Comprehensive Evaluation Score Research Articles

Research on the Coupled and Coordinated Development of Tourism Informatization and Regional Tourism Economy in Jilin Province

This study is focused on developing an integrated coordination model designed to conduct an empirical assessment of the evaluation metrics and their respective weights concerning the tourism sector and regional economic growth in Jilin Province. By analyzing the level of coupling and coordination between these two domains, the findings indicate that, although the coordination level currently falls within the expected range, it remains suboptimal. This is primarily due to the relatively modest comprehensive evaluation scores of both the tourism informatization framework and the regional tourism economic system. To improve the level of coordination, this paper suggests several strategic measures. These include enhancing investments in information technology infrastructure and fostering the development of specialized talent. Such measures aim to effectively advance the synchronized development of the tourism sector and regional economic progress in Jilin Province.

A New Method of Using Production Data to Predict the Effect of Oil Well Liquid Lifting Based on Deep Learning

Abstract Liquid lifting is a low-cost, straightforward, and efficient measure for stabilizing production, achieved by adjusting liquid production to reduce bottom-hole flow pressure, thereby optimizing reservoir development and increasing recovery rates. However, traditional research methods for liquid lifting no longer meet the demands of contemporary oilfield big data applications. Particularly in the selection of target wells for liquid lifting, manual screening based on chart methods faces challenges such as low efficiency, high workload, and poor generalization capabilities. This study focuses on the oil wells in the high water cut phase of the SL oilfield in China and proposes a novel data-driven approach to predict the liquid lifting effects of oil wells. This method forecasts the effect of liquid lifting measures based on dynamic and static production data before the implementation of liquid lifting measures, facilitating intelligent selection of oil wells for liquid lifting measures. Firstly, each evaluation metric is assigned weights by utilizing the Coefficient of Variation-G1 Hybrid Cross-Weighting method. The comprehensive evaluation score is obtained through a weighted sum. Subsequently, the self-organizing map (SOM) clustering method is applied to categorize the oil well liquid lifting effects into four classes (A, B, C, D), representing different levels of effect. Additionally, a learning sample dataset is constructed by selecting multidimensional time-series features before liquid lifting. The oil well liquid lifting effect classification model is established using the Bi-LSTM sequence-to-label deep learning algorithm. Comprehensive testing validates the superior performance of the model, especially with classification accuracies of 0.96 and 0.83 on the training and testing sets, respectively. These results outperform other classification models such as LSTM, XGBoost, and SVM, providing an effective tool for intelligent oil well selection in liquid lifting measures.

Evaluation of a web-based surgical training approach and insights from the Distal Bypass Competition 2021 using a simulator kit

ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess a novel web-based surgical training approach among young vascular surgeons and validate web-based evaluation methods for assessing anastomosis skills through the online Distal Bypass Competition (DBC). MethodsThe OSATS was used to assess anastomosis proficiency using a simulator among 42 participants (17 junior and 25 senior surgeons) in the DBC 2021. An initial evaluation of basic anastomosis skills was conducted via recorded videos, comparing OSATS scores with instructor-derived impression-based scores (Comprehensive Evaluation Score [CES]) during the nomination round. Real-time evaluations conducted over Zoom focused on assessing technical and composition scores of the anastomoses to determine finalists. The ice-skating method addresses potential variability among judges by excluding the highest and lowest scores for each procedural element from the final evaluation. This method, demonstrated in real time, provides trainees with valuable feedback on which movements are highly rated, enhancing the educational impact. Evaluation criteria included precision in needlework, external appearance, handling of the intima, and internal morphology of the anastomosis. Furthermore, voluntary survey questionnaires were administered to gather participant feedback on their experience with DBC 2021. ResultsThe OSATS was associated with a lower coefficient of variation (CV) than was the CES (0.19 ± 0.07 vs 0.24 ± 0.09) (P = .01) with regard to the evaluation of basic anastomotic skills in the nomination round. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in CV between the Procedural Element Score based on OSATS and CES in the senior class (0.16 ± 0.06 vs 0.22 ± 0.09) (P = .13), but a significant difference was particularly evident in the junior class (0.12 ± 0.07 vs 0.27 ± 09) (P = .03). Lower scores were associated with higher CVs in both classes, but the OSATS improved the CV among participants who had inadequate anastomosis skills. In real-time evaluation, composition scores exhibited higher CVs compared with technical scores, even among high-scoring participants. Notably, the internal morphology of the anastomosis had the largest CV in the composition scores. The ice-skating method decreased the CV as compared with the original data evaluated using the OSATS (0.15 ± 0.04 vs 0.09 ± 0.02 for the technical score [P < .01] and .18 ± 1.00 vs 0.07 ± 0.05 for the composition score [P = .03]); accordingly, the ice-skating method was more conducive to objective, real-time evaluation. The results of the post-DBC survey indicated that 89% of participants reported increased training time, and one-half of these participants indicated that their confidence in their clinical skills related to this procedure increased owing to the process of training for the DBC. ConclusionsThe OSATS yielded more detailed evaluations of anastomosis skill with a lower variability compared with the instructor's impression-based evaluation in this web-based training. Real-time evaluation methods, such as the ice-skating method, have proven to be valuable tools for the standardized assessment of web-based surgical education.

Study on the Performance Evaluation Method and Application of Drainage Nonwoven Geotextile in the Yellow River Sediment Filling Reclamation Area

Technical challenges associated with drainage and filling efficacy confront the Yellow River sediment filling reclamation, a novel approach to reclaiming coal-mined subsided lands. This study proposes an improved geotextile performance evaluation method to address the shortcomings of current geotextile screening methodologies in the drainage of the Yellow River sediment. This method comprehensively considers essential characteristics under working conditions, such as permeability, soil conservation, and blockage prevention properties, including indicators such as the permeability coefficient and sediment retention rate of geotextiles under pressure. Indoor flume filling and drainage experiments were implemented to verify the efficacy of geotextile drainage. The improved method identified thermal-bonded nonwoven geotextiles of 200 and 250 g·m−2 as having the highest comprehensive evaluation scores. The experimental results showed that these geotextiles significantly improved their drainage efficiency and better met the specific requirements of the Yellow River sediment filling reclamation. Traditional screening methods may be unsuitable for sediment drainage conditions, necessitating sediment interception and rapid drainage due to the streaming water–sediment mixture. Therefore, the newly established performance evaluation method is more appropriate for the specific requirements. It is recommended that a simple vibrating device be installed to maintain 20 vibrations per minute to keep drainage channels clear and provide stable drainage performance in engineering applications.

Method for Rendering Large-Scale Movie Late-Stage Special Effects Under Mixed Use of Level of Detail Fusion

Large-scale movies often require extensive special effects to captivate audiences. To enhance the realism and quality of these effects, especially in complex scenes, a method combining detail-level fusion for post-special effects rendering is introduced. This method involves creating a detailed hierarchy diagram and a visual information sampling model to sample color-matched visuals and extract auxiliary visual elements. It aims to improve the visual communication of special effects and enable real-time, high-quality rendering. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach delivers higher resolution, better quality in film production, consistent output, stability across various scenes, and superior rendering and tracking capabilities, with higher recall and comprehensive evaluation scores, as well as enhanced visual effects.

Transcriptomic and Phenotypical Analysis of the Physiological Plasticity of Chamaecyparis hodginsii Roots under Different Nutrient Environments and Adjacent Plant Competition.

Chamaecyparis hodginsii seedlings undergo significant changes during growth due to different nutrient environments and adjacent plant competition, which is evident in the physiological plasticity changes in their roots. Therefore, in this experiment, 20 one-year-old elite C. hodginsii family seedlings were selected as the test objects, and the different nutrient environments and adjacent plant competition environments in nature were artificially simulated. Four nutrient environments (N heterogeneous nutrient environment, P heterogeneous nutrient environment, K heterogeneous nutrient environment, and homogeneous environment) and three planting patterns (single plant, conspecific neighbor, and heterospecific neighbor) were set up to determine the differences in root physiological indexes and plasticity of different family seedlings, and the families and treatment combinations with higher comprehensive evaluation were selected. The transcriptome sequencing of fine roots of C. hodginsii under different treatments was performed to analyze the differentially expressed genes. The results showed that the root activity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and nutrient element content of C. hodginsii seedlings in the N and P heterogeneous environments were higher than those in the homogeneous nutrient environment, while there was no significant difference between the K heterogeneous nutrient environment and the homogeneous environment, but MDA content was higher than that in other nutrient environments. The root activity and antioxidant enzyme activity in the competitive patterns were generally higher than those in the single plant and reached the peak in the heterospecific neighbor. The root physiological plasticity index of line 490 was the highest, but the comprehensive evaluation of root physiological indexes of lines 539 and 535 was better. The pattern with the highest comprehensive evaluation score was P heterogeneous nutrient environment × heterospecific neighbor. The effects of the N and P heterogeneous nutrient environments on root transcriptome genes were similar, which significantly increased DNA transcription and regulatory factor activity, while K heterogeneous nutrient environment focused on the regulation of root enzyme activity. The heterogeneous nutrient environment induces the conduction of hormone signals in the roots of C. hodginsii and induces the synthesis of phenylpropanone. The biosynthesis of phenylpropanone in the roots of C. hodginsii will increase significantly under competitive patterns. In summary, the N and P heterogeneous nutrient environments and the heterospecific neighbor can improve the root physiological indexes of C. hodginsii families, and the root physiological indexes of lines 539 and 535 are the best. The nutrient environment and competition pattern mainly affect the root system to transmit hormone signals to regulate enzyme activity.

Application of thermal energy optimization based on improved neural network algorithm in green innovation capability evaluation of manufacturing enterprises

As the global focus on sustainable development continues to increase, manufacturing companies face the dual challenges of energy efficiency and environmental impact in the process of enhancing green innovation capabilities. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of improved neural network algorithm in thermal energy optimization, so as to improve the green innovation ability of manufacturing enterprises and promote their sustainable development. By constructing an improved neural network model and using big data analysis technology, this paper conducts in-depth analysis of thermal energy use in manufacturing enterprises, so as to identify and optimize energy consumption patterns. The study considered a variety of influencing factors, including equipment efficiency, production process and environmental policy, and evaluated the optimization effect through model training and testing. The experimental results show that the improved neural network algorithm can effectively identify thermal energy waste points, and put forward the corresponding optimization measures. After optimization, the energy use efficiency of manufacturing enterprises has been improved, carbon emissions have been significantly reduced, and the comprehensive evaluation score of green innovation ability has been improved, providing effective technical support for promoting the sustainable development of enterprises.

A Comparison of the Validity of Online Courses Quality Evaluation Models

The large scale expansion of online courses has led to the crisis of course quality issues. In this study, we first established an evaluation index system for online courses using factor analysis, encompassing three key constructs: course resource construction, course implementation, and teaching effectiveness. Subsequently, we employed factor analysis and entropy weight TOPSIS multi-attribute decision analysis methods to comprehensively evaluate 541 courses. Later on, we conducted correlation and regression analyses between the evaluation results of these two methods and that of experts. The results reveal that the comprehensive evaluation scores derived from both factor analysis and entropy weight TOPSIS models exhibit a significant positive correlation with the experts'. Furthermore, the factor analysis model outperforms the entropy weight TOPSIS model in predicting experts' evaluation scores. The application of this model will help achieve timely and accurate course evaluation, and provide novel idea and approach for real-time monitoring of online courses quality.

Evaluation and clustering of health security performance in Africa: A comparative analysis through the entropy-TOPSIS-K-means approach

ABSTRACT This study presents an analysis and comparison of the health security practices (HSP) of 47 African countries based on 2019 and 2021 data. Its objective is to assess, rank, and cluster the countries based on their HSP performance and progress over this period. A comprehensive Entropy-TOPSIS-K-means-based evaluation system was constructed for this purpose. Initially, the entropy method was utilised to analyze and compare investment priorities. Subsequently, the Entropy-TOPSIS was used to evaluate and compare the level of health security (HS) performance and the degree of improvements made by countries over the study period. Finally, the K-means cluster analysis method was applied to classify countries based on their comprehensive evaluation scores. Among the six identified criteria, prevention, detection, reporting, and health system practices were deemed crucial for HS decision-making in both cases. The study revealed significant differences in HSP levels and changes in countries’ improvement levels between their practices in 2019 and 2021. The study classifies the security levels of African countries into five clusters and provides a detailed analysis, implications, and recommendations to aid decision-makers in enhancing HS outcomes. Its results offer empirical evidence to support planning, resource allocation, and reallocation for strengthening HSP in the region.

Evaluation of flipped classroom teaching quality for civil engineering courses

The impact of civil engineering course education on civil engineers is profound and crucial. Due to the hierarchical and ambiguous nature of quality assessment for flipped classroom teaching, there is an urgent demand for a rational and effective approach to conduct such assessments. This would enable the targeted formulation of instructional improvement methods based on assessment outcomes, ultimately elevating the quality of pedagogy. This study combines the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy evaluation method. The fuzzy evaluation method is utilized to identify four primary evaluation factor sets, fourteen secondary judgment factor sets, and five evaluation outcome sets, with subsequent quantification of the assessment results. The analytic hierarchy process is employed to ascertain the weight coefficients of the evaluation factors. The comprehensive assessment model for flipped classroom teaching quality is established. The assessment results indicate that the overall quality of flipped classroom teaching in the civil engineering major at Anhui University of Science and Technology, conducted through the platform of Superstar Learning Hub, falls within the ‘Good’ category. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation score for extracurricular learning quality is the lowest, and the weight proportion attributed to flipped classroom infrastructure is the highest. Consequently, several targeted improvement measures are proposed to enhance the quality of flipped classroom teaching.

Variation in Nitrogen Utilization and Nutrient Composition across Various Organs under Different Strip Logging Management Models in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) Forest.

The rapid restoration and renewal of the moso bamboo logging zone after strip logging has emerged as a key research area, particularly regarding whether nutrient accumulation and utilization in reserve zones can aid in the restoration and regeneration of the logging zone. In this study, a dynamic 15N isotope tracking experiment was conducted by injecting labeled urea fertilizer into bamboo culms. Logging zones and reserve zones of 6 m, 8 m, and 10 m widths were established. The conventional selective logging treatment served as a control (Con). Measurements were taken in May and October to assess the differences in nitrogen accumulation ability, utilization rates, and nutrient content across different organs in bamboo forests at different growth stages and under different treatments. Principal component analysis was conducted to evaluate and determine the importance of each indicator and strip logging treatment comprehensively. The results showed that various bamboo organs exhibited higher nitrogen accumulation and utilization rates during the peak growth period compared to the late growth period. Leaves had the highest nitrogen accumulation and utilization rates than the other organs. The average C content in various bamboo organs under different logging treatments exhibited subtle differences, irrespective of variation in logging width treatments. Bamboo culm exhibited the highest carbon accumulation. The C content in various bamboo organs was higher during the peak growth period than in the late growth period. The nitrogen content peaked in the leaves during the two growth stages and was significantly higher compared to the other organs. Most bamboo organs in the logging zones exhibited relatively higher nitrogen content than in the reserve zone and Con group. The P content was highest in bamboo leaves compared with other organs across the different strip logging treatments. Principal component analysis revealed relatively high absolute values of the coefficients for the C content, bamboo stump C content, and culm Ndff%. Log8 and Res10 zones had the highest comprehensive evaluation scores, indicating that Log8 and Res10 had the best effect on the promotion of nitrogen utilization and nutrient accumulation in various organs of moso bamboo.

Multi-objective optimisation research of ship form in waves based on Kernel principal component analysis

ABSTRACT In the process of multi-objective optimisation design of ship forms, subjective weighting methods rely on experts’ experience and have a certain impact on the scientificity of results. The objective weighting method can effectively solve this drawback and reduce the interference of human factors. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimisation design programme for ship forms based on KPCA method, and constructs a multi-objective optimisation design framework. In this paper, the KPCA method is used to calculate the contribution rate of each indicator for objective weighting, give the comprehensive evaluation score of the optimal solution set and make decisions, solve the technical drawbacks of subjective weighting, and obtain a satisfactory optimal hull form. The results show that the automatic multi-objective optimisation design method proposed in this paper has certain engineering application value, and can provide theoretical basis and technical support for green design and manufacturing of ships.

Influence of different indica rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica Kato) flours on the quality and flavor characteristics of fermented rice cakes

AbstractBackgrounds and ObjectivesFermented rice cake is a common traditional fermented food in China with a crystal clear color, unique flavor, dense honeycomb structure, and soft and delicate texture. As its raw materials are not uniform, different batches often have poor product quality stability and different volatile flavor components. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of different indica rice flours on processing adaptability and their impacts on the flavor characteristics.FindingsThe results show that the seven indica rice flours have significantly different basic compositions and physicochemical properties (p &lt; .05). Specifically, the fermented rice cake prepared with TG2 showed a large specific volume, good elasticity, bright color, high volatile flavor compound contents, and the maximum comprehensive sensory evaluation score. Additionally, partial least squares discriminant analysis was conducted, and three volatile compounds were identified with variable importance for the projection &gt;1 and odor activity value &gt;1 as the criteria, namely, ethanol, styrene, and phenethyl alcohol, which played major roles in forming the overall aroma of fermented rice cakes.ConclusionsThe texture, color, and sensory score of fermented rice cakes are closely related to the basic components of the indica rice flour, and the most popular fermented rice cakes have a specific volume of no less than 2 mL/g, an L* of above 78, and a TPA‐tested elasticity of about 3 mm.Significance and NoveltyThis study may help improve the processing of fermented rice cakes and provide a theoretical basis for their production and flavor control.

Questionnaire survey on hands-on simulation training using a dental humanoid robot (SIMROID®).

A dental humanoid robot, SIMROID®, is able to replicate the actions characteristic of human beings and enable training for communicating with patients and coping with unexpected situations. This study assessed user experiences via a survey questionnaire following hands-on training on the SIMROID®. A total of 112 participants, consisting of 50 high school students who visited AUSD (Asahi University School of Dentistry) to participate in open campus events, 42 fourth-year students at AUSD and 20 dental students from Mexico State Autonomy University, University of Siena and Peking University took the survey. The participants observed the movements and reactions of a SIMROID® robot placed on a dental unit for approximately 20 min after which they completed a questionnaire survey. Both Japanese and English versions of the questionnaire were prepared for local and visiting foreign dental students. The questionnaire comprised 8 items, with a further two items for those undertaking dental training and an open comment field. All participants who observed the SIMROID® completed the questionnaire giving a 100% response rate. Generally, simulation training with SIMROID® was highly appreciated by all participants. The comprehensive evaluation score for SIMROID® was 4.56 ± 0.50 points for high school students, 4.05 ± 0.82 points for students at AUSD and 4.70 ± 0.47 points for foreign dental students, showing all participants had a very positive experience and impression of the SIMROID®. Therefore, simulation training using SIMROID® seems beneficial learning tool.

Effect of Pre-Harvest Calcium Treatment on Post-Harvest Fruit Quality of Nanfeng Tangerine

To investigate the effect of calcium (Ca) application on post-harvest fruit quality in Nanfeng tangerines, this study sprayed three calcium fertilizers (Calbit, Larry 8 Calcium, and Suspended Calcium) before harvesting. The fruit quality was assessed over a storage period of 0–60 d at a controlled room temperature of 20 ± 5 °C. The evaluation methods included principal component analysis (PCA) and linearly weighted summation. Pre-harvest calcium treatments increased the fruit calcium content and maintained higher firmness and shear. Compared to the control group, fruits treated with Calbit exhibited decreased levels of decay, weight loss, and respiration rates. Additionally, they demonstrated higher values of L*, b*, C*, and H° and lower values of a* and CCI. Moreover, the Larry 8 Calcium and Calbit treatments increased the levels of soluble solids, total soluble sugars, titratable acids, and VC content in the fruit. They accelerated the decomposition of tartaric, oxalic, and citric acids in the pulp, promoting the accumulation of sucrose and glucose. PCA and comprehensive evaluation scores indicated that the comprehensive scores assessing the storage quality of Nanfeng tangerine fruits treated with pre-harvest Larry 8 Calcium and Calbit were higher than those of the control group. The highest composite quality scores for Calbit-treated fruits were observed at 40 and 60 d, and the highest scores for Larry 8 Calcium were recorded at other intervals. These findings suggest that pre-harvest calcium application improved the post-harvest fruit quality of Nanfeng tangerines, with Larry 8 Calcium and Calbit emerging as favorable options.

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polyphenols from Salvia deserta Schang flowers based on response surface methodology and deep neural network and analysis of its in vitro antioxidant activities

This study aims to establish the optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction for active compounds from Salvia deserta Schang flowers. The effect of ultrasonic time, ratio of liquid to material, ethanol concentration, and ultrasonic power on the extraction efficiency of total polyphenols and three phenolic compounds (e.g., rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and protocatechuic acid was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) and deep neural network (DNN) model was performed to find out the optimum extraction conditions to maximize the output using a comprehensive evaluation score in parallel. Compared with the DNN model, the optimal working conditions of the extraction procedures based on the RSM model achieves the maximum yield of active components in S. deserta Schang flowers while requiring a shorter extraction time, lower energy consumption, and greater cost effectiveness. The optimal extraction process for the active components of S. deserta Schang flowers was determined as follows: 39 min of ultrasonic time, 1:37 (g/mL) ratio of liquid to material, 55% ethanol concentration, and 200 W of ultrasonic power. Additionally, S. deserta Schang flowers exhibited promising antioxidative activity, which was verified through several in vitro antioxidant trials, including DPPH, ABTS, ·OH, and phosphomolybdate method, suggesting their remarkable antioxidant capacity. This findings contribute effective, sustainable and valuable insights into the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of valuable compounds from S. deserta Schang flower, and the more biological activity of compounds from S. deserta Schang flower remains to be further investigated.

The Dynamic Evolution of Chinese-style Modernization Level Measurement

This paper begins with a literature review and then develops an index system through a systematic analysis of the theoretical logic and realistic features of Chinese-style modernization. The study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the panel data of 31 Chinese provinces (municipalities) from 2012 to 2021. The entropy-weighted TOPSIS method is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation scores of each region in each year and rank them. The study also examines the temporal evolution pattern of the level of Chinese-style modernization in each region, as well as the regional differences, using methods such as Thai Kernel Kernel Density Estimation. The empirical results indicate that the eastern region is leading the country in terms of modernization level. The central region and the three northeastern provinces have similar modernization levels, but the overall level of the central region has increased over the decade, while the northeastern region has shown a decline. The economic modernization construction in the western region faces a contradiction as the region has a relatively small economic scale, a low level of industrial structure, and has not yet transformed its economic construction kinetic energy. This highlights the need for improvement in the region's overall level to keep up with the path of modernization. Based on this, this paper presents policy recommendations aimed at promoting economic development, innovation and entrepreneurship, strengthening social security, and advancing urban-rural integration. The goal is to comprehensively improve China's level of Chinese-style modernization.

A Better Fruit Quality of Grafted Blueberry Than Own-Rooted Blueberry Is Linked to Its Anatomy.

To further clarify the impact of different rootstocks in grafted blueberry, fruit quality, mineral contents, and leaf gas exchange were investigated in 'O'Neal' blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) grafted onto 'Anna' (V. corymbosum) (AO), 'Sharpblue' (V. corymbosum) (SO), 'Baldwin' (V. virgatum) (BO), 'Plolific' (V. virgatum) (PO), and 'Tifblue' (V. virgatum) (TO) rootstocks and own-rooted 'O'Neal' (NO), and differences in anatomic structures and drought resistance were determined in AO, TO, and NO. The findings revealed that fruit quality in TO and PO was excellent, that of BO and SO was good, and that of AO and NO was medium. 'Tifblue' and 'Plolific' rootstocks significantly increased the levels of leaf phosphorus and net photosynthetic rate of 'O'Neal', accompanied by a synchronous increase in their transpiration rates, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2. Additionally, the comprehensive evaluation scores from a principal component analysis based on anatomic structure traits from high to low were in the order TO > AO > NO. The P50 (xylem water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity) values of these grafted plants descended in the order NO > AO > TO, and the branch hydraulic conductivity of TO and sapwood hydraulic conductivity of TO and AO were significantly lower than those of NO. Thus, TO plants exhibited the strongest drought resistance, followed by AO, and NO, and this trait was related to the effects of different rootstocks on the fruit quality of 'O'Neal' blueberry. These results provided a basis for a deeper understanding of the interaction between rootstocks and scions, as well mechanisms to improve blueberry fruit quality.

Bacterial inoculants and enzymes based silage cocktails boost the ensiling quality of biomasses from reed, corn and rice straw

This study investigated the effects of bacterial inoculants and enzyme-based silage cocktails on the dynamics of fermentation, microbiome, and nutritional value of silages produced from low-quality biomasses of reed, rice, and corn straw. A 90-day ensiling trial was performed using five distinct combinations of six basal bacterial species (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida utilis) and three basal enzymes (xylanase, β-mannanase, and glucanase). Each type of biomass was ensiled with six different treatments, including the Control treatment without an ensiling agent, the basal silage cocktail treatment (Mesa), and Mesa with a double dose of A. niger (MesaA), B. subtilis (MesaB), C. utilis (MesaC) and glucanase (MesaG). The “Mesa” contained (per kg silage), 1.0 × 106 CFU of L. plantarum, 1.4 × 107 CFU L. buchneri, 3.0 × 105 CFU P. pentosaceus, 8.0 × 108 CFU A. niger, 1.6 × 106 CFU B. subtilis and 1.0 × 109 CFU C. utilis, three enzymes (5.0 × 104 U xylanase, 2.5 × 103 U β-mannanase, and 1.0 × 104 U glucanase), and 20 mL molasses. Addition of the silage cocktails significantly improved the fermentation and nutritional quality of the reed, corn, and rice straw silages. Notably, the silage cocktails increased (P < 0.01) the contents of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), lactic acid (LA), ratio of LA to total acids and ensiling comprehensive evaluation scores, and decreased (P < 0.01) the contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and pH of reed, corn, and rice straw silages. Regarding the silage microbiome, silage cocktails decreased the relative abundance of Enterobacter and Rahnella1, and increased the relative abundance of Leuconostoc. A. niger, and B. subtilis had a strong positive correlation with CP, EE, GE and Lactobacillus, and a negative correlation with pH, Rhizobium, and Rahnella1 in reed, corn and rice straw silages. In comparison, C. utilis had a strong positive correlation with EE, and a negative correlation with pH, Rhizobium, Stenotrophomonas, and Rahnella1. Glucanase was positively correlated with LA, EE and GE, and negatively correlated with pH and Rahnella1. Silage quality characteristics and microbiome did not differ (P > 0.05) due to the composition of silage cocktails. Based on the comprehensive membership function analysis, the silage comprehensive evaluation scores were highest for double doses of B. subtilis and glucanase for reed, corn, and rice straw. This study revealed that silage cocktails upgraded straw silage fermentation and nutritional quality, and provided a practical solution for the optimal utilization of low-quality straw biomass.Graphical

Comprehensive evaluation of energy consumption and carbon emissions of asphalt pavement recycling technology

To assess the energy saving and emission reduction effects of recycling technology, the quantitative analysis of energy consumption and carbon emission of recycled asphalt pavement is conducted of asphalt mixture production, transportation, paving and compaction. Firstly, the calculation model for energy consumption and carbon emissions of recycled asphalt pavement is established during the construction stage. In addition, the energy consumption and carbon emission of four recycling technologies, including the HCPR, HIR, CCPR and CIR, were compared. Finally, the FCE method is used to evaluate the actual effect of energy saving and emission reduction from the perspectives of the ecological benefit and the economic benefit. The research results indicate the most serious stage of energy consumption is the new material production stage, and the most serious stage of carbon emission is the asphalt mixture production stage of recycled asphalt pavement. Taking the HCPR technology as an example are calculated in detail. The energy consumption of the HCPR technology in the four stages of the construction stage was 17.59 MJ, 344.45 MJ, 228.51 MJ and 25.85 MJ, respectively, and the emissions in the four stages of the construction stage were 1307.89 g, 5971.28 g, 19,251.24 g and 1949.82 g, respectively. For different recycling technologies in the construction stage, the energy-saving ratios of HCPR, HIR and CCPR are 13.62%, 9.61% and 19.24% respectively when compared with the typical scheme, which have a certain energy-saving effect. However, the energy consumption of CIR reduced by 43.63%, which the energy saving effect is most significant. Moreover, the emission reduction ratios of HCPR, HIR and CCPR are 2.3%, 9.23% and 1.01% respectively when compared with the typical scheme, the emission of CIR reduced by 30.76%, so the emission reduction effect of CIR is most significant. Furthermore, the comprehensive evaluation score of the CIR technology with the most significant energy saving and emission reduction effect is 0.8021 in terms of ' ecological benefits ' and 0.8074 in terms of ' economic benefits '. In summary, it is recommended to adopt CIR technology in the engineering project, which can achieve the most significant energy-saving and emission reduction effects.