Compressed Pattern Research Articles

Predicting fracture in the proximal humerus using phase field models

Proximal humerus impacted fractures are of clinical concern in the elderly population. Prediction of such fractures by CT-based finite element methods encounters several major obstacles such as heterogeneous mechanical properties and fracture due to compressive strains. We herein propose to investigate a variation of the phase field method (PFM) embedded into the finite cell method (FCM) to simulate impacted humeral fractures in fresh frozen human humeri. The force-strain response, failure loads and the fracture path are compared to experimental observations for validation purposes. The PFM (by means of the regularization parameter ℓ0) is first calibrated by one experiment and thereafter used for the prediction of the mechanical response of two other human fresh frozen humeri. All humeri are fractured at the surgical neck and strains are monitored by Digital Image Correlation (DIC).Experimental strains in the elastic regime are reproduced with good agreement (R2=0.726), similarly to the validated finite element method (Dahan et al., 2022). The failure pattern and fracture evolution at the surgical neck predicted by the PFM mimic extremely well the experimental observations for all three humeri. The maximum relative error in the computed failure loads is 3.8%. To the best of our knowledge this is the first method that can predict well the experimental compressive failure pattern as well as the force-strain relationship in proximal humerus fractures.

Application Of The Phase Doppler Measurement Technique For The Characterization Of Supersonic Gas Atomization

A dual-mode phase Doppler measurement system has been set up for the characterization of the complex spray produced through supersonic gas atomization. The atomizer design has been based on a generic close-coupled configuration operated with water and air, which leads to high local Mach numbers and complex patterns of compression and expansion waves within the gas flow field. As a result, the dense spray is characterized by high particle velocities and a wide range of particle sizes, which proves challenging for experimental investigations. Measurements of local particle size and velocity distributions have been performed in various radial positions within the spray downstream of the atomizer, where the spray is fully developed. The set point of operation, which is defined by the gas stagnation pressure and the liquid mass flow rate, has been varied systematically, covering a wide range. By decoupling both operational parameters, their influence on the atomization result has been investigated independently. Furthermore, the atomizer geometry has been varied in terms of liquid nozzle diameter and liquid nozzle protrusion length. In accordance with data from the literature, the gas stagnation pressure has been observed to lead to decreasing median particle size and dispersion of the particle size, when increased. However, as a novel finding, the atomization result has been shown to be more sensitive to changes in the liquid mass flow rate. Thus, increasing the liquid mass flow rate results in an increase in both the median particle size and the dispersion of the particle size. The relationship between the atomization result and the gas-to-liquid ratio has been clearly shown to be ambiguous, that is, a function of the gas stagnation pressure and the liquid mass flow rate. Neither the liquid nozzle diameter nor the liquid nozzle protrusion length have been found to have an influence on the median particle size. However, the latter clearly influences the dispersion of the particle size in a complicated way, while the effect of the liquid nozzle diameter is more subtle. It has been concluded that the complex coupling between operational parameters and the specific atomizer design evident in supersonic gas atomization requires a deeper understanding of the local gas flow field and its interaction with the liquid flow.

What's New in Orthopaedic Trauma.

What's New in Orthopaedic Trauma.

A Continuous Change Tracker Model for Remote Sensing Time Series Reconstruction

It is hard for current time series reconstruction methods to achieve the balance of high-precision time series reconstruction and explanation of the model mechanism. The goal of this paper is to improve the reconstruction accuracy with a well-explained time series model. Thus, we developed a function-based model, the CCTM (Continuous Change Tracker Model) model, that can achieve high precision in time series reconstruction by tracking the time series variation rate. The goal of this paper is to provide a new solution for high-precision time series reconstruction and related applications. To test the reconstruction effects, the model was applied to four types of datasets: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), gross primary productivity (GPP), leaf area index (LAI), and MODIS surface reflectance (MSR). Several new observations are as follows. First, the CCTM model is well explained and based on the second-order derivative theorem, which divides the yearly time series into four variation types including uniform variations, decelerated variations, accelerated variations, and short-periodical variations, and each variation type is represented by a designed function. Second, the CCTM model provides much better reconstruction results than the Harmonic model on the NDVI, GPP, MSR, and LAI datasets for the seasonal segment reconstruction. The combined use of the Savitzky–Golay filter and the CCTM model is better than the combinations of the Savitzky–Golay filter with other models. Third, the Harmonic model has the best trend-fitting ability on the yearly time series dataset, with the highest R-Square and the lowest RMSE among the four function fitting models. However, with seasonal piecewise fitting, the four models all achieved high accuracy, and the CCTM performs the best. Fourth, the CCTM model should also be applied to time series image compression, two compression patterns with 24 coefficients and 6 coefficients respectively are proposed. The daily MSR dataset can achieve a compression ratio of 15 by using the 6-coefficients method. Finally, the CCTM model also has the potential to be applied to change detection, trend analysis, and phenology and seasonal characteristics extractions.

Establishment and application of Whole Garment Knitted Skirt Template Library combining design and technology

PurposeWhole garment knitwear is one of the knitwear development trends in the foreseeable future for its advantages of environmental friendliness and wearing comfort. However, the development of new styles of the whole garment knitwear requires both fashion design and computer programming, which makes it time-consuming and difficult. In this paper, a whole garment knitted skirt template Library is introduced to solve this problem.Design/methodology/approachThe template library composes of silhouette module, design element module and parts shaping technology module. It was built based on a comprehensive investigation of design and technology. By adhering to the principle of similarity and reusability, the template library of whole garment knitted skirts was established through the innovative design and hierarchical classification of compressed patterns and package patterns.FindingsWith the template library, more than 7.7 × 1025 package pattern templates can be generated through the permutation and combination of the package pattern templates of design elements and parts shaping technology.Originality/valueThe results indicated that it can accelerate the design process and improve the design efficiency of new styles with the template library. This approach can also provide inspiration for the designers and realize rapid response and personalized customization of knitted garment production. In addition, the whole garment templates can be applied into constructing other types of clothing template libraries, such as jackets, pants, etc.

Active tectonics of the eastern java based on a decade of recent continuous geodetic observation

The eastern part of Java Island is transversed by major faults such as Cepu, Blumbang, Surabaya, and Waru Segment, part of the Kendeng Fault, Wonsorejo Fault, Pasuruan Fault, and Probolinggo Fault. Due to the major fault, we used decomposition of identified fault from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observation data to identify the potential of local deformation. We analyzed surface deformation due to the effect of major fault using scaling law and elastic half-space method. We investigated the possibility of unidentified fault using strain rates based on velocity vector data before and after correcting the effect of a major fault. We found that strain calculation for principal strain value in the eastern part of Java Island is less than one microstrain/year and the dominant one with a compression pattern due to the Sunda subduction zone. The maximum shear strain rate value goes from 0.002 to 0.094 microstrain/year, and the dilatation rate value ranges from −0.141 to 0.038 microstrain/year, which correlates with the reverse of the Kendeng Fault. A higher compression pattern outside the major fault in a differential maximum shear strain rate might indicate a local fault.

Microvascular decompression for pediatric-onset hemifacial spasm: case series and literature review

Pediatric hemifacial spasm has been rarely reported in the literature, which contains only 44 cases. Although microvascular decompression (MVD) has been widely regarded as effective therapy for hemifacial spasm, the etiology and surgical treatment of pediatric patients are seldom reported. We report our experience with MVD for pediatric hemifacial spasm patients and review the literature with emphasis on the difference from adults. This retrospective report included 4 pediatric HFS patients, who underwent MVD in our department between January 2014 and May 2021 and then reviewed all the pediatric hemifacial spasm literature on "pubmed" with emphasis on the clinical data. Our series included 1 boy and 3 girls with an average age of 15.6 ± 3.2years old; their onset ages were from 7 to 16years old (11.6 ± 4.3). Three patients achieved immediate excellent outcomes and 1 achieved poor immediately and became good 6months later. During the operation, all the 4 patients were found compressed by anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). The incidence of pediatric atypical hemifacial spasm patients is 12.5% among the 48 reported cases, which is much higher than adults. Among all the reported 48 cases including ours, the singular artery neurovascular conflictions account for 27/48(56%), the singular vein and combined artery/vein conflictions in 12/48(25%) and the cisternal conflictions in 5/48(10.4%) patients. The etiology of pediatric hemifacial spasm is still neurovascular conflict, of which combined artery/vein and singular venous compression patterns have a higher proportion, which might explain higher incidence of pediatric atypical hemifacial spasm and less favorable postoperative outcome. Sufficient arachnoid release, full exploration and decompression along the facial nerve are necessary, which would help to increase the excellent postoperative cure rate among pediatric patients.

Pelvic ring injuries: classification and treatment

This review article will focus on the classification and treatment options for pelvic ring fractures. The pelvic ring can be split into anterior and posterior supporting structures. Injury can result in mechanical pelvic instability, the significance of which is determined by the magnitude and direction of forces applied during injury. The typical fracture patterns of anteroposterior compression, lateral compression and vertical shear form the basis of the Young and Burgess classification. However, the logic of the Tile classification system is useful in determining the degree of pelvic instability and the optimal surgical stabilization options. Posterior pelvic ring stabilization is often performed percutaneous after closed fracture reduction with sacro-iliac screws. This avoids the soft tissue complications often associated with open posterior approaches. Alternative reduction techniques can be performed through an open anterior approach using the first ilio-inguinal window to approach sacro-iliac joint disruptions as well as crescent fractures of the posterior iliac wing. The anterior pelvic ring, traditionally stabilized with external fixation, can be well accessed with the open ‘STOPPA’ approach. This allows access to an area extending from the pubic symphysis around the pelvic brim to the anterior aspect of the sacro-iliac joint where plates can be applied. Other options for anterior ring stabilization include column screws and the use of the ‘In-fix’ (Internal Fixator).

Faba Bean Fractions for 3D Printing of Protein-, Starch- and Fibre-Rich Foods

Food 3D printing allows for the production of personalised foods in terms of shape and nutrition. In this study, we examined whether protein-, starch- and fibre-rich fractions extracted from faba beans can be combined to produce fibre- and protein-rich printable food inks for extrusion-based 3D printing. Small amplitude oscillatory shear measurements were used to characterise the inks while compression tests and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterise the freeze-dried samples. We found that rheological parameters such as storage modulus, loss tangent and yield stress were related to ink printability and shape stability. Investigations on the effect of ink composition, infill pattern (honeycomb/grid) and direction of compression on textural and microstructural properties of freeze-dried 3D-printed objects revealed no clear effect of infill pattern, but a strong effect of direction of compression. Microstructure heterogeneity seemed to be correlated with the textural properties of the printed objects.

Investigation of the mechanical behaviour of concrete with severe delayed ettringite formation expansion focusing on internal damage propagation under various compressive loading patterns

Expansion due to delayed ettringite formation (DEF) can cause severe concrete strength deterioration; the failure process related to internal damage remains unclear. In this study, the influence of pre-existing DEF cracks on the compressive failure process was demonstrated. Concrete specimens with DEF expansions greater than 2% were tested under monotonic, step, cyclic, and sustained loading patterns, providing stress–strain relationships. Internal crack propagation due to loading was quantified using X-ray CT images. Large plastic strains occurred, even at low stress levels. Peak stress and strain at failure were almost independent of the loading history. Gaps formed around the aggregate with increased loading were closed and opened in the loading and perpendicular directions, respectively, contributing to plastic strain accumulation. Gradual interconnection of cracks along the aggregate interfaces at high stress levels led to specimen failure. Gradual gap closing under cyclic or sustained loading reduced additional plastic deformation under the same stress.

Second language acquisition of Spanish prosody by Chinese speakers: Nuclear contours and pitch characteristics

Despite the increasing number of studies in L2 prosody, little research has been carried out on the Chinese-Spanish language pair. This article sets out to examine the L2 acquisition of nuclear contours and pitch implementation details of Spanish spoken by Chinese speakers. To this end, 555 utterances (produced by 37 informants) were analyzed within an autosegmental-metrical framework, and pitch values were evaluated using long-term distributional (LTD) and pitch dynamism quotient (PDQ) measures. The results suggest a hierarchy of difficulties in acquiring the prosodic features of different sentence types. The most salient intonational error made by the Chinese learners was the tendency to replace low nuclear accents with high/rising tones. Furthermore, the higher pitch level, narrower span, and lower F0 variance found for Chinese speakers lend support to previous hypotheses which proposed a general pitch compression pattern for L2 speech. Nevertheless, with increasing proficiency in Spanish, learners appear to develop more target-like intonation contours and pitch profiles. Finally, gender and stress effects as well as other interactions prove that L2 prosody learning is more complex than previously stated, and is influenced not only by the L1 system and oral competence but is also correlated with some psychological and sociocultural factors.

Microvascular decompression for pediatric onset trigeminal neuralgia: patterns and variation.

Pediatric trigeminal neuralgia has been rarely reported in the literature, which were only 28 cases. Although microvascular decompression (MVD) has been widely accepted as effective therapy for trigeminal neuralgia, the etiology and surgical treatment of pediatric ones are seldom addressed. We report our experience with MVD for pediatric trigeminal neuralgia patients with emphasis on the vascular conflict patterns and surgical skills. This retrospective report included 11 pediatric TN patients, who underwent MVD and were followed for 3-86months. The data were retrospectively analyzed with emphasis on the clinical features. This series included 4 boys and 7 girls with average age of 13 ± 3.4years old, their onset age were from 7 to 18years old. The singular vein and combined artery/vein conflictions account for 7/11. 9 (81.8%) patients achieved immediate excellent outcomes. One recurrence was observed after 5months and refused the second surgery. The etiology of pediatric onset trigeminal neuralgia is still vascular conflict, whose patterns are different from adults, of which combined artery/vein and singular venous compression patterns have a much more higher proportion. Because of the smaller operative space and fragile-thin venous wall with adhesion to other structures, it is much more difficult to decompress the trigeminal nerve among pediatric patients. Sufficient arachnoid release, full exploration, and decompression along the trigeminal nerve were necessary, which will increase the excellent rate among pediatric patients.

Face Identification based on Informative Knowledge Distillation using Morphological Model

This manuscript deals with face detection and recognition with the help of a morphological-based Informative knowledge distillation model. It suggests a face prototype compression technique via discriminatory knowledge distillation, that can thoroughly study human potential with two simultaneous tasks, age estimation as well as face verification, for facial pictures captured at varying ages with greatly reduced information. The detailed and rigorous experimental study helps to understand the involvement of many variables such as gender, age gap, race, and age group. We propose Informative Knowledge Distillation Using Morphological Model (IKDMM) which can draw from current face patterns the most discriminatory facial attributes, which may be utilized to oversee the training process for face models with low resolution; and complete extensive tests to demonstrate that the compressed pattern is able to obtain an extreme high identification rate with comparative precision with the latest high-resolution face patterns.

46 - Optimal Intrusive Force for a Periodontally Compromised Tooth: A Finite Element Analysis Strategy

The present study evaluated the optimal force for orthodontic intrusive mechanics of a tooth with different levels of periodontal support reduction using a finite element analysis (FEA) approach. An anatomical 3D model was constructed representing a second unirradicular premolar inserted into a maxillary bone segment. Based on the control model, three horizontal bone resorption conditions were simulated with alveolar bone height loss of 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm (R2, R4, and R6, respectively). An 25 cN intrusive force was used for the two simulated mechanics: bilateral mini-implant intrusion and conventional intrusion. A root resorption risk index (RRRi) was calculated by dividing the maximum compressive hydrostatic stress in the periodontal ligament by the hydrostatic stress of the capillaries (4.7 kPa). It was assumed that the optimal intrusive force of reduced periodontal premolars was reached when the compressive hydrostatic stress distributions pattern of the reduced models was similar to those found in the control models of the corresponding mechanics. The FEA optimal force values for each model were compared with those obtained by the analytical formula (Force = stress x area). A linear trendline was observed between the control force reduction percentage and the bone loss height for both mechanics. For each millimeter of bone height loss, the control force had to be reduced by 9% for conventional intrusion, and by 8% for bilateral mini-implant intrusion. The root resorption risk index and the optimal intrusive force depends not only on the remaining root area with ligament support, but also on the intrusive mechanics used. The use of bilateral mini-implants in orthodontic intrusion reduced the external apical root resorption risk index and increased the optimal intrusive force. The proposed FEA strategy provided an easy, precise and feasible approach to suggest the optimum force in a clinical situation.

Behavior of structural lightweight concrete produced with expanded clay aggregate and after exposure to high temperatures

The residual compressive strength of eight lightweight concrete mixtures containing three commercial grading (Liapor HD 5 N, Liapor HD 7 N, and Liapor 8F) of coarse lightweight aggregate (LWA) were determined after to expose at high temperatures. Eight mixes were produced, two by normal weight aggregate and the rest by different types of LWA. The produced concrete was analyzed after high temperature exposure and the effect of using LWA, the type of LWA, and compaction method was studied. To do so, visual inspection, residual compressive strength, crack pattern, spalling, and thermoanalytical analysis were conducted. Generally, it could be concluded that concrete formulations with LWA behave more advantageous up to 500 °C, compared to those with quartz gravel aggregates. Moreover, this study found that an ideal type of LWA to produce structural concrete was Liapor HD 5 N, which was used for producing the mixes L1 and L3.

A Method to Improve Exact Matching Results in Compressed Text using Parallel Wavelet Tree

The process of searching on the World Wide Web (WWW) is increasing regularly, and users around the world also use it regularly. In WWW the size of the text corpus is constantly increasing at an exponential rate, so we need an efficient indexing algorithm that reduces both space and time during the search process. This paper proposes a new technique that utilizes Word-Based Tagging Coding compression which is implemented using Parallel Wavelet Tree, called WBTC_PWT. WBTC_PWT uses the word-based tagging coding encoding technique to reduce the space complexity of the index and uses a parallel wavelet tree which reduces the time it takes to construct indexes. This technique utilizes the features of compressed pattern matching to minimize search time complexity. In this technique, all the unique words present in the text corpus are divided into different levels according to the word frequency table and a different wavelet tree is made for each level in parallel. Compared to other existing search algorithms based on compressed text, the proposed WBTC_PWT search method is significantly faster and it reduces the chances of getting the false matching result.

Study on Compressive Properties of Recycling PETs and CANs for Designing a Smart Waste Management Compactor

Recycling is a key process in any sustainable development strategy. This paper proposes solutions for the increasing waste collection rates by developing an educational model for developing innovative waste management solutions. The focus in this paper will be on making the correlation between experimental studies on compressive properties of recycling waste and designing a smart waste management compactor. Based on previous achievements on developing an innovative compactor system with selective waste collection, actual experimental trials will be analysed for generating compression patterns for different types of common waste containers which will be used in the conceptual design process of a compactor, impacting concept definition of all 3 subsystems: mechanical, electrical and software. A dedicated software module for compression parameters will be developed for importing experimental data trials and based on these to process and identify relevant compression parameters defining compression pattern for different common waste containers. These parameters will be used to assist the wok mode state machines for compacting wastes. This will improve compactor performance by optimization of compactor usage smart adaptability.

Study of the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Recycled Concrete Containing Ferronickel Slag Subjected to Impact

In order to study the dynamic mechanical properties of recycled concrete with ferronickel slag, dynamic experiments on cylindrical specimens (φ 73 mm × 36.5 mm) were performed using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. The effects of loading rate and recycled aggregate replacement rate on the compressive strength, toughness index, peak strain, and failure pattern of the concrete were investigated, and four different loading rates and aggregate replacement rates were selected. In addition, cohesive elements were embedded between C3D8R elements in the numerical model using Python language to simulate the failure process of the recycled concrete, and the reliability of the simulation was validated by the obtained experimental results. It was found that the peak strain of the recycled concrete was significantly higher than that of the ordinary concrete; however, its peak stress was lower than that of the ordinary concrete. In comparison to the recycled concretes containing 70% and 100% recycled coarse aggregates (RCAs), the toughness index amplification of the recycled concrete containing 30% RCAs was the most obvious. The failure pattern and mechanical properties of the numerical model were consistent with those of the test specimens, thus validating the reliability of the numerical simulation.

Effect of fly ash on the self-healing capability of cementitious materials with crystalline admixture under different conditions

The self-healing capability of cracks plays an important role in improving the durability of concrete. This study investigated the the self-healing capability of mortar with crystalline admixture and fly ash under three conditions. The compressive strength, water absorption, and surface crack pattern were used to evaluate self-healing capability of mortar, and the composition of the healing products was analyzed by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the crystalline admixture could improve the self-healing capability of cementitious materials but caused a negative effect if adding too great an amount of fly ash (≥20%). The specimen that was immersed in water showed favorable self-healing capability of cracks. The healing products in cracks are mainly composed of CaCO3.

Regular matching and inclusion on compressed tree patterns with constrained context variables

We study the complexity of regular matching and inclusion for compressed tree patterns with context variables subject to regular constraints. Context variables with regular constraints permit to properly generalize on unranked tree patterns with hedge variables. Regular inclusion on unranked tree patterns is relevant to certain query answering on Xml streams with references. We show that regular matching and inclusion with regular constraints can be reduced in polynomial time to the corresponding problem without regular constraints.