Comprehensive Evaluation Score Research Articles

Optimisation and Quality Evaluation of Teaching Models in Primary and Secondary Schools Based on Deep Learning

Abstract This paper examines the concept of deep learning and evaluates the quality of teaching models in primary and secondary schools. Based on the comprehensive evaluation application of fuzzy theory, the fuzzy model is established, the evaluation index scheme is selected, and the quality evaluation model of primary and secondary school teaching mode is constructed. The evaluation index system is divided into indexes, and the weights of indexes are calculated, and the first-level indexes are divided into teaching content, teaching management, teaching effect, and teaching attitude. Calculate the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation score of primary and secondary school teaching mode and adjust the primary and secondary school teaching mode based on the score. The final score of a comprehensive evaluation of teaching mode is 4.32, teaching content Q 1 = 4.33, teaching attitude Q 2 = 4.26, teaching management Q 3 = 4.43, and teaching effect Q 4 = 4.05. In the quality evaluation of primary and secondary school teaching mode, teaching management > teaching content > teaching attitude > teaching effect.

Research on the Innovation of Path of Nurturing Education for Ethnic Minority Students in Service Colleges and Universities in the Context of Big Data

Abstract This paper firstly discusses the special name of ethnic minority students’ formation education in colleges and universities under the background of big data, analyzes the influencing factors of formation education, and puts forward the 1535 innovative education model of formation education in colleges and universities. Secondly, based on the innovative education model, the evaluation index system of nurturing education was constructed, the triangular fuzzy number was introduced to optimize the hierarchical analysis method, and the weights of the indexes were determined by using TNFAHP. Finally, an empirical analysis was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the 1535 education model in nurturing education and the evaluation index system. The results show that the path of ethnic minority students in colleges and universities can be coordinated through the development of living habits, learning habits, and civilized habits, and the comprehensive evaluation score of the Adult Education 1535 education model is 80.57 points. This shows that the 1535 education model can effectively promote the formation of education for ethnic minority students and improve their study habits, civilized quality, and life etiquette.

Cross-cultural tourism on tourists’ generalized anxiety disorder in the context of internationalization

BackgroundWith the continuous development of globalization, the internationalization of tourism has become an important trend in today’s society. More and more people are choosing to travel abroad to experience the diversity of different countries and cultures. However, when most tourists travel, they will inevitably have anxiety due to a variety of factors such as worrying about the quality of the tour, whether the plane is delayed, whether the diet is customary, and so on.Subjects and Methods This paper is to further understand and study the influence of cross-cultural tourism on tourists’ generalized anxiety disorder, and improve tourists’ travel experience and mental health. In this study, 50 tourists with generalized anxiety disorder were selected as experimental subjects. Among them, 25 tourists were in the experimental group who received cross-cultural tourism treatment, and 25 tourists were in the control group that received traditional psychological treatment. The treatment period was 3 months for both groups.ResultsThe results were measured using anxiety items from the Stanford Acute Stress Response Questionnaire (SASRQ). The higher the score, the more severe the anxiety. The experimental results showed that the anxiety symptoms of tourists in the experimental group were generally reduced, and their mental health was greatly improved, with a comprehensive evaluation score of 9 points, while some tourists in the control group had poor treatment effects, with a comprehensive score of 15 points.ConclusionsCross-cultural tourism in the context of internationalization has a positive therapeutic effect on tourists’ generalized anxiety disorder.

A study of investment decision behavior based on risk analysis

Abstract Risk analysis of investment decision-making behavior is to improve the ability to prevent investment risks in order to guarantee the success rate of investment decisions. In this paper, the risk evaluation level is determined by calculating the correlation degree of risk indicators through the establishment of the material topology matrix, and the gray evaluation coefficients are determined by using the gray correlation analysis of the whitening weight function to construct the gray evaluation model. The risk index factors and the overall gray evaluation were analyzed by using the material topology model and the gray evaluation model. From the physical topology evaluation, the market risk correlation is −0.00825, which means the special level risk. From the grey comprehensive evaluation score, the overall evaluation score is 6.884 overall risk level is medium grade line. This shows that using the model constructed in this paper can effectively realize the risk analysis of investment decisions and provide a guidance basis for investors to take effective measures for different types of risks.

Improved deep learning based multi‐index comprehensive evaluation system for the research on accuracy and real‐time performance of coal gangue particles recognition

AbstractThe problems of insufficient recognition accuracy, poor real‐time performance and lack of consideration of actual working conditions in the process of intelligent construction of coal mines make this technology still in the research stage and not applied in practical engineering. The purpose of this paper is to establish an accurate and real‐time recognition model, which can quickly distinguish the vibration acceleration signals of coal and gangue under the influence of external factors such as impact position, velocity, and direction by using the different physical properties of coal and gangue particles. Therefore, the accuracy and real‐time of coal gangue recognition model established by different convolutional neural networks (CNN) structures and different position signal input are studied. First, to meet the real‐time requirements, an original CNN recognition model composed of single convolution layer and single pooling layer is established, and the data collected by seven sensors are input in the form of two‐dimensional matrix. However, the stability of the training and test results is insufficient. To solve this problem, once improved CNN (OI‐CNN) recognition model with multiconvolution layers and multipooling layers is built by deepening the network. The experimental results show that the stability and accuracy are improved, but the real‐time performance is poor. Furthermore, through parameter adjustment, the OI‐CNN is changed to the twice improved CNN (TI‐CNN), and the sensor data at different positions are input in the form of one‐dimensional vectors. The results show that the accuracy and real‐time performance of the TI‐CNN coal gangue recognition model are further improved. Finally, according to the research purpose of this paper, the weights of CNN indexes are given, and a multi‐index comprehensive evaluation system (MICES) is established. With the original CNN recognition model as the control, the OI‐CNN recognition model and the TI‐CNN recognition model at different positions are quantitatively compared to obtain the comprehensive evaluation scores of each model. The results show that the MICES of the coal gangue recognition model established based on the TI‐CNN structure and the data input of a single position sensor is the highest, while the sensor position has little effect on the recognition results.

Evaluation of Energy Storage Station Based on the Optimal Weighting Method

The energy storage station is playing an increasingly important role in supporting new power systems. How to scientifically and effectively evaluate the application effect of energy storage stations is an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, a multi-indicator evaluation model for energy storage stations is established. An improved fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA) with optimal weight is applied to actual energy storage stations. Using the energy storage station monitoring platform, comprehensive evaluation scores of demonstrated energy storage stations are obtained. The support effect of energy storage stations on the power grid is evaluated from three aspects: performance, operational reliability, and energy efficiency. The higher the evaluation score, the stronger the energy storage regulation ability, and the more significant the active support to the power grid.

Spectrum–effect relationship combined with bioactivity evaluation to discover the main anxiolytic active components of Baihe Dihuang decoction

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAnxiety disorders leads to a decline in quality of life and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The Baihe Dihuang decoction (BDD) is a classic Chinese medical formula that has been widely used to treat anxiety disorders for thousands of years in China. However, the pharmacodynamic material that is responsible for the antianxiety of BDD remains unclear. Aim of the studyTo screen the main ingredients of anti-anxiety in BDD based on the establishment of spectrum-effect relationship and verified experiment. MethodsThe UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique was utilized to establish fingerprints of various fractions of BDD and identify the main compounds. The anti-anxiety effects of BDD were comprehensively evaluated through multiple assessments, including the open field test, elevated plus maze test, and neurotransmitters tests. Then, the spectrum-effect relationship was established through Pearson correlation analysis, gray correlation analysis, orthogonal partial least squares regression analysis. The spectrum-effect relationship results were confirmed through various measures on an anxiety condition cell model, induced by a corticosterone and lipopolysaccharide intervention. These measures included assessing neuronal cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, synaptic damage, and the expression of neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors. ResultsIn the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS fingerprint, 46 common peaks were identified. The pharmacological results indicated that different fractions of BDD have strong effects on improving anxiety-like behavior and regulating neurotransmitters. Among them, butanol fraction has the highest comprehensive evaluation score of anti-anxiety efficacy, which is main active fraction of BDD for anti-anxiety. The analysis of the spectrum-effect relationship revealed that the 46 peaks exhibited varying degrees of correlation with the anti-anxiety efficacy indicators of BDD. Among them, 14 components have a high correlation with the anti-anxiety efficacy indicators, which may be the potential anti-anxiety efficacy components of BDD. The in vitro activity verification of active components verified our prediction, regaloside A, B, C, D, H, acteoside, and isoacteoside improved neuronal cell viability, cell morphology, apoptosis, and synaptic damage. Additionally, regaloside A, B, C, D, H and acteoside regulated the neurotransmitter levels, while regaloside A, B, C, D, acteoside and isoacteoside inhibited the levels of inflammatory cytokines. ConclusionThe butanol fraction was found to be the main active fraction of BDD, and 14 compounds were the major anxiolytic active components. The results of verifying the major active components were consistent with the predicted results of the spectrum-effect analysis. The developed spectrum-effect analysis in this study demonstrates high accuracy and reliability for screening active components in TCMs.

Research on the Outgoing Audit and Evaluation of Water Resource Assets of Leadership Cadres in City Y

The outgoing audit of water resource assets of leading cadres is key to promoting the management of water resource assets and investigating the responsibility for water environment damage. This paper is based on the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals related to water resource management and natural asset green accounting. It constructs an evaluation index system for the outgoing audit and evaluation of water resource assets from four dimensions: resource, environment, society, and economy. The paper combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the initial comparison scoring method to comprehensively assess the water resource management performance of the former mayor of City Y in the Yellow River Basin during 2018–2020. The Barrier Degree Model is also utilized to identify the main influencing factors. The results indicate the following: (1) the constructed index system covers critical aspects of the outgoing audit and can comprehensively reflect the leadership cadres’ responsibilities in water resource management. (2) The comprehensive evaluation score of the former mayor of City Y during 2018–2020 is 85.66, falling within the “relatively good” range but not reaching the “excellent” standard. This suggests that, although progress has been made in water resource asset management, some issues remain. (3) At the index level, the top three factors influencing the comprehensive evaluation of the former mayor’s water resource management performance in City Y are the proportion of ammonia nitrogen emissions (9.86%), per capita water resource (9.38%), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) emissions (8.93%). At the criterion level, the environmental dimension has the most significant impact on the overall evaluation results, accounting for 42.43%. The practical application of the evaluation index system in City Y can serve as a reference for improving the regulatory framework for leadership cadres’ water resource assets in other regions and provide valuable insights for international exchange in water resource management practices.

Optimization of the Ginkgo Wine Fermentation Process and Influence of Fermentation Starter Types on the Brewing Flavor

Ginkgo biloba seed (GBS) contains rich nutrients, such as starch, protein, oil, and trace components, such as flavonoids and terpene lactones. Due to its high protein content, it can be used as a raw material for fermentation and brewing. In this study, GBS was selected as the object of a fermentation process optimization test. Six kinds of fermentation starter were selected to brew ginkgo wine. The results showed that different fermentation starters have significant impacts on the composition of the wine. The yeast group had higher total sugar content and comprehensive evaluation scores than the Jiuqu group, while the total acid and total free amino acid contents showed the opposite result. The total flavonoid and total terpene lactone contents of the yeast group were 21.0% and 12.8% higher than those of the Jiuqu group, respectively. However, the 4′-O-methylpyridoxine (MPN) and 4′-O-methylpyridoxine-5′-glucoside (MPNG) contents of the yeast group were also 12.6% and 2.3% higher than those of the Jiuqu group, respectively. The common volatile components in the two groups of samples were isoamyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, ethyl octanoate, and phenethyl acetate. The antioxidant capacity of ginkgo wine fermented by yeast was significantly higher than that of the Jiuqu group sample.

Construction of sustainable development professional cluster in private universities based on data mining model

Abstract Professional cluster construction is the change of professional development mode in the context of current social development, and it is the innovation of internal construction and intensive management of private colleges and universities. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the maximum expectation algorithm in big data mining, proposes to optimize the parameter estimation iteration by using the Monte Carlo method for the problem that the stable point of the EM algorithm does not necessarily reach the global optimum, uses the sample mean instead of the overall mean, and further proposes MCEM acceleration algorithm to improve the convergence speed of the parameter estimation iteration. The evaluation score of the audit professional group construction in internal business process management of school A is 3.21, that of the software technology professional group construction in the learning and growth dimension of school B is 3.45, that of the Chinese medicine professional group construction in developing core competitiveness dimension of school C is 2.87. The comprehensive evaluation score of the construction of the industrial robotics professional group in school D is 3.33. The mining evaluation of professional cluster construction based on big data can precisely locate the key factors of professional cluster construction in private colleges and universities, which is of reference significance for the sustainable development of professional cluster construction in colleges and universities.

Assessment of Ecological Benefits of Urban Green Spaces in Nanjing City, China, Based on the Entropy Method and the Coupling Harmonious Degree Model

Urban green spaces (UGSs) are an important spatial carrier for carbon sequestration in the national land space. The urban ecosystem is a highly harmonious composite ecosystem of nature, society, and the economy. Therefore, this study constructed an evaluation system of the UGS ecological benefit based on two subsystems–the natural environment and the social economy–in order to quantitatively evaluate the construction level of the UGS ecological benefit in Nanjing City and to reveal its temporal evolution characteristics. The entropy method was applied to assess the ecological benefits of UGSs in Nanjing City, China, from 2011 to 2020. The coupling harmonious degree model was utilized to analyze the dynamic coordination relations among subsystems. The Robust regression analysis was used to verify the evaluation results. The results showed that: (i) Between 2011 and 2020, UGS ecological benefits in Nanjing City exhibited a substantial and consistent upward trend. (ii) Between 2011 and 2020, the coupling harmonious degree among the subsystems of UGS ecological benefits in Nanjing City showed an overall rising trend of fluctuation. With the enhancing of the coupling harmonious degree among the subsystems of UGSs, the ecological benefit of UGSs will be significantly improved. (iii) The comprehensive evaluation score of the social and economic subsystem of UGS in Nanjing City was higher than that of the natural environment subsystem; this highlights the significant constraints posed by the natural environment on the construction of UGSs in Nanjing City. The research conclusion provides a decision basis for realizing the collaborative optimization of the natural environment and the social economy in Nanjing City and further promotes the sustainable development of the UGS ecological environment.

Online Evaluation Method for Carbon Performance of Coal Mines Owned by the Coal Industry Group based on Combination of Subjective and Objective Weights

An online evaluation method for carbon performance of coal mines owned by the coal industry group based on combination of subjective and objective weights is proposed. Firstly, the evaluation method for carbon performance of coal mines owned by the coal industry group based on combination of subjective and objective weights is proposed: (1) The index system of carbon performance evaluation of coal mines owned by the coal industry group is constructed. (2) The objective weight of each index is obtained by entropy weight method. (3) The subjective weight of each index is obtained by Delphi method. (4) The comprehensive weight of each index is obtained by weighted average method. (5) The score of each index of each coal mine is obtained by linear interpolation method. (6) The comprehensive evaluation score of each coal mine is obtained by weighted average method. Secondly, taking Sql server as the database management system, ASP and C# as the development language, Dreamweaver and Visual Studio as the development platform, the system of carbon performance evaluation of coal mines owned by the coal industry group based on B/S structure is designed, and the system can realize online evaluation for carbon performance of coal mines. Finally, the application analysis results show that the method can ensure the objectivity of carbon performance evaluation of coal mines, greatly improve the efficiency of evaluation, and realize sharing and comparison of the evaluation results.

Evaluating the effects of plastic film mulching duration on soil nitrogen dynamic and comprehensive benefit for corn (Zea mays L.) field

Regulating the plastic film mulching duration was a good strategy to decrease plastic residues and to avoid the stress from low soil nitrate concentration (SNC). However, few studies focused on soil nitrogen dynamic under different mulching durations, especially for the impacts of soil nitrogen loss on crop yield and comprehensive benefits have not been revealed. In this study, HYDRUS (2D/3D) model was used to evaluate the differences of SNC and NO3-N leaching (NL) under no mulching (NM), mulching for the seedling stage (PMS), mulching for the elongation stage (PME), mulching for the tasseling stage (PMT), and mulching for the entire corn growth season (PMW). Additionally, a two-year (2019–2020) field experiment was carried out to measure SNC, NL, N2O, and NH3 emissions and to calibrate and validate the model accuracy. The effect of soil nitrogen loss on the comprehensive benefits under different mulching durations was further analyzed using a comprehensive multi-objective model. The results showed that HYDRUS (2D/3D) could well capture SNC dynamic under different mulching treatments, with average the normalized root mean square error of 16.5% in the validation period. There was no apparent difference in SNC, N2O emission, NH3 emission, and NL under different mulching durations in the seedling stage. However, the corresponding difference markedly increased with corn growth and development, especially in 2019. The average SNC (0–20 cm soil depth) under NM was higher by 9.2%, 25.0%, 21.2%, and 19.4% than PMS, PME, PMT, and PMW, respectively. Nitrogen emission (N2O and NH3) showed an increase trend with the shortening of mulching duration, i.e., NM>PMS>PME >PMT >PMW, while an opposite trend was found for NL. In general, PME was found to be the optimal mulching duration with the highest comprehensive evaluation score of 1782.7. Therefore, PME can be recommended to apply in this region to promote the developments of sustainable agriculture.

Correlation Evaluation and Schematic Analysis of Influencing Factors Affecting Pore and Fracture Connectivity on the Microscale and Their Application Discussion in Coal Reservoir Based on X-ray CT Data.

The connectivity of the pore/fracture system is the key to CO2 injection and CH4 production, which is of great significance in analyzing the correlation and weight of the influencing factors affecting the connectivity on the microscale. First, the 3D reconstruction of the coal reservoir is realized. Second, the characteristic parameters of pore/fracture structures are analyzed. Next, the characteristics of absolute permeability are analyzed, and then the correlation and weight analysis of the influencing factors are realized. Finally, the schematic analysis and application discussion of the influencing factors are carried out. The results show that porosity is the key factor restricting fluid migration. The heterogeneity of the reservoir can be characterized by the volume changes of the pore/fracture, organic matter, and mineral. The interconnected pores/fractures are mainly distributed in sheets and bands. The coordination number ranges from 1 to 15. The Ferret diameter is 0-10 μm. The tortuosity is 2.27111, 1.9034, 3.98522, and 3.51516, respectively, and the Euler characteristic number is 0.931868, 0.974719, 0.921144, and 0.897697, respectively. The permeability of the SH and YW samples is higher than that of the RL and PY samples. The single weight of the influencing factor is as follows: coordination number > Ferret diameter > Euler characteristic number > porosity > tortuosity. The analysis area of the comprehensive evaluation score of the influencing factors and the permeability value can be divided into three grades. There is a positive correlation among the coordination number, the quantity equilibrium of pores and throats, and the connectivity. The shape factor gradually increases with the increase of the Ferret diameter. The reservoir permeability is indirectly characterized by the coordination number, Ferret diameter, tortuosity, Euler characteristic number, and shape factor. This study can provide new ideas for clarifying the correlation degree and weight value of the characteristic parameters and can enrich the development of 3D digital core and CO2-ECBM technology.

Effects of combined nitrogen and phosphorus application on protein fractions and nonstructural carbohydrate of alfalfa.

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization significantly affect alfalfa production and chemical composition; however, the effect of combined N and P application on protein fractions and the nonstructural carbohydrate content of alfalfa is not fully understood. This two-year study investigated the effects of N and P fertilization on the protein fractions, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), and alfalfa hay yield. Field experiments were carried out using two nitrogen application rates (N60, 60 and N120, 120 kg N ha - 1) and four phosphorus application rates (P0, 0; P50, 50; P100, 100; and P150, 150 kg P ha - 1), total 8 treatment (N60P0, N60P50, N60P100, N60P150, N120P0, N120P50, N120P100 and N120P150). Alfalfa seeds were sown in the spring of 2019, uniformly managed for alfalfa establishment, and tested in the spring of 2021-2022. Results indicated that P fertilization significantly increased the hay yield (3.07-13.43% ranges), crude protein (6.79-9.54%), non-protein nitrogen of crude protein (fraction A) (4.09-6.40%), and NSC content (11.00-19.40%) of alfalfa under the same treatment of N application (p < 0.05), whereas non-degradable protein (fraction C) decreased significantly (6.85-13.30%, p < 0.05). Moreover, increasing N application resulted in a linear increase the content of non-protein N (NPN) (4.56-14.09%), soluble protein (SOLP) (3.48-9.70%), and neutral detergent-insoluble protein (NDIP) (2.75-5.89%) (p < 0.05), whereas acid detergent-insoluble protein (ADIP) content was significantly decreased (0.56-5.06%, p < 0.05). The regression equations for nitrogen and phosphorus application indicated a quadratic relationship between yield and forage nutritive values. Meanwhile, the comprehensive evaluation scores of NSC, nitrogen distribution, protein fractions, and hay yield by principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the N120P100 treatment had the highest score. Overall, 120 kg N ha - 1 coupled with 100 kg P ha - 1 (N120P100) promoted the growth and development of perennial alfalfa, increased soluble nitrogen compounds and total carbohydrate content, and reduced protein degradation, thus improving the alfalfa hay yield and nutritional quality.

Study on spatial variability evaluation of hydrometeorological elements based on TOPSIS model

The spatial variability evaluation of hydrometeorological elements under the impact of climate change and human activities is important for the water utilization and management in the river basin. In this study, a case study is conducted in the Daqing River Basin (DQRB) of China. The spatial variability index system is constructed in the DQRB, and the spatial variability characteristics are comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by geostatistical method and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) model. The results show that (1) the nugget-to-sill ratios of the models selected for different hydrometeorological elements in plain and mountain areas are all less than 75%, indicating that the spatial structure of hydrometeorological elements has moderate or strong spatial autocorrelation (SPA). Moreover, the spatial heterogeneity is strongly influenced by structural property (STP). (2) The variability is mainly caused by variability component (VAC) and anisotropy (ANI), and the variability intensity (VAI) is the least likely to occur in the spatial variability. (3) The hydrometeorological elements in plain and mountain areas are mainly characterized by moderate or moderate-strong spatial variability. Meanwhile, the temperature and evaporation in plain area are more likely to have strong spatial variability, with comprehensive evaluation scores of 0.691 and 0.634, respectively. It shows that the effect of regional climate change is significant, and the plain area is more affected and should be paid more attention to. This study can provide a new idea for quantitatively evaluating the spatial variability of hydrometeorological elements in other regions.

Optimisation of the controlled atmosphere storage and shelf life of Lilium longiflorum

To prolong the storage period of fresh Lilium longiflorum, maintain its quality during storage, and optimise the controlled atmosphere (CA) storage parameters. In a single-factor experiment, the temperature, humidity, and O2 and CO2 concentrations were considered as primary factors affecting the CA storage of L. longiflorum. Then, a comprehensive score was optimised using a back propagation neural network combined with empirical data. Finally, experimental verification was undertaken. The optimal concentrations of O2 and CO2 were 4.5% and 3.8%, respectively. A storage temperature of 4.2°C and a relative humidity of 90% were ideal. Under these conditions, the comprehensive evaluation score for L. longiflorum was 0.8424 (P &gt; 0.05), consistent with the predicted value of 0.8372. Compared to ordinary cold storage, the storage period of L. longiflorum under these CA storage conditions was effectively prolonged. This provided an experimental basis for the CA storage of L. longiflorum.

Research on ecological evaluation of vegetable industry based on comprehensive evaluation method

Based on the background of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, this paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system of vegetable industry ecology based on ecological efficiency. This paper use entropy method, weighted comprehensive method to analyze the ecological development of vegetable industry in Shouguang City from 2005 to 2019. The study found that : The comprehensive evaluation score showed an upward trend. The ecologicalization of vegetable industry has achieved certain results, and the comprehensive development level has been continuously improved. The growth rate of economic and social condition evaluation score is high, and the overall fluctuation of environmental condition score decreases.

Setting method of exit advance guide signs in mountainous expressway tunnel based on information quantization theory.

Driving behavior in expressway tunnels is more complicated than in common roadbed sections because of differences in illuminance, visual range, speed perception, and reaction time. To explore the setting method of exit advance guide signs in expressway tunnels and improve the effectiveness of drivers' recognition of them, we propose 12 layout forms based on information quantification theory. In experiments, UC-win/Road was used to build a simulation scene, and the recognition reaction time of 12 element combinations of exit advance guide signs of different subjects was collected through an E-Prime simulation experiment. The loading effectiveness of the signs was analyzed based on the subjective workload and comprehensive evaluation scores of different subjects. The results are the following. The width of the exit advance guide sign layout in the tunnel is negatively correlated with the height of Chinese characters and the distance between the characters and the edge of the sign. The larger the height of Chinese characters and the distance between them and the edge of the sign, the smaller the maximum layout width of the sign. Considering the driver's reaction time, subjective workload, sign recognition, amount of sign information, sign accuracy, and sign safety of 12 different information combinations, we suggest that exit advance guide signs in tunnels should be laid out as Chinese/English place name + distance + guide arrow.

Multi-frequency power thermosonication treatments of clear strawberry juice: Impact on color, bioactive compounds, flavor volatiles, microbial and polyphenol oxidase inactivation

Strawberry juice is popular among consumers for its bright color, unique flavor and rich nutrition. The aim of this study was to explore the suitable multi-frequency power thermosonication (TS) treatments to meet the requirements of microbiological safety for strawberry juice while maximizing the preservation of its quality properties. The TS treatments included 60 °C /5 min and 55 °C /15 min under dual-frequency concentrated ultrasound (DCU) and 60 °C /15 min and 55 °C /20 min under sweep-frequency divergent ultrasound (SDU). The results showed that all treatments could meet the requirements of commercial sterility (at 90 °C for 1 min). Compared with thermal processing (TP) at 90 °C for 1 min, TS treatment significantly improved the color properties of strawberry juice. SDU-60 °C and SDU-55 °C greatly retained the active ingredients in the strawberry juice. TS treatments had a stronger ability to maintain the aroma compared to TP. Especially, SDU-60 °C was the best treatment at retaining quality properties of strawberry juice with the highest comprehensive sensory evaluation score (7.68). Therefore, the results can provide scientific basis for industrial production of strawberry juice. Industrial relevanceIn the current study, results showed that TS maximized the overall quality of strawberry juice while achieving the effect of sterilization and enzyme inactivation. Among them, SDU-60 °C was the best treatment method to maintain the quality characteristics of strawberry juice, which can effectively reduce the loss of approximately 70% of total phenolic content. Thus, it provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the industrial production of strawberry juice.