Efficient Callus Induction and Regeneration in Selected Indica Rice

Suraiya Binte Mostafiz,Alina Wagiran

doi:10.3390/agronomy8050077

Suraiya Binte Mostafiz, Alina Wagiran

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8050077

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Journal: Agronomy	Publication Date: May 21, 2018
Citations: 51	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Technology Malaysia

Abstract

An efficient callus induction and in vitro regeneration were developed using plant growth regulators, carbon sources, and basal media for three selected Malaysian wetland rice varieties (MR220, MR220-CL2, and MR232) and one upland variety (Bario). Effect of plant growth regulator (PGR) was carried out using four different concentrations (1–4 mg/L) of 2,4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), and NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg/L) with optimized 2,4-D. Effects of carbon sources (maltose and sorbitol), and basal media (MS, N6, and LS) were also studied with optimized PGR to maximize the induction of regenerable calli. This study found that all four varieties exhibited high frequency of callus induction on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium that was supplemented with 3 mg/L 2,4-D and 30 g/L maltose. Callus induction frequencies in the cases of MR220, MR220-CL2, MR232, and Bario were found to be 76%, 94%, 85%, and 42% respectively. Morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histological analysis revealed the embryogenicity of the induced callus. In the regeneration study, it was observed that combination of 2 mg/L BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 2 mg/L Kin (Kinetin) and 0.5 mg/L NAA supplemented MS medium has the potential to promote regeneration of selected indica rice varieties with higher regeneration percentage, i.e., 82% (MR220-CL2), 68% (both in MR220 and MR232), and 40% (Bario). The optimized conditions for callus formation and regeneration can be useful for biotechnological practices for the genetic improvement of Malaysian indica rice.

Highlights

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second most widely cultivated crop in the world [1]
High percentage of re-generable embryogenic calli is a prerequisite for genetic manipulation towards varietal improvement [55]
In vitro callus induction was studied on four selected indica rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Summary

Introduction

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second most widely cultivated crop in the world [1]. The major subspecies of rice are indica and japonica, while indica subspecies is the most widely cultivated crop in south and southeast Asian countries [2,3]. Highlighted that local rice production should be increased to ensure the country’s demand for the growing population. Malaysia sets to achieve food security up to 80% by 2020, which increases the food demand. Malaysian rice is grown both in wetland and upland areas of the country. The yield of wetland rice is comparatively higher than upland rice, upland rice is advantageous due to its low cost of production and low irrigation requirements [11]

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