Compulsory Secondary Education Research Articles

Bullying and Self-Concept, Factors Affecting the Mental Health of School Adolescents.

Bullying is an aggressive and repetitive behavior, where one person or several people physically, socially, or emotionally harm a vulnerable person and provokean imbalance of power in a school setting. Several factors such as age, sex, school performance, psychological factors, and ethnicity have been associated with bullying and more are being sought. Thus, the objectives of this study were as follows: (1) analyze the differences in bullying (victimization and aggression) and self-concept (academic, social, emotional, family, and physical) with respect to sex, school location, and educational level among Spanish adolescents; (2) explore the associations of bullying and self-concept with these sociodemographic dimensions. A cross-sectional study was designed with a total of 1155 participants (between 12 and 18 years old); there were 48.8% boys and 51.2% girls, where 75.9% studied compulsory secondary education (CSE) and 24.1% Baccalaureate, and 31.9% were students from rural schools and 68.1% were from urban schools. Medium and inverse correlations were shown between victimization and self-concept at the general level, for both sexes, both types of school, and both educational stages. For the aggression dimension, the correlations with self-concept were inverse at the general level (low), in girls (low), in rural students (medium), and in compulsory secondary education students (medium). For academic self-concept and family self-concept, the associations were medium and inverse with bullying in all variables. For emotional self-concept the correlation with bullying was direct and medium in all variables; in physical self-concept, the correlations with bullying were inverse in almost all variables except in boys. Self-concept may be a protective factor for bullying and interventions should aim at adolescents building a positive multidimensional self-concept that prevents and protects them from bullying either as aggressor or victim.

Grau de aceitação dos sistemas de avaliação digital adaptados à utilização de recursos tecnológicos educativos baseados na Realidade Aumentada.

The use of immersive technologies, especially Augmented Reality (AR), is presently one of the main technological trends in the field of education. Some studies carried out in recent years in this field highlight that traditional evaluation systems continue to be used and raise the possibility of using adapted evaluation systems. This research, based on primary sources of information, seeks empirical evidence regarding the need to use digital evaluation systems adapted to technological resources in Science subjects and in stages of Compulsory Secondary Education. The methodology used is quantitative research based on the design and statistical analysis of the responses given by students to a questionnaire created ad hoc, administered to assess an AR educational resource used in class to explain a key concept in connection with the subject. The results obtained through the exploratory factorial analysis of the students’ answers reveal, as a latent construct, a high level of acceptance of the digital evaluation system used. The analysis of the data obtained in this study allows us to establish the hypothesis that a digital evaluation system adapted to the use of an immersive AR technological resource can generate a positive impact on the students' learning process.

Sustainable Development Goals and Climate Change in Spanish Technology Disciplines’ Curricula: From LOMCE to LOMLOE

Understanding the prevalence of climate change and sustainable development in the new curriculum of compulsory secondary education (ESO) and the baccalaureate is crucial for educational communities in Spain. However, there was a lack of studies that examined the integration of climate change and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as cross-cutting themes in the new education framework, particularly in the technology disciplines. This study aimed to address this gap by conducting a comparative analysis of the new legislative content (LOMLOE) and the previous legislation (LOMCE). The analysis quantified the presence of keywords related to climate change and sustainable development in both legal texts, focusing on the definition of objectives, level skills, evaluation criteria, and blocks of knowledge. Additionally, the study assessed the inclusion of SDGs and the ethical implications associated with the use and production of technologies at both education levels. The analysis of the curriculum content revealed a significant presence of references to climate change, sustainable development, and SDGs throughout the LOMLOE curriculum, particularly in the baccalaureate. Notably, education’s role in addressing climate change and promoting sustainable development was explicitly recognized as an objective at this level. Regarding technology disciplines, LOMLOE placed considerable emphasis on fostering awareness of the environmental impact of technological development by introducing a new cross-level knowledge block named “Sustainable Technology”, spanning from ESO to the final courses of baccalaureate. This integration was further reinforced by evaluation criteria and specific skills that strongly aligned with sustainability principles, encouraging assessments centred around environmental awareness, ethical responsibilities, and sustainable entrepreneurship. Further studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating SDGs and climate change into technology disciplines following the implementation of LOMLOE, with the aim of identifying best practices for effectively combatting climate change and promoting sustainability in technology education.

Digital reality in Compulsary Secondary Education: uses, purposes and profiles in social networks

ABSTRACT Daily lives of adolescents have changed significantly with the incorporation of social networks. Therefore, this quantitative study aims to analyze which social networks they use, to find out the predominant type of use they make of them and to explore their connectivity profile. To carry out the study, a sample of 850 Spanish students in Compulsory Secondary Education was analyzed. The results show that adolescents spend an excessive number of hours on social networks, with little parental supervision. They mainly use WhatsApp, Instagram and YouTube for social purposes. It is concluded that adolescents in Compulsory Secondary Education, outside school hours, and with their smartphones, spend a large part of their day on social networks, suppressing other kind of activity.

Learning environments in compulsory secondary education (ESO): validation of the physical, learning, teaching and motivational scales

We present the validation of a questionnaire for compulsory secondary school students (seventh to tenth grade), designated “Educational learning environments for ESO pupils” (CEApA_ESO), for the purpose of evaluating learning environments. Although many instruments have been developed in this area, our work attempts to comprehensively cover some factors that most influence learning environments from the students’ perspective. Therefore, we included physical, learning, teaching and motivational elements, by adapting different already-validated scales to our intended overall approach and the Spanish context. We conducted a pilot study with 207 students from four grades (two classes per educational level). We performed descriptive and factor analyses with maximum likelihood extraction method and varimax rotation to identify factors underlying each scale. The factors extracted from each scale were used to evaluate the fit of the model, using the AMOS v.18 software for structural equation analysis, taking as reference the criteria set by Byrne (Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming, Taylor & Francis Group, 2010) and Kline (Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, The Guilford Press, 2010) (CMIN/DF between 2 and 5, CFI and IFI > 0.9, RMSEA < 0.06 and HOELTER > 200). Finally, we present the factorial validity of the complete scale and analyse the internal consistency of the scale and its subscales using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. This instrument, with adequate psychometric properties, offers educators and researchers a valid tool for assessing the learning environments of their schools.

Academic Second-Chance Education: Correction or Consolidation of Early Selection?

This article develops a theoretical approach by arguing that success in academic secondchance education leading to the eligibility to study is (besides academic achievement) influenced by normative orientations relevant to success acquired during compulsory secondary education. More precisely, we argue that in the highly stratified German school system at secondary level I (years 5 to 10), school-type specific socialization contexts lead to the development of school-type specific normative orientations relevant to success. This contributes to creating unequal starting points for academic second-chance education. Based on this assumption, we develop a theoretical grid using the contrastive analysis of ten interviews with students in their first semester of second-chance education. The results show that existing normative orientations are only partially related to the school type that was previously attended. This raises questions concerning the extent to which there is a normative school socialization effect. However, this study is a first step in using a classic approach of the sociology of education to empirically explore the effects of stratification, which has not been done before.

Flipped Learning in the subject «Music» of E.S.O. [Compulsory Secondary Education] within a rural environment: Impact on students and families

This study has as its purpose to ascertain and analyze the impact caused by the implementation of the Flipped Learning model on the students enrolled in the subject «music» of Spain’s public Compulsory Secondary Education, as well as on their families, within a rural environment. A total of 25 female and male students and 13 relatives took part in the study. A methodology based on a mixed descriptive approach including the design of a collective case study was used. Data collection took place through the utilization of tools such as a questionnaire of a quantitative and qualitative nature administered after the experience and the establishment of discussion groups. The results show that both the students and their families have a favorable opinion about using the Flipped Learning model in the music classroom on a daily basis. They find no significant barriers or drawbacks beyond families’ concern about potential technology-related problems derived from the economic investment required and an overexposure to screens. The conclusions drawn point at the relevance of integrating active methodologies, among them Flipped Learning, into music teaching.

A Reference Epistemological Model Regarding the Determination and Construction of Solids for Compulsory Secondary Education

A Reference Epistemological Model Regarding the Determination and Construction of Solids for Compulsory Secondary Education

Motivation to learn science, emotions in science classes, and engagement towards science studies in Chilean and Spanish compulsory secondary education students

AbstractImportant factors in learning science include motivational variables (relevance of science learning for personal goals, self‐efficacy for learning science, and interest in a scientific career), emotional variables (boredom and enjoyment in science classes), and engagement variables (vigor, dedication, and absorption towards science studies). Data from 3034 Chilean and Spanish compulsory secondary education students was used to study the relationships between these variables, by means of a self‐report questionnaire analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The model, tested for goodness of fit, showed that motivational variables predict emotions in science classes and explained 43% of boredom variance and 67% of enjoyment variance. Motivational and emotional variables explained the 73% variance in engagement toward science studies. Also seen is the essential role played by emotions that mediate between motivational variables in science learning and engagement towards science studies. When promoting engagement towards science studies, these results can be used to increase relevance of science learning to personal goals, self‐efficacy for learning science, and interest in a scientific career, besides reducing boredom, increasing enjoyment in science classes, and enhancing engagement towards science studies.

Social skills for the educational integration of pre-adolescent and adolescent immigrants

ABSTRACT In this study, the variable ‘age’ was analysed in terms of its influence on the development of social skills among immigrant students enrolled in compulsory secondary education (12 to 18 years old) in the South of Spain. The social skills construct was defined with responses of N = 749 immigrant students using the Social Skill Scale for Young Immigrants (SSSYI). Six dimensions were evaluated: the ability to say ‘no’ and cut off interactions; self-expression in social situations; defending one’s own rights; ability to express anger or disagreement towards others; ability to make requests, and the ability to initiate positive interactions with the opposite sex. The analyses were carried out with the statistical software packages SPSS and STATA. The results showed that the probability of immigrant students to acquire social skills increased with age.

Identification, Witnessing and Reaction to School Bullying Behaviour in Secondary Education

This study, carried out with 10,795 Compulsory Secondary Education students (Asturias, Spain), seeks to determine what behaviours are considered school bullying, to what extent they are witnessed, and what the typical reactions to bullying are. To gather the data, a 19-item questionnaire was used, with a high degree of reliability (α = 0.85). Regarding the results, most of the students have a concept of bullying generally related to the use of physical force, although the behaviours witnessed with the greatest frequency are insults, social exclusion, or damaging belongings. As for their reaction, students tend to assume the role of a proactive witness, the tendency being to ask an adult for help. Nevertheless, there are many students whose knowledge and recognition of bullying is scarce, and who, by choice, limit themselves to observing. The results are useful for designing educational actions aimed at the intervention and prevention of school bullying.

COVID, physical education and prevention

This paper aims to promote the use of Dialogic Sessions in Physical Education to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in Primary Education and Compulsory Secondary Education by creating healthy habits related to the pandemic. Using Dialogic Sessions in Physical Education encourages discussion, debate, reasoning and decision-making to prevent the spread of the pandemic.

Future Mathematics Teachers’ Perceptions towards Inclusion in Secondary Education: University of Granada

Designing and implementing inclusive practices is considered one of the basic actions for the construction of inclusive education. Actions depend largely on teachers’ attitudes, which can be modified by the training they receive. This study analyzes 73 future mathematics teachers’ perceptions of the diversity training received in the Master in Compulsory Secondary Education and Post-Secondary, Vocational Training and Language Teaching (MAES), as well as their attitudes towards diversity at the University of Granada (Spain). The participants’ ages ranged from 22 to 50 years (M = 27.12, SD = 6.45); 47.9% were cisgender women and 52.1% were cisgender men. This research was a non-experimental, descriptive, and multivariate study, developed under the assumption of the quantitative methodological paradigm. The result revealed that attention to diversity should play an important role in the teachers’ future teaching practice. Nevertheless, they were dissatisfied with the initial training received, considered themselves not qualified enough to face diversity in their classrooms, and they had an ambivalent attitude toward attention to diversity. However, attitudes and educational levels were more favorable in the case of women, older participants, and among those who had had contact with people with SNES. It is concluded that it is appropriate to continue to influence the attitudes in relation to this issue, since pedagogical training on the factors that condition the teaching–learning process in terms of attention to diversity provides greater effectiveness in this field.

Descriptive Study of Attitudes towards Corporal Expression in Physical Education Students in a Region of Spain.

(1) Background: In recent years, there has been increasing interest in understanding the factors that determine students' attitudes and interest in learning. The information that can be extracted from students' attitudes is essential for teachers to plan their classes to capture their attention and promote learning. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether there were significant differences between the genders in the perception of students from Extremadura towards Corporal Expression (CE) in Physical Education (PE) classrooms. (2) Methods: A single-measure descriptive and correlational cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 889 PE students in the Compulsory Secondary Education (CSE) stage from public schools in Extremadura, Spain, participated in the study; the subject had a mean age of 14.58 (SD = 1.47) and a BMI of 20.63 (SD = 3.46). Variables related to gender, age, height, and weight of the participants and a questionnaire on attitudes towards Corporal Expression were included. (3) Conclusions: Girls showed a more positive perception of the CE contents of the PE subject than boys; the latter showed a greater indifference to and a lower preference for these contents compared to other contents of the subject. On a general level, participants valued CE with a certain degree of positivity regarding its formative and educational usefulness and the expression of feelings and emotional self-management, and the pupils agreed with the methods and means used by the teacher to transmit the learning of CE.

Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity, Screen Time and Sleep Time Profiles: A Cluster Analysis in Spanish Adolescents.

The study had two aims: (1) To classify the adolescents according to their levels of moderate-vigorous physical activity, screen time and sleep time, and (2) to analyze, in a descriptive and correlational manner, the profiles of moderate-vigorous physical activity, screen time and sleep time of each cluster according to the sex and grade of the adolescents. The study design was cross-sectional, with descriptive and correlational analysis. The sample consisted of 663 adolescents in Compulsory Secondary Education from Soria (Spain). The Four by One-Day Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep time. The results showed that the young people had an average of 67.99 ± min/day of moderate-vigorous physical activity, 112.56 min/day of screen time and 548.63 min/day of sleep time. Adolescents were classified into three clusters according to their levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep time (FMANOVA (6,1318) = 314.439; p ≤ 0.001; β = 1; f = 1.177). In conclusion, only 28.21% of the young people accomplished the recommendations for physical activity practice, screen time and sleep time. Moreover, these results vary according to the sex and grade of the adolescents.

The Concept of Number Sequence in Graphical Representations for Secondary School Students

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The aim of this work is to characterise the understanding that students in compulsory secondary education (14-16 years old) have of number sequences in graphical representations. The learning of numerical sequences is one of the first mathematical concepts to be developed in an infinite context. This study adopts the focus of semiotic representations as its theoretical framework. The participants consisted of 105 students and a qualitative methodology was used. The data collection instruments were a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The results allowed for three student profiles regarding number sequences in graphical representations to be identified. These profiles may facilitate a possible progression in the learning of number sequences for students in compulsory secondary education to be considered. Therefore, the results presented in this study can provide information about the learning hypotheses of mathematical tasks related to numerical sequences and can help in the design of such tasks.&lt;/p&gt;

Types of Family Leisure Activities in Families With Adolescents

Leisure has been acquiring a leading role in families to the point of being represented in different areas of society. In fact, a diversified practice is necessary to obtain maximum benefit. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine which are the types of family leisure activities most exercised. The degree of frequency of 11 types of family leisure activities was measured on a four-point Likert scale. The same consisted of 1054 Compulsory Secondary Education students from the southeast of Spain. Results revealed that gastronomic, digital, and commercial leisure are the most frequently practiced, while solidarity and spiritual leisure are the least practiced by adolescents with their families. In addition, age, academic performance, and parents' level of studies were variables significantly associated with the types of family leisure activities. In this way, there is a need to offer a more diversified model of family leisure activities.

Predictions and explanations about scientific situations in a high school context

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to assess students’ ability to explain scientific phenomena by means of a POE pedagogical tool. To achieve this aim, we conducted home experiments in a digital environment. In this qualitative and transversal ex-post-facto research, 775 pupils (aged 13–18 years) enrolled in compulsory secondary education from the Canary Islands were recruited. Data were collected using a digital questionnaire (self-designed), which showed acceptable reliability (α = 0.8). According to the results, multimodal POEs with home experiments within multimedia settings were perceived by the pupils to be a useful tool for teaching science on day-to-day. Students also found the POE activities to be motivating and engaging. Lastly, we present the calculation of POE scores and a method for assessing scientific literacy.

Percepción de los adolescentes sobre el consumo de redes sociales

Adolescents participate in social networks on a regular basis as a new space for leisure and entertainment among this group, with little awareness of responsible use. The purpose of this study was to analyse the consumption of digital media and social networks in young people, as well as to assess their influence on the family and socio-educational environment. The research, of a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational nature, was carried out with the participation of 104 students of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) from an educational centre in the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia, by means of the completion of a Likert scale questionnaire. From the results obtained, it is evident that there are significant differences in the use of social networks, according to gender and that there is a evidence of a relationship between their perception of digital competence and participation in social networks; on the other hand, adolescents do not perceive risky behaviour, as well as the possibility of having conflicts in their socio-family environment due to their participation in social networks.

Acercando las voces feministas de Sylvia Plath y Virginia Woolf a la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato

This research shows how the gender perspective can be introduced into Compulsory Secondary Education and Baccalaureate by focusing on the work of two Anglo-Saxon women writers considered to be bastions of feminism: Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) and Sylvia Plath (1932-1963). The research design follows a methodology known as Design-Based Research (de Benito Crosetti y Salinas Ibáñez 2016) which offers as a product a reading guide in the form of a literary constellation (Jover 2009, Garvis 2015) that includes the following selection of English-language adaptations for young people: Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927), A Room of One’s Own (1929), Three Women (1962), The Bell Jar (1963) and Ariel (1965). The value of this research lies in showing the feasibility of bringing Woolf’s and Plath’s literary production closer to young audiences, presenting teaching material in English that is accessible and adapted to their language level. The reading of these works contributes to raising students’ awareness and developing a critical awareness of the gender perspective.