Comprehensive Method Research Articles

Using Particle Swarm Optimization with Backpropagation Neural Networks and Analytic Hierarchy Process to Optimize the Power Generation Performance of Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS)

The optimization of the production scheme for enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) in geothermal fields is crucial for enhancing heat production efficiency and prolonging the lifespan of thermal reservoirs. In this study, the 4100–4300 m granite diorite stratum in the Zhacang geothermal field was taken as the target stratum to establish a numerical model of water-heat coupling of three vertical wells. However, relying solely on numerical simulation for optimization is time-consuming and challenging for the determination of the globally optimal production plan. The present study proposes a comprehensive evaluation method for optimizing the performance of EGS power generation based on the integration of particle swarm optimization with backpropagation neural network (PSO-BPNN) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Five different PSO-BPNN models were constructed based on the numerical simulation data to predict different EGS power generation performance indexes, including the production temperature, the injection pressure, the total electricity generation, the electric energy efficiency and the levelized cost of electricity. Based on these PSO-BPNN models, the weights of various thermal development evaluation indexes were calculated by AHP to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the power generation performance of the three vertical wells EGS. The results show that the PSO-BPNN model has good prediction accuracy for EGS prediction of various performance indicators, with a coefficient of determination (R2) exceeding 0.999. The AHP evaluation of all production schemes reveals that the optimal power generation scheme entails a well spacing of 580 m, water injection rate of 56 kg/s, injection temperature of 38 °C and fracture permeability of 2.0 × 10−10 m2. Over a span of 30 years, this scheme can provide a total power generation capacity amounting to 1775 GWh, with an associated LCOE value of 0.03837 USD/kWh. This not only provides a reference for the development and optimization of geothermal systems in the Zhacang geothermal field but also provides a new idea for the optimization design of other geothermal projects.

A Novel Framed Slotted Aloha Medium Access Control Protocol Based on Capture Effect in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

The capture effect is a frequently observed phenomenon in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) communication. When conflicts arise during time slot access, failure to access does not necessarily occur; instead, successful access may still be achieved. The capture effect can enhance the likelihood of multiple access and improve communication efficiency. The security of VANETs communication is undoubtedly the primary concern. One crucial approach to enhance security involves the design of an efficient and reliable medium access control (MAC) protocol. Taking into account both aspects, we propose a novel framed slotted Aloha (FSA) MAC protocol model. Firstly, we derive the closed-form expression for the capture probability in the Rician fading channel in this paper. Subsequently, we analyze how the number of vehicles and time slots influence the success probability of vehicle access channels as well as examine the impact of the capture effect on this success probability. Then, under constraints regarding vehicle access channel success probability, we derive optimal values for slot numbers, access times, and transmission power while proposing a comprehensive implementation method to ensure high access channel success probabilities. We verify both theoretical derivations and proposed methods through simulation experiments.

ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF INDIAN CONSUMERS WITH REFERENCE TO HYDERABAD

The present study examines the several aspects that influence online buying behaviour, specifically product variety, convenience, payment method factors, and psychological factors. The main objective is to identify the relation between the various variables and their influence on customer behaviour in the market space. The results of the ANOVA and correlation analyses indicate significant associations: a moderate positive correlation between product variety and online shopping, a strong positive correlation between convenience and online shopping, and notably high correlations between payment method factors and psychological factors with online shopping. These findings highlight the significance of a comprehensive method in comprehending consumer behaviour in e-commerce, emphasising the necessity for online retailers to prioritise several elements in order to improve the online buying experience. KEYWORDS: Online Shopping Behavior, E-Commerce, Product Variety, Convenience, Payment Methods, Psychological Factors, Consumer Behavior,

Enhancing detection of SARS-CoV-2 re-infections using longitudinal sero-monitoring: demonstration of a methodology in a cohort of people experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Canada

BackgroundAccurate estimation of SARS-CoV-2 re-infection is crucial to understanding the connection between infection burden and adverse outcomes. However, relying solely on PCR testing results in underreporting. We present a novel approach that includes longitudinal serologic data, and compared it against testing alone among people experiencing homelessness.MethodsWe recruited 736 individuals experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Canada, between June and September 2021. Participants completed surveys and provided saliva and blood serology samples every three months over 12 months of follow-up. Re-infections were defined as: positive PCR or rapid antigen test (RAT) results > 90 days after initial infection; new serologic evidence of infection among individuals with previous infection who sero-reverted; or increases in anti-nucleocapsid in seropositive individuals whose levels had begun to decrease.ResultsAmong 381 participants at risk, we detected 37 re-infections through PCR/RAT and 98 re-infections through longitudinal serology. The comprehensive method identified 37.4 re-infection events per 100 person-years, more than four-fold more than the rate detected through PCR/RAT alone (9.0 events/100 person-years). Almost all test-confirmed re-infections (85%) were also detectable by longitudinal serology.ConclusionsLongitudinal serology significantly enhances the detection of SARS-CoV-2 re-infections. Our findings underscore the importance and value of combining data sources for effective research and public health surveillance.

Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of seawater quality of Larimichthys Crocea mariculture areas in Zhoushan, China

Context Aquaculture is an essential industry and assessing its impact on the environment, particularly water quality, is crucial for sustainable practices. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the seawater quality in the Dongji Island yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) aquaculture area by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and field survey. Aims The main objective of this study was to assess the seawater quality in the aquaculture area during 2 consecutive years (2019 and 2020) on the basis of monitoring data. Methods The researchers utilised the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to assess seawater quality in the Dongji Island yellow croaker aquaculture area. Seawater monitoring data from 6 months in 2019 and 6 months in 2020 were collected for the evaluation. The method included an annual average evaluation, and membership degrees were calculated for each year and individual months. Qualitative interviews with 30 local fish farmers were conducted to unravel the challenges faced by aquaculture water quality management. Key results The evaluation results indicated that the seawater quality in the aquaculture area was classified as Class I water in both 2019 and 2020 on the basis of the annual average evaluation. However, the membership degrees for 2019 were higher than those for 2020, suggesting that water quality was better in 2019. Furthermore, individual monthly evaluations in 2020 showed varying membership degrees, with May and June having higher membership degrees, indicating better water quality than in other months. August had the lowest membership degree, implying poorer water quality during that month. Conclusions The study demonstrated that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is effective for evaluating seawater quality in aquaculture areas. It also concluded that the water quality in 2019 was superior to that in 2020, raising concerns about potential environmental degradation. Implications The quantitative and qualitative findings of this research have important implications for aquaculture practices in the Zhoushan area. The study highlights the need for continued monitoring and management of water quality to ensure sustainable aquaculture practices and adherence to water-quality policies. Future aquaculture endeavours in the region should consider the potential impact on water quality to maintain a healthy ecosystem.

A comprehensive localization and assessment method for SSO in power systems with wind power

Subsynchronous Oscillation (SSO) is a common dynamic stability issue in power systems that integrate wind power. This paper proposes a comprehensive method for assessing the localization of SSO in wind power integrated systems. The localization method applies the transient energy flow approach to identify SSO sources in systems with wind power. Additionally, a relevant SSO index system is established where the value of each index is calculated. By using the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) to judge the index, the SSO disturbance source contribution rating of each area is obtained. Simulation cases demonstrate that the localization method of the transient energy flow approach can effectively identify the SSO disturbance source. Moreover, the SSO disturbance source contribution rating method based on FIS can determine the SSO contribution degree of each area, thus identifying the dominant oscillation disturbance sources. The proposed method can provide valuable insights for formulating emergency control measures.

A Future Vision among Non-Governmental Organizations to Enhance Environmental Citizenship: An Applied Study in Hail

This study aimed to identify, describe, and analyze the requirements for partnership among non-governmental organizations to enhance environmental citizenship. Additionally, it sought to develop a future vision for activating the partnership between these organizations to further environmental citizenship. This study falls under the category of descriptive research and relied on a comprehensive social survey method involving experts in the field of non-governmental organizations in Hail City, with a total of 92 experts. A questionnaire was used to collect data, gathered between October 24, 2023, and November 30, 2023. The study found several key requirements for building partnerships among non-governmental organizations to enhance their capacity and enable them to promote environmental citizenship, including: the existence of an informational base, coordination, cooperation, exchange, and communication.
 Keywords: A Future Vision, Partnership, Non-Governmental Organizations, Environmental Citizenship

Toward Securing the 6G Transition: A Comprehensive Empirical Method to Analyze Threats in O-RAN Environments

Toward Securing the 6G Transition: A Comprehensive Empirical Method to Analyze Threats in O-RAN Environments

Qualitative focus group discussions exploring PrEP method and service delivery preferences among female sex workers and their managers in four Zambian provinces

ObjectivesTo describe the experiences of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use, preferences comparing oral PrEP to future long-acting PrEP products (the dapivirine vaginal ring (PrEP ring) and injectable cabotegravir (CAB...

Witnessing edge modes in trimerized circuit quantum electrodynamic lattice

We propose a scheme to investigate and witness edge modes of general one-dimensional photonic trimers in a circuit quantum electrodynamic lattice. These in-gap edge modes are strictly and analytically solved and the criteria for their emergence are indicated respectively. Moreover, the energy spectrum of the system shows two different regimes characterized by a discrepancy in the number of edge modes. Specifically, while there are always a couple of edge modes only present at one single boundary in both the regimes, one of the regimes also shows another pair of edge modes localized on the opposite boundary. Furthermore, these edge modes are witnessed with the aid of continuous-time quantum walks and average photon number measurements. Our scheme provides a comprehensive method for studying the edge modes of matter.

Evaluation of the key ingredient from the main production areas of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex (PAC) is a medicinal herb that has been generally used to treat diarrhea and jaundice. In order to comprehensively evaluate the PAC in the main production areas quality, a qualitative and quantitative method with highly effective, sensitive, and reliable was developed. The chemical compositions of PAC were analyzed, and fingerprints were established by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Then, the determination of berberine, canthin-6-one, dictamnine, γ-fagarine, and magnoflorine from PAC samples was simultaneously performed using UPLC-QQQ-MS. Furthermore, the chemical components of PAC from different regions were compared and analyzed by combining hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. A total of 58 compounds were identified, including 36 alkaloids, four phenylpropanoids, seven terpenoids, four flavonoids and their glycosides, an organic acid compound, and six other components. The fingerprint results show that samples have good similarity. Meanwhile, the content of the five ingredients in different habitats is quite different. By multivariate statistical analysis, 18 batches of PAC could be divided into three categories, and 20 components were identified as differential markers of various origins. A comprehensive method of PAC quality evaluation and chemical composition difference analysis was established, which provided the scientific basis for quality evaluation and further pharmacological mechanism research.

Influence of a comprehensive method of rehabilitation includes transcranial magnetic stimulation and balance therapy on the severity of neurological disorders, gate function and balance in patients with diabetic neuropathy

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a new method of rehabilitation of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy using balance therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation against the background of a basic rehabilitation program to reduce neurological symptoms and improve the function of movement and balance. Material and methods. The study sample consisted of 34 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and with a severe degree of diabetic neuropathy, distal sensorimotor form, from which 2 groups were formed by randomization: the main group (n=17) and the control group (n=17). Patients of the main group received a new rehabilitation method, including rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation, No. 10, balance therapy on a simulator with biofeedback, No. 10, whirlpool baths for the lower extremities, No. 10, physical therapy, No. 10, and massage of the lower extremities, No. 10. The rehabilitation method for the control group included magnetic therapy for the lower extremities, No. 10, whirlpool baths for the lower extremities, No. 10, physical therapy, No. 10, and massage of the lower extremities, No. 10. Results. There were revealed a decrease in NSS scale values by 33.3% (from 6.0 [4.0; 7.0] to 4.0 [3.0; 6.0] points, p=0.029) and DN4 questionnaire scores – by 36.4% (from 5.5 [3.0; 7.0] to 3.5 [2.5.0; 5.0] points, p=0.034, p=0.045 in comparison with control), increase in walking speed by 10.7% (from 75.0 [59.0; 88.0] to 83.0 [68.0; 103.0] steps per minute, p = 0.047), decrease in time performing the “Up and go test” from 12.0 [7.0; 15.0] to 10.0 [5.0; 11.0] sec (p=0.039) and an increase in the time of maintaining balance in the “One leg standing test” with eyes closed on the right leg from 2.0 [1.0; 3.5] to 3.5 [1.5; 6.0] sec (p=0.041, p=0.022 compared with control) in patients of the main group, after completion of rehabilitation,. In the control group, there were no reliably significant changes in any of the studied indicators (p>0.05). Conclusion. A new rehabilitation complex, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and balance therapy with biofeedback against the background of standard therapy, helps to significantly reduce the severity of symptoms of distal diabetic polyneuropathy, increase walking speed and improve static balance.

Quality control of manufacturing enterprises based on computer and big data technology

AbstractThe traditional manufacturing industry is facing the impact of Big Data, and all aspects of product research and development, process design, quality management, production and operation are urgently looking forward to the birth of innovative methods to cope with the challenges of big data in the industrial background. Although traditional manufacturing enterprises have initially established quality control information system, there are still many problems and limitations in the existing quality control system, which cannot meet the operation needs of manufacturing enterprises. This paper chooses the quality management of manufacturing enterprises as the research object, and uses advanced technologies such as computer, internet, big data and cloud computing to build a data system model of quality control of manufacturing enterprises. this paper optimizes the quality data processing process by establishing the quality monitoring model, and builds an intelligent quality supervision platform, and sets up the quality alarm rules for manufacturing enterprises. If the deviation between the actual value and the predicted value of the quality monitoring index is mapped between [0,1], the quality monitoring system can generate an outlier probability score. In this study, the traditional manual quality management is transformed into the management mode of the “internet + quality data” in order to realize the information, digital and intelligent quality management of manufacturing enterprises. This comprehensive research method combines modern digital technology and relevant theories of quality management to explore the optimization scheme of quality management of manufacturing enterprises, and also provides reference experience for the information construction of other similar enterprises.

Research and Appropriate Implementation on Vehicle Tracking System using IoT

The development and implementation of vehicle tracking systems based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology have attracted considerable interest due to the rising demand for effective and secure monitoring solutions. This study investigates the investigation and development of a vehicle monitoring system that utilizes Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities to provide real-time tracking, data collection, and analysis. By combining existing literature, IoT principles, and modern technologies, this study seeks to present a comprehensive and practical method for implementing an effective vehicle tracking system that satisfies the requirements of contemporary fleet management. This document provides a thorough investigation and practical application of a vehicle tracking system utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The research covers a comprehensive examination of relevant articles and resources regarding vehicle tracking systems and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It explores into the fundamental principles of IoT and its significance in the context of vehicle tracking. The implementation phase encompasses the creation of a bespoke vehicle tracking system that integrates GPS modules, microcontrollers, wireless communication, and cloud-based data storage to enable real-time tracking and monitoring. The integration of advanced data analytics and machine learning techniques enhances the capabilities of the system, resulting in valuable insights, optimized routing, and predictive maintenance. This integration contributes to improved fleet management. The ethical implications pertaining to the protection of data privacy, security, and compliance to regulatory requirements are carefully taken into account. The results of this study make a valuable contribution to the field of Internet of Things (IoT)-based vehicle tracking systems. Additionally, it provide a practical framework that can be utilized by organizations in search of effective and scalable solutions.

Preposition à la in Public Discourse of German Language

The functioning of the French-origin preposition à la in the modern journalistic corpus of the German language is analyzed. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of linguistic description of this preposition in domestic and foreign German studies, despite its productivity in the German language. Combinations including the preposition à la were identified through a comprehensive sampling method in the DWDS corpus. The authors consider the preposition as synonymous with German derived prepositions that denote “similarity, likeness”: nach Art von, im Stile von, in der Art von, nach dem Prinzip von. It is noted that proper names (à la Agatha Christie) and predicative units (à la “Klinsmann liebt Leipzig”) serve as the main carriers of the preposition, with fewer examples involving concrete, abstract, and animate nouns. A paradigm of variable government for this preposition is proposed. The authors conclude that the choice of case government for the preposition is influenced by the structural characteristics of prepositional constructions, namely the presence / absence of an article or accompanying word after the preposition, as well as the gender and number of the governed noun.

Overview and prospect of the history of air pollution control in the United States in the 20th century

Environmental history, as a comprehensive discipline method and research paradigm, started in the 1970s, and air pollution control is the most important field in environmental governance. After more than 50 years of relevant research and accumulation, scholars at home and abroad have achieved fruitful results in the history of air pollution control in the United States. In terms of the overall study of the history of air pollution in the United States, almost all the stages of American air control in the 20th century have been systematically studied by the academic community. In terms of case studies, cases such as the photochemical smog incident in Los Angeles and California's advanced air management in California have also been well studied. In terms of the research of relevant laws and precedents, important laws such as the "Clean Air Act" and important concepts such as "bubble" have been systematically studied, and various court cases have been sorted out and compiled. In terms of urban environmental history, the existence of social inequality in society has been valued. However, at the same time, there is room for further research in the air governance process of the United States between the 1940s and 1960s, the Donora smoke event, some detailed rules and standards in the "Clean Air Act", and further research efforts can be made to realize the innovation of transnational and even globalization.

Ecosystem health evaluation based on land use change-case study of the riparian zone of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, China.

Evaluating the ecosystem health of riparian zones is helpful for decision-makers to formulate appropriate management measures. However, there are few methods for such evaluation which account for both the human requirements and ecological aspects of riparian zones. To address this, we created a Pressure-State(Vigor-Organization-Resilience)-Response framework for evaluating the ecosystem health of the riparian zone of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, a region experiencing intense land use changes. Evaluation indicators, including land use change and ecosystem services, were selected. The comprehensive index method was used to calculate the evaluation indicators of ecosystem health, namely pressure, state, and response, and the comprehensive evaluation indicator itself. Using the cold and hot spot analysis, we also analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem health in the riparian zone, constructed an ecological management pattern, and proposed corresponding management and protection measures. The results show that (1) from 2010 to 2020, construction land in the study area increased by more than 20%, and all studied land types underwent some degree of conversion to construction land, with cultivated land and water bodies being the main focus of conversion. (2) In 2020, the average ecosystem health in the riparian zone was normal, with a spatial distribution characterized by "high dispersion and low clustering"; and (3) according to the results of the ecosystem health evaluation and cold and hot spot analysis, key areas for stronger ecological protection were identified and, based on this, a number of management recommendations were proposed.

Research on Wind Turbine Location and Wind Energy Resource Evaluation Methodology in Port Scenarios

Wind energy is widely distributed in China as a renewable energy source. Aiming to alleviate the issues resulting from fossil fuel consumption faced by developing and developed countries (e.g., climate change) and to meet development needs, this study innovatively proposed methods for the location selection of wind farms and wind turbines in port areas based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Considering that the wind turbine location is crucial to wind power generation, this paper focuses on locating wind turbines within a specific set of sea ports. The primary objectives of this paper are to evaluate the potential of wind power generation under different port scenarios and develop a method for assessing the potential of wind energy resources in wind farm areas. Firstly, a method is proposed for identifying the boundaries of wind farms in the port areas and locating wind turbines at sea ports. Furthermore, this study used the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) wind speed database to test the proposed method with the real-world wind power projects of the Ports of Tianjin, Shanghai, Xiamen, Shenzhen, and Hainan, which are top ports within five major coastal port clusters in China. It is found that the potential power generation capacity of the wind power farms at the above ports is 30.71 GWh, 19.82 GWh, 16.72 GWh, 29.45 GWh, and 24.42 GWh, respectively. Additionally, sensitive results for different types of wind turbines are conducted in the following experiment. The results of this study are fundamental for enriching the research of evaluating wind energy resources of sea ports and promoting the development and use of clean energy in practical environments. Further, the method proposed in this study is essential for optimizing the location and construction of wind turbines, which may help ports in adopting a low-carbon and green development path, thereby mitigating air pollution, and promoting sustainable development.

Research on the pricing and replenishment decision-making problem of vegetable products based on neural networks and grey wolf algorithm

This article deals with the knapsack problem, where, under real-world conditions, the wholesale prices for the day are not known, and the sales of vegetable products exhibit seasonal patterns. Therefore, this article utilizes an LSTM neural network model to predict the daily wholesale prices. Subsequently, the top 60 projects with the highest profits are selected to create a histogram, and available projects are chosen from these 60.Initially, this article identifies five factors that impact profit and transforms them into positive indicators. Weight allocation is done using the entropy weight method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The TOPSIS method is employed to obtain composite score indicators for the 60 projects. A linear programming objective function is established, and the results are solved using the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm.

A Novel Approach to Integrative Concussion Rehabilitation: A Pragmatic Study

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the novel Ziaks Integrative Neurological Concussion (ZINC) Protocol in evaluating and treating persistent post-concussion symptoms. Methods: Individuals with concussion were systematically evaluated for neurological impairments and subsequently received six modules of integrative and progressive therapies. Treatment addressed motor function impairment, oculomotor and binocular vision deficits, and central vestibular deficits while incorporating postural stability, dual task and cognitive loading skills and providing instruction in cardiovascular exercise to promote autonomic stability. Results: Of 30 patients, 15 completed all 6 protocol modules for inclusion in data analysis. Mean treatment duration was 6.6 (SD±.99) visits over 69.53 days (SD±21.92). The Post-Concussion Symptom Scale and Dizziness Handicap Inventory outcomes from pre- to post-treatment achieved clinical and statistical significance. Statistical significance was achieved for the Brain Injury Vision Symptom Survey, Brock String near point of convergence, King Devick and the novel binocular vision screening tool. Conclusions: A structured, integrative, and progressive rehabilitation program addressing the vestibulo-oculomotor and motor function domains of concussion may be effective in the management of persistent post-concussion symptoms. Impact Statement: This study details one potential comprehensive and sequential method to integrate the neurological domains of concussion rehabilitation while screening for impairments in the physical domains. There is a gap in knowledge regarding the most effective timing, sequencing, and implementation of intervention methods across the 4 concussion domains. This study provides the groundwork for future research to establish treatment protocols aimed to efficiently reduce symptoms associated with persistent post-concussion symptoms.