percentage, number of shoots, number of leaves, shoot length, fresh and dry weight, and it lead to maximum proliferations in medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA + 1 mg/l BAP. The highest root length and rooting percentage was observed in 0.5 mg/l IBA + 0.5 mg/l BAP. In addition, the effect of mutation agents was studied. Aseptic samples were treated with ?- irradiation, Ethyl Methane Sulfonate and colchicines at growth chamber. Treatments with 30 and 60 grey respectively had the lower survival rate, growth rate and polyploidy while colchicines with 0.1 and 0.2 had the highest rats. Regarding to these, the present technique illustrate an effective system for in vitro reproduction of Impatiens walleriana by hypocotyls cultures. In addition, colchicines proved to be effective in induction of polyploidy in this plantlet.

Balanço hormonal auxina/citocinica para multiplicação in vitro de genótipos de gérbera

Gerbera is used as a cut flower and has gained popularity as ornamental flower and great demand in the world market for ornamental plants. Micropropagation is used to meet the demand for commercial planting material. The objective was to evaluate the BAP and ANA phytoregulators effect gerberas in vitro multiplication. The explants were inoculated in MS culture medium containing different concentrations of BAP (0.0; 2.22; 4.44; 8.88 and 17.76 µmol L-1) and ANA (0.0; 1.34; 2.68 and 5.36 µmol L-1). After eight weeks, the number of shoots formed in each explant and the average length of the shoots were evaluated. Was possible to establish and recommend an ideal concentration of BAP and ANA for each gerbera genotype.

Callus Induction and Phytochemical Constituents of Finger Eggplant (Solanum sp.)

This study examined the efficiency of callus induction on optimum concentrations of NAA (a-naphthaleneacetic acid) and BAP (6-benzyladenine) from culturing stem and leaf explants of finger eggplant (Solanum sp.) and investigated the phytochemical constituents of callus tissue. Seeds were sterilized by using 3 and 5 % Clorox solution, which gave the highest number of survival seeds (100 %) and were grown in vitro plantlets. The highest frequency of callus induction (100.00 ± 0.00 %) was obtained from stems and leaf explants that were excised from in vitro plantlets. The stem explants cultured on MS medium consisted of 1.0 mg/L NAA + 1.0 mg/L BAP, giving the maximum mean callus fresh weight (0.14 ± 0.05 g). Meanwhile, the leaf explants cultured on MS medium consisted of 0.5 mg/L NAA + 2.0 mg/L BAP, generating the maximum mean callus fresh weight (0.48 ± 0.10 g). The highest frequency of callus induction (88.00 ± 1.60 %) was obtained in solidified MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA + 2.0 mg/L BAP, producing the maximum mean fresh weight of callus (1.54 ± 0.27 g) and dry weight (0.90 ± 0.01 g). The results of the Phytochemical screenings of callus and dried leaf extracts indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins.

Plant regulators on the growth, quality and production of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango fruits

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cytokinin (BAP) and gibberellin (GA3) applications on the growth, physicochemical characteristics and production of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango fruits. Mango plants were sprayed with five concentrations (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 mg.L-1) of BAP and GA3 and BAP + GA3 (0, 75 + 75, 150 + 150, 225 + 225 and 300 + 300 mg.L-1) at 15, 30 and 45 days after anthesis (DAA), single applications of GA3 occurred at 60, 70 and 80 DAA. Fruits were evaluated weekly from 52 DAA for weight, diameter and length until harvest and characterized for soluble solids content and acidity. A higher peak of fruit growth occurred between 66 and 73 DAA. Application of 150 + 150 mg.L-1 (BAP + GA3) promoted at the end of the evaluation period higher fruit weight compared to the other treatments and the control. No significant differences were observed in fruit production, but also concentrations of 150 + 150 mg.L-1 BAP + GA3 led to more than 50% of fruits in the marketing standard type 8. Exogenous application of 150 + 150 mg.L-1 (BAP + GA3) at 15, 30 and 45 DAA increased the weight, diameter, length, acidity and the percentage of fruits type 8 of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango, but it did not increase yield.

Persistent and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the north-western coastal marine environment of India

The carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting PAHs were investigated in surface water of the north-western creeks of India. The concentrations of ΣPAHs were found to vary in the range of 114.32-347.04 μg L-1, (mean 224.78 ± 8.85 μg L-1), out of which 49.12% contribution is due to ΣC-PAHs. The assessment of toxicity and biological risk arising due to individual C-PAHs was made by calculating their toxic equivalent quantity. The level of individual C-PAHs was reported exceeding the final chronic values, Canadian water quality guideline values and Netherlands maximum permissible concentration values set for the protection of aquatic life. The mean BaP concentration (10.32 ± 2.75 μg L-1) was above the European Directive 2008/105/EC Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) value; while the sum of BkF + BbF (26.76 μg L-1) and BghiP + InP (19.59 μg L-1) were significantly higher than that set by the EQS. The results of the present study will help in understanding the global distribution and fate of PAHs which is required for implementing the necessary steps towards mitigation of the ecotoxicological risk arising due to the existence of such contaminants in the aquatic environment across the world.

High Efficiency In vitro Regeneration and Genetic Stability of Corallocarpus epigaeus - An Endangered Medicinal Plant

Indirect regeneration of plantlets from multiple shoot induction of Corallocarpus epigaeus was obtained from leaf and nodal explants on MS with different concentrations of BAP in combination with IAA/IBA or IBA alone. Among all the combinations, BAP and IBA exhibited maximum regeneration. High frequency of multiple shoots (89%) was obtained on BAP (2.0 mg/l) and IBA (1.5 mg/l) in nodal explants. Maximum mean shoot length of 6.8 ± 0.33 cm was obtained in nodal explants cultured on BAP (1.0 mg/l) + IBA (0.5 mg/l), followed by leaf explants with 6.7 ± 0.47 cm on BAP (3.0 mg/l) + IAA (2.5 mg/l). The highest frequency of rooting (88.3%) was obtained on NAA (1.0 mg/l) and IBA (2.0 mg/l) with 21.83 ± 0.57 mean number of roots. The well-rooted healthy plantlets were acclimatized with a survival rate of 80%. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis revealed the genetic similarity of in vitro raised plants with the mother plant.
 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(2): 219-229, 2020 (December)

Plant Regeneration from Protocorm Like Body (PLB) derived Callus of Dendrobium barbatulum Lindl.

In vitro regenerative potential of protocorm like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium barbatulum were assessed. The formation of secondary PLBs from the primary PLBs that formed from the callus, it is derived from a few larger injured protocorm like bodies. The injured larger PLBs were cultured on half strength MS supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0.32, 1.62, 3.23 and 16.15 μM), Zn (0.46, 2.28, 4.56 and 22.80 μM) and Kn (0.47, 2.33, 4.65 and 23.25 μM). The highest percentage of secondary PLBs (66.33%) were obtained on half strength MS medium supplemented with BAP 3.23 μM, after 5 weeks of culture. Then these clumps of PLBs were subcultured on half strength MS fortified with coconut water (CW), cane juice (CJ), peptone (P) and casein hydrolysate (CH) for regeneration. Among the complex organic additives 20% CW and 2.0 g/l P to half strength MS resulted in the development of plantlet 78.31 and 62.60%, respectively. Well developed plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the community pots having brick pieces, charcoal, decaying litter and coconut husk (1 : 1 : 1 : 1) gave maximum survival rate of 87.03%.
 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(2): 243-252, 2020 (December)

Fluoride Removal from Water Using Magnetic Iron Oxide / Aluminium Hydroxide Composite

Ximenia americana L. is among the most important multipurpose medicinal plants.It is highly vulnerable plant in Ethiopia due to overexploitation for different purposes, especially using the roots and barks for medicinal purposes.Seed germination is very poor and identical clones of superior quality plants cannot be obtained in nature as it is dioecious species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop in vitro propagation protocol for X. americana. After seed sterilization and germination, shoot tips from in vitro germinated seeds were cultured on ms (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyl amino purine (bap) or kinetin. For shoot multiplication, the initiated shoots were cultured on ms medium containing different concentrations of kinetin or bap in combination with a-naphthalene acetic acid (naa). Multiplied shoots were cultured on half strength ms medium supplemented with different concentrations of indole butyric acid (iba) or naa for rooting. The highest mean shoot number per explant (4.16 ± 0.17) was obtained on msmedium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l bap. The best rooting was obtained on half strength ms medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l iba with 3.36 ± 0.69 roots per shoot and 2.21 ± 0.40 cm root length on medium containing 2.0 mg/l iba and established in greenhouse with 100% survival. The results of this study are important for mass propagation of superior genotypes, rehabilitation in natural habitat and conservation of this threatened multipurpose plant.

Highly efficient rapid micropropagation and assessment of genetic fidelity of regenerants by ISSR and SCoT markers of Solanum khasianum Clarke

An efficient method of rapid micropropagation of Solanum khasianum Clarke was successfully established from the leaf, petiole, and nodal explants. The morphogenetic response of different concentrations of TDZ and BAP individually or in combination with auxins (IAA/IBA/2,4-D) was tested. Friable callus was obtained on different concentrations of BAP alone or in combination with IAA/IBA/2,4-D. Rapid multiple shoot induction was achieved from friable callus on MS medium supplemented with varying concentrations of TDZ and IBA. The leaf explants exhibited a high frequency of multiple shoots than petiole and nodal explants with an optimal percentage of response (92.73%), mean shoot number (53.5 ± 0.47), and shoot length (11.2 ± 0.53 cm) on MS medium augmented with TDZ (1.5 mg l−1) and IBA (1.5 mg l−1). Maximum rooting efficiency was achieved on MS medium with 1.5 mg l−1 IBA with 12.8 ± 0.36 mean number of roots. The in vitro rooted plants were acclimatized with a survival rate of 80%. The genetic fidelity of the regenerants assayed by the ISSR and the SCoT markers showed no genetic variation. The study examined the micropropagation responses of S. khasianum in the presence of various growth regulators and provided a simple and more suitable protocol adapted for the mass propagation of clones in this species. We have established a highly efficient micropropagation system for large scale production in Solanum khasianum. Evaluation of clonal fidelity by using ISSR and SCoT markers detected no somaclonal variations. The present study helps to the enhancement of potential alkaloids (solasodine) with the help of biotechnological tools.

In vitro spore germination and early gametophyte development of Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. in different media

Abstract. Isnaini Y, Praptosuwiryo TNg. 2020. In vitro spore germination and early gametophyte development of Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. in different media. Biodiversitas 21: 5373-5381. Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. is known as the golden chicken fern and included in Appendix II of CITES. It is an important export commodity for traditional and modern medicine. Globally, populations of this species are under significant pressure due to overexploitation in the wild. In vitro culture is one of the technologies used for ex-situ propagation and conservation of rare and endangered ferns and lycophytes. This study’s objectives were: (i) to observe in vitro spore germination and early gametophyte development of C. barometz, and (ii) to determine the best culture medium for rapid spore germination and early development of the gametophytes. The sterilized spores were sown in half-strength Murashige & Skoog (½MS) basal medium supplemented with combinations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). A factorial combination of four BAP concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 6 mg L-1) with four concentrations of NAA (0; 0.01; 0.03 and 0.05 mg L-1) created 16 treatments replicated in a Completely Randomized Design. Spore germination of C. barometz was observed to be Vittaria-type, and its prothallial development was Drynaria-type. Spore germination started 7-14 days after sowing. Young heart-shape gametophytes consisting of 110-240 cells were formed in 45-61 days after sowing. The two best spore culture media for rapid spore germination and development of C. barometz gametophytes were ½ MS with or without 2 mg L-1 BAP.

A Protocol for Rapid Clonal Propagation and Microrhizome Production of Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae): A Critically Endangerd Medicinal Plant of North East India

Background: Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) is a rare, critically endangered medicinal plant of Northeast India. The rhizome of the plant is famous for its significant medicinal properties. Methods: Various concentrations of plant growth regulators in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were tried in the study using rhizome bud as explant for development of an efficient cost effective protocol for in vitro mass multiplication and microrhizome induction of Curcuma caesia. Result: Shoot multiplication and plant generation was achieved from freshly sprouted shoots of Curcuma caesia on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with different phytohormones. The best response for shoot multiplication (23.80±0.51shoots/explant) was obtained within 8 weeks in MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mgl-1) and 2,4-D (0.25 mgl-1). Microrhizomes were induced at the base of the in vitro derived shoots upon transferred to medium containing various combinations and concentrations of sucrose and BAP and grown under varying photoperiod. Half strength of MS basal medium containing BAP (1.0 mg/l) and 9% sucrose was found to be optimum for induction of large sized microrhizome within 45 days of incubation under 16 hrs of photoperiod.

Stimulasi Pertumbuhan Kina Belum Menghasilkan (TBM) dengan Aplikasi Konsentrasi BAP Setelah Fase Pembentukan Batang

Cinchona is plantation commodity that useful as medicine material. Productivity of cinchona is influenced by growth phase on young plant. For increasing the productivy of cinchona should be applied stem shaping and combine with growth regulator. This research aims to get the precise concentration of growth regulator for young cinchona after stem shaping. The experiment was observed at Ciparanje field station of Agriculture Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor. It used randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 replications (3 plants for each plot). The treatments were 6 levels of BAP (0 ppm, 30ppm, 60ppm, 90 ppm, 120ppm and 150 ppm). The result showed that BAP level had significant effect for growing of young cinchona. 30 ppm of BAP influenced branch growth meanwhile 90 ppm and 150 ppm had significant effect on leaves number and stem diameter was influenced by all of BAP concentrations.

MORFOGENESIS EKSPLAN TUNAS EUCALYPTUS PELLITA F. MUELL SECARA IN VITRO PADA MEDIA MURASHIGE AND SKOOG DENGAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH BENZIL AMINO PURIN

Eucalyptus pellita is fast growing species and have many advantages such as: pulp and paper industry raw material, building construction, charcoal, and medicine. The research was carried out to study plant morphogenesis from shoot explant of E. pellita F. Muell by in vitro technique. The experiment was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty of Mulawarman University from March until June, 2016.Single factor experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with 10 replications. The factor was BAP concentrations (B) consisted of 1.00 mg BAP L-1 (b1); 2.00 mg BAP L-1 (b2); 3.00 mg BAP L-1 (b3); and 4,00 mg BAP L-1 (b4). The explants was innoculated on MS medium supplemented with BAP according to the treatments. Data analyzed by analysis of variance (anova) and continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with level 5%. Results of the experiment showed that the BAP concentrations can promote shoot formation of E. pellita. Statistical analysis indicated that the effect of BAP concentrations significantly difference on number of shoots at 8 weeks after innoculation (WAI), shoot length, and number of leaves at 4; 6; and 8 WAI, however it’s no significantly difference on shoot formation time and number of shoots at 4 and 6 WAI. The highest number of shoots, shoot length, and number of leaves achieved by 4,00 mg BAP L-1.

Establishment of a Micropropagation Protocol for Elite Accessions of Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.), a Tropical Hardwood Species

The limited availability of high-quality planting material hinders the popularization of bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.) as a profitable cash crop in Sri Lanka. Five elite bael accessions, namely, Beheth Beli, Paragammana, Mawanella, Rambukkana, and Polonnaruwa-Supun, have been identified and used for mass propagation through budding and grafting. However, this process gets hampered by the limitations in large-scale production of planting material. Micropropagation is an alternative technique to produce clonal plants in large-scale; however, no established protocol is available for the field-grown elite bael accessions in Sri Lanka, and hence, the present study was conducted. The best sterilization method was found to be the washing of explants in a 2.5% fungicide solution for two hours. The full MS and ½MS media provided significantly similar performance in shooting, as indicated by the measured parameters. The twig plants did better than leaf explants concerning shoot extension, in which twig explants yield 1.33 cm taller shoots. The 1 mg/l of BAP concentration generated the highest number of shoots (6.20) and the most extended shoots (3.83 cm). The most successful rooting (60% success) was spotted with full MS, 1 mg/ml NAA, and 3% sugar. As previously reported, the successful micropropagation is possible if the explants are harvested from April to June, immediately after the fruiting season of the plant. The established protocol can mass-produce clonal bael plants from the elite accessions.

Micropropagation of Syzygium densiflorum Wall. ex Wight & arn.: An endemic and endangered semi-evergreen tree species of the Western Ghats, India

Syzygium densiflorum Wall. ex Wight & Arn. is one among the vulnerable tree species growing in the selected forest areas of the Western Ghats, India. The habitat of this tree species is being altered due to overexploitation, pressure from exotic weeds, reproductive inefficiency, microbial infection on the leaves and other problems associated. Although, this species has been included under IUCN redlist as Vulnerable (B1+2C). A study has been attempted to develop a micropropagation protocol for Syzygium densiflorum with Woody plant medium, B5 medium and Murashige skoog medium supplemented by various concentrations (0.5–2.5 mg/l) of BAP, Kn, 2,4-D, IAA and IBA alone and various combinations. The highest number of shoots (7.7 ± 0.08) was obtained from nodal explant on woody plant medium containing 1.5 mg/l BAP with 1.5 mg/l IBA achieved. The highest number of roots (3.83±0.53) and root length (3.4 ± 0.05 cm) were obtained in half strength woody plant medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/1 IBA. The rooted plantlets were successfully hardened in the paper cups containing 1:1 ratio of sand and soil and successfully transferred to field condition. About 58.5% of the saplings were survived in the natural condition.

Genotype-Dependent in Vitro Regeneration Assessment from Decapitated Embryonal Axis and Stem-Node Explants among Selected Pigeonpea Varieties

ABSTRACT: The inherent regeneration ability among selected varieties of pigeonpea using decapitated embryonal axis and stem-node explants in the presence of different growth regulators were assessed for multiple shoot bud induction. Among three different hormones namely BAP, Kinetin and TDZ tested for in vitro regeneration at different concentration for decapitated embryonal axis explants, BAP was found to be comparatively better as evident from number of buds per explants. IPA-242 variety was found to be the best for direct organogenesis resulting in the formation of 10 buds when subjected to MS Medium supplemented with 2.0 mgL-1 of BAP. Under treatment with different concentration of TDZ, Pusa-9 revealed 10 shoot buds with 0.15 mgL-1 of TDZ. The overall response of these varieties at different concentration of kinetin was very poor. With stem-node explants under variable concentration of BAP, IPA-3088 performed best showing 17 buds per explants. Similarly Pusa-9 and IPA 3088 revealed maximum regeneration ability forming 10 and 8 buds under TDZ and kinetin respectively. NAA was found to be effective growth regulator for rooting of shoots regenerated both from decapitated embryonal axis and stem-node explants.

Leaf Characteristics and Grain Yield of Three Aromatic Rice Cultivars as Influenced by 6-Benzylaminopurine

To explore the effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on leaf characteristics and grain yield of aromatic rice the present investigation was carried out. The experimental materials comprising four concentrations of BAP (0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm and 90 ppm) and three aromatic rice cultivars (Chinigura, Kataribhog and Kalijira). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. Statistical analysis indicated that leaf characteristics and grain yield of aromatic rice were significantly influenced by the concentrations of BAP. Leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf dry weight, panicle length, 500-grain weight and grain yield were increased with the increasing concentration of BAP. Among the concentrations, the 90 ppm of BAP performed better regarding the parameters studied. Maximum number of leaf, longest leaf, maximum leaf dry weight, highest length breadth ratio of leaf and maximum 500-grain weight was observed in Kataribhog which was statistically at par with that of Kalijira. Broader leaf was observed in Chinigura, whereas longest panicle and highest grain yield was recorded from Kalijira. Among different treatment combinations the highest grain yield (4.10 t ha-1) was recorded from Kalijira × 90 ppm BAP treatment and the lowest grain yield (3.08 t ha-1) was recorded from Chinigura × control treatment.

The in vitro multiplication of anthurium cv. Eidibel

Anthurium is one of the most marketed species in international floriculture. The availability of sufficient plants of phytosanitary quality is a limiting factor in their commercial cultivation. Micropropagation is the most common technique used in producing plantlets on a large scale. The aim of this study was to determine the most suitable relationship between growth medium, BAP concentration and photoperiod for increasing the in vitro multiplication rate of the ‘Eidibel’ cultivar. A completely randomised design was used in a 2 x 9 x 2 factorial scheme with 20 replications. The treatments comprised combinations of two types of growth medium (MS and Pierik), nine concentrations of BAP (0.0; 1.11; 2.22; 3.33; 4.44; 5.55; 6.66; 7.77 and 8.88 μM), and two photoperiods (12 and 16 h). The number of shoots per explant (NSE) and percentage of explants forming organogenic calli (FOC) and roots (FR) were evaluated after 60 days. The highest values for NSE, 3.66 and 4.69, were obtained in the MS and Pierik growth media, containing 8.88 μM and 4.85 μM BAP respectively. The NSE was higher under the 12-hour regime in the MS medium, and equal under the two photoperiods in the Pierik medium. The lower the BAP concentration, the greater the percentage of root formation and the smaller the percentage of organogenic calli. The Pierik medium is recommended for the production of micropropagated ‘Eidibel’ plantlets, with the addition of 4.85 μM BAP, under a photoperiod of 12 h.

The Direct Organogenesis In Local Clones Of Patchouli Plant( Pogostemon cablin Benth)InVitro

Background and Objective: The purpose of this research is to get to be able to identify local patchouli plants that are able to produce the best plantlets in many concentrations of BAP. Materials and Methods: The research conducted in Laboratory of Tissue Culture Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University from May until November 2019. The research material used in this study was the accession of patchouli plants in West Sumatra, namely: Situak and method of research is completely randomized design.Results: Concentrations of 0.5 ppm kinetin + 0.5 ppm BAP, 0.5 ppm kinetin + 1 ppm BAP and 1 ppm kinetin + 1 ppm BAP can stimulate organogenesis (bud) in vitro

In vitro propagation and biosynthesis of Sceletium-type alkaloids in Narcissus pallidulus andNarcissus cv. Hawera

In vitro cultures from Narcissus pallidulus and Narcissus cv. Hawera were initiated on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and NAA. High multiplication rates were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 6 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA. Callus was induced on MS medium supplemented with 6 mg/L BAP and 2 mg/L NAA. Cultivation of the in vitro cultures on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA or with 1 g/L charcoal resulted in bulb growth. Well-developed bulbs with roots were successfully acclimatized. GC–MS analyses of the alkaloid patterns revealed that Narcissus cv. Hawera biosynthesizes Sceletium-type and Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, while Narcissus pallidulus accumulates only Sceletium-type compounds. The dominant compound in their alkaloid mixtures is mesembrenone which possesses potent antidepressant and antianxiety activities. The easy multiplication of these plants provides excellent possibilities for further studies on mesembrenone biosynthesis and development of technologies for its production, both in vitro and in vivo.