Callus Induction and Phytochemical Constituents of Finger Eggplant (Solanum sp.)

Abstract

This study examined the efficiency of callus induction on optimum concentrations of NAA (a-naphthaleneacetic acid) and BAP (6-benzyladenine) from culturing stem and leaf explants of finger eggplant (Solanum sp.) and investigated the phytochemical constituents of callus tissue. Seeds were sterilized by using 3 and 5 % Clorox solution, which gave the highest number of survival seeds (100 %) and were grown in vitro plantlets. The highest frequency of callus induction (100.00 ± 0.00 %) was obtained from stems and leaf explants that were excised from in vitro plantlets. The stem explants cultured on MS medium consisted of 1.0 mg/L NAA + 1.0 mg/L BAP, giving the maximum mean callus fresh weight (0.14 ± 0.05 g). Meanwhile, the leaf explants cultured on MS medium consisted of 0.5 mg/L NAA + 2.0 mg/L BAP, generating the maximum mean callus fresh weight (0.48 ± 0.10 g). The highest frequency of callus induction (88.00 ± 1.60 %) was obtained in solidified MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA + 2.0 mg/L BAP, producing the maximum mean fresh weight of callus (1.54 ± 0.27 g) and dry weight (0.90 ± 0.01 g). The results of the Phytochemical screenings of callus and dried leaf extracts indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins.