Comprehensive Capacity Research Articles

EFEITO DO TREINAMENTO DE EQUILÍBRIO SOBRE A APTIDÃO FÍSICA DOS MARATONISTAS

ABSTRACT Introduction: As a comprehensive sport, Marathon presents high demands concerning the athletes’ comprehensive capacity. Objective: This paper explores to what extent balance skill training can effectively contribute to improving physical fitness for marathon runners. Methods: 120 marathon runners were selected for the pilot experiment. The experimental group received balance training, while the control group underwent no intervention. Results: In the experimental group, the time with eyes closed and feet apart increased from 33.559 ± 15.8570 to 37.203 ± 15.5865s, the time spent in the T-shaped run from 10.144 ± 0.5063s to 9.908 ± 0.5225s, the time spent in the standing long jump from 2.831 ± 0.2648m to 3.058 ± 0.3183m, and the time spent in the T-shaped run from 55.544 ± 2.2581 to 60.845 ± 2.4367 times/min. The total FMS score changed from 14.618 ± 0.9392 to 18.481 ± 1.3909. Shoulder flexibility increased from 2.777 ± 0.4756 to 2.917 ± 0.2994, and active straight knee raise changed from 2.306 ± 0.4692 to 2.803 ± 0.403. Conclusion: Daily balance training can be added to usual marathon training to improve the fitness of its athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

A Brief History of Public Health Informatics-Lessons for Leaders and a Look Into the Future.

A Brief History of Public Health Informatics-Lessons for Leaders and a Look Into the Future.

A Literature Review of Adult Students' Reading Comprehension: Inputs for Distance Education in Costa Rica

Reading comprehension is of the utmost importance in distance education since the written text still remains the prevailing way to transmit information in classes. The purpose of this paper is to describe the way in which reading comprehension of adult learners, especially university students, is documented through a literature review to generate helpful inputs for decision making in distance education in Costa Rica. A systematic literature review was carried out in three stages, which included a review protocol, Boolean operators use (AND + / OR = / NOT -), inclusion and exclusion document criteria, as well as four databases to search documents. The main finding shows that there is no official measurement unit or agreement on a parameter for reporting reading comprehension. Its measurement is done using percentages, words per minute (X̅=183,05 ± 68,92) and other indicators (statistics). Therefore, it was concluded that the actual reading comprehension capacity in distance education students is yet unknown in Costa Rica, and that it is necessary to make use of more than one input to determine reading comprehension. Also, it is necessary to explore the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for a more assertive collection of adult reading comprehension data.

Impact of social and cultural factors on incidence, transmission and control of Coronavirus disease in Iran: a qualitative study

IntroductionCOVID-19 pandemic has had mixed reactions from nations, people and governments about ways to cope with, prevent and control the disease. The current study identifies social, cultural and policy factors affecting the incidence and control of Coronavirus disease in Iran.MethodsA qualitative study consists of content analysis as well as the views of 20 experienced and knowledgeable subjects specialized in social and cultural health management. The data were gathered using three semi-structured interviews and then continued by 17 semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done using Graneheim approach. After each interview, the recorded audio files transcript and reviewed. Then codes extracted and divided to categories and sub-categories.ResultsThere are distinct social and cultural factors in coping with Coronavirus disease. These consisted of three categories of governance, individual and community related factors. A total of 17 subcategories and 215 primary codes that were extracted from the text of interviews as variables of the study and in relation to the research question. Ten subdomains of governance including vaccination, political issues, knowledge, support services, administrative services, transportation, health and treatment, culturalization, legislation and, managerial and financial policies impacted the spread and mitigation of the pandemic at various levels.ConclusionThe management of pandemics requires a comprehensive capacity for identifying and determining social and cultural criteria. A healthy partnership between governments and the community may be required to remove unnecessary obstacles that hinder public health attempt to alleviate the risk. The obtained criteria and indicators from this study may be utilized by policy makers in an attempt to strengthen protocols for mitigating pandemics. Further studies may be warranted to confirm these findings.

EVA Performance Evaluation Analysis and Improvement Path of ICBC

With the constant change of the economic environment, the state has strengthened the supervision of financial institutions, and the original monopoly pattern of commercial banks has been further broken under the change of policies. In this context, this paper analyzes the profitability of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) through its basic financial statements in the past five years, investigates its comprehensive capacity based on EVA, studies the value of commercial banks, and puts forward relevant improvement measures. This is of great significance to its sustainable development.

Lived Experiences of Teachers Implementing Online Learning: Springboard to Quality Basic Education

Public schools have turned to online education as a supplementary pedagogical technique to augment classroom instruction considering the country's widespread closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Consequently, learners must adapt to the move from face-to-face learning to fully online learning, where synchronous video conferencing, social media, and asynchronous discussion forums become their principal avenues for knowledge building. This phenomenological inquiry determined the lived experiences of public-school teachers involved in the implementation of online learning during the COVID-19 health crisis. It involved 25 public school teachers in the Schools Division Office of Ilocos Sur who were chosen using purposive sampling. The study employed an interview guide and scrutinized it using Colaizzi’s perspectives. The narrations generated four major themes: lack of knowledge towards online education, hope amidst resources constraints, challenges, and coping strategies. Teaching online classes during a crisis, was difficult for teachers because of the stress of dealing with the COVID-19 and the associated uncertainty and dread. Teachers, despite a variety of difficulties and crises, implemented coping strategies that reduces their stress and burnout. The study recommends a comprehensive capacity building towards enhancing the teacher’s competency towards online learning. Interventions to prevent teacher stress should be adapted to support their mental health and well-being.

The Effectiveness Assessment of Agricultural Subsidy Policies on Food Security: Evidence from China's Poverty-Stricken Villages.

This paper builds a theoretical model based on a representative peasant household in the neoclassical model, comprehensively considers three types of farmer households in China, and evaluates the effects of the agricultural subsidy policy under equilibrium conditions. Based on the two bottom lines of guaranteeing China's grain security and ensuring no large-scale return to poverty, this paper uses 2010, 2012, and 2014 tracking survey data from the Mutual Aid Fund for Poverty-Stricken Villages in China to construct an econometric model to evaluate agricultural subsidy effectiveness from the three aspects of farmers' total sown area, total grain output, and total income. The research draws the following conclusions: (1) Agricultural subsidies can significantly increase the sown area, grain production, and total income of farmers in poverty-stricken areas, which is conducive to improving the farmers' comprehensive capacity for grain production as well as income, and this conclusion remains valid after performing a series of robustness tests and solving endogeneity problems. (2) The effects of the agricultural subsidy policy are affected by natural conditions, economic development levels, and functional orientation of grain production in different regions, and they have divergent influences on farmers' total sown area, total output, and total income. (3) Agricultural subsidies boost farmers' willingness to cultivate grain, reduce land abandonment, and increase the total sown area, total output, and total grain income. The willingness to cultivate grain is an important mechanism that affects the effectiveness of the agricultural subsidy policy.

Multimedia Teaching for Applied Linguistic Smart Education System

The smart education system has attracted more popularity and explains learning in the modern age. Smart education system uses intelligent devices to access digital services via the wireless network and immerse students in personalized and seamless learning. Challenges related to the transition of separate environments into integration, the needs of both students and impaired students in regular classrooms, equality, technology hurdles, and instruction in classrooms. Hence in this article, Integrated Multimedia Teaching Model (IMTM) for technical support to develop student learning in a smart education system. The proposed IMTM applies linguistic-based teaching for enhancing students’ comprehensive capacity and uses smart educational resources, particularly listening and oral expression ability. Simultaneously, IMTM provides enhanced self-studying abilities and thorough learning skills to address the student’s need for development. The experimental results show that the IMTM based on smart education system fulfils the student needs in learning and applies linguistic-based personalized learning to improve student performance ratio of 92.3%, assumption ratio of 90%, and flexibility ratio of 91.2%, compared to other methods.

Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Dikaji dari Sikap Ilmiah

This review plans to depict and dissect the understudies' numerical comprehension capacity in taking care of story issues contemplated from the logical disposition on the material of arrangements and series in class XI IPA 3 SMA Negeri 9 Pontianak. This exploration is a subjective elucidating study. Information on understudies' numerical comprehension capacities were gathered through tests and meetings. Information on understudies' logical perspectives were gathered through perception and meetings. The information sources were three understudies who were chosen as examination subjects, specifically: one understudy with the capacity to see numerically on marks of interpretation, translation and extrapolation. The test is as 7 story questions connected with number-crunching successions and series material and is done in 60 minutes or less. Perceptions were made to decide the logical demeanor of understudies during the test. Interviews were led to figure out additional about understudies' logical perspectives and understudies' numerical comprehension capacities in view of experimental outcomes. The outcomes showed: 1) understudies' numerical comprehension capacity in the medium classification interpretation marker had a logical mentality including the adequate class; 2) understudies' numerical comprehension capacity in the medium classification translation pointer has a logical disposition including the adequate classification; 3) understudies' numerical comprehension capacity in the low classification extrapolation marker has a logical demeanor including the horrible classification.

Assessment of Ecological Environment Quality for Urban Sustainable Development Based on AHP.

Cities are gradually developed on the basis of adapting and transforming the natural environment. In a certain urban area, human activities, natural environment, and other factors and their mutual influence constitute the urban ecological environment. Therefore, the evaluation of urban ecological environment quality is of great significance to the analysis of urban development. This paper takes a city in Western China as the evaluation object, uses AHP to determine the index weight, reasonably analyzes the current situation of the urban ecological environment, and further comprehensively evaluates the quality of the urban ecological environment. The study shows that from 2013 to 2018, the comprehensive capacity of the city's ecological environment quality showed a steady upward trend, except that the natural disasters of floods and mudslides in 2014 had a certain degree of fluctuation. The comprehensive index of ecological environment quality has increased from 0.337 in 2013 to 0.412 in 2018. The overall level is still low, but the development speed is relatively stable. The urban ecological environment has been gradually improved, and society, economy, and nature have maintained a certain degree of sustainable development.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Dust Retention and Metal Accumulation by the Leaves of Roadside Plants in Hangzhou among Seasons

The auto exhaust and dust derived from increased traffic volumes have led to an increasing level of atmospheric particulates in urban areas, which have become a primary pollutant of ambient air in urban zones. Roadside plants can effectively retain atmospheric particulates and clean the urban air via foliar capture of road dust. Five common roadside plants in Hangzhou were selected to evaluate their capacity for the retention of particulate matter (PM) and the accumulation of metals. The results showed that the PM retention capacity of the different plants varied greatly, as was the case with Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum Yieh, Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Loureiro, Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Ait, Photinia × fraseri Dress and Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl. In addition, the amounts of particles retained by the plants varied among seasons, with the highest retention in winter (12.19 g·m−2) and the lowest retention in spring (6.89 g·m−2). The solids on the leaf surface were mainly irregular particles, such as mineral fragments, soot aggregates, and fly ash particles. Meanwhile, these plant species can effectively accumulate heavy metals that attached to the particles. The leaves of the five tree species had the highest amounts of copper (Cu) and the lowest amounts of cadmium (Cd). Among species, L. chinense and P. tobira had the strongest comprehensive capacity to adsorb particulate matter and heavy metals. The results shed light on the rational selection of road plants, both as ornaments and to purify air via dust suppression in subtropical zones.

The Influencing Factors of Comprehensive Sexuality Education Capacity and Its Correlation with Subjective Social Status among Chinese Junior High School Students.

(1) Objective: Evidence suggests that comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) can protect and empower younger generations to advocate for their reproductive health and wellbeing. This survey aims to investigate the current status and influencing factors of CSE among Chinese junior high school students, and to evaluate its correlation with the learning experience of sex education and subjective social status (SSS) to provide evidence for the implementation of CSE in the future. (2) Methods: A total of 4109 participants aged 11 to 16 years were recruited using data from a cross-sectional survey among junior high school students in China in 2021. CSE knowledge, attitude, and skills were used to generate the CSE comprehensive capacity by a principal component analysis. One-way ANOVA was used to assess the different effects of school sex education and family sex education. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between CSE comprehensive capacity and SSS. (3) Results: The average score of CSE comprehensive capacity was 82.44 ± 8.60 (with a total score of 100 points) among participants. After the adjustment, subjective social status was positively related to CSE comprehensive capacity (B = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.20–0.36), and SSS (School) (beta = 0.62) had a higher impact on CSE comprehensive capacity compared to SSS (Family) (beta = −0.10). School sex education was associated with the CSE knowledge level with a larger magnitude compared to family sex education (mean deviation = −0.53, p = 0.031), whereas family sex education was related to the CSE skill level with a greater magnitude (mean deviation =1.14, p = 0.005). (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest that sex education at school and within the family might have a different impact on CSE capacity, which was positively associated with SSS among junior high school students.

Accounting for spatiality of renewables and storage in transmission planning

The current governance process to plan the German energy system omits two options to substitute grid expansion: First, placing renewables closer to demand instead of where site conditions are best. Second, utilizing storage instead of additional transmission infrastructure to prevent grid congestion.In the paper, we apply a comprehensive capacity expansion model based on the AnyMOD modeling framework to compare the status quo to alternative planning approaches for a fully renewable energy system. To represent spatiality and fluctuations of renewables, the German electricity sector is modeled with great spatio-temporal detail of 32 NUTS2 regions and hourly time-steps. In addition to the German electricity sector, analysis also accounts for exchange of energy with the rest of Europe and demand for electricity and electricity-based fuels, like hydrogen or synthetic gases, from the industry, transport, and heat sector.The results reveal that a first-best solution can be well approximated if the current planning approach also considered storage for congestion management. Placing renewables different has no significant effect in our case, because the available potential must be exploited almost entirely leaving little room for optimization. Furthermore, a sensitivity on the first-best scenario prohibiting additional transmission lines entirely suggests that grid expansion can be substituted at tolerable costs.

HASİP AHMET AYTUNA’NIN RAPORU IŞIĞINDA 20 ARALIK 1942 ERBAA-NİKSAR DEPREMİ VE TOKAT’TAKİ GELİŞMELER

İkinci Dünya Savaşı, Türkiye’de tek partili bir yönetimin egemen olduğu, yakın tarihin ülke ve insan kaynaklarında yarattığı tahribatın rehabilite edilmeye çalışıldığı bir süreçte, etkili olmuştur. Savaşın toplum yaşamı üzerindeki etkileri, Erzincan ve Erbaa’da meydana gelen büyük ölçekli depremler; merkezi yönetimin geniş kapsamlı organizasyon, bunu etkin biçimde toplumsallaştıracak mâlî kapasite ve insan kaynakları, altyapı ve ulaşım, organizasyonların uygulanmasında aktif rol oynayan personelin denetimi gibi ölçütler çerçevesinde sınandığı bir zamansallığı oluşturmuştur. Depremin akabinde Şükrü Saraçoğlu Hükümeti yaşanan felâketin, Erbaa, Niksar bölgesinde yarattığı olumsuzlukları gidermeye yönelik uygulama ve düzenlemeleri hayata geçirmiştir. Bu bağlamda ilkyardım, arama-kurtarma, iâşe, barınma, tedavi, vergilendirme, yeniden inşaa ve üretim alanlarında bölge sakinlerinin durumlarını iyileştirmeyi amaçlayan adımlar atılmıştır. VI. Dönem CHP Tokat Milletvekili Hasip Ahmet Aytuna 1942 Erbaa Depremi’nden sonra 1-10 Ocak 1943’te felâketin yaşandığı yerleşim yerlerini kapsayan bir inceleme gezisi gerçekleştirerek, hükümetin afet bölgesindeki olumsuzlukları rehabilite etmeye yönelik girişimleri ve sonuçlarını gözlemleme fırsatı bulmuştur. Tokat, Erbaa, Niksar ve Zile’de yurttaşlarla görüşen Aytuna, bir yandan felâketin boyutlarına tanıklık etmiş öte yandan sorunların önemli bir bölümünün savaş koşullarından kaynaklandığını saptamıştır. Aytuna yaptığı incelemeleri, görüşmeleri, gözlemleri ve değerlendirmelerini bir rapor haline getirerek Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi Genel Sekreterliği’ne sunmuştur. Rapor, yaşanan afetin ardından ortaya çıkan yıkımın istatistiki verilerini, iktidar ile yerel bürokrasinin aldığı önlemleri, bunların sahadaki etkilerini, eksikliklerini, tarımsal üretimdeki problemleri, vergilendirme politikasının yerel düzlemdeki yansımalarını, yolsuzlukları ve bunlara ilişkin olarak kendi değerlendirmelerini içermiştir. Aytuna’nın 21 sayfadan oluşan ayrıntılı raporu, savaşın belirleyici olduğu bir toplumsal çerçevede yaşanan doğal bir afet ekseninde; merkezi yönetim, yerel bürokrasi ve halk arasındaki ilişkileri anlamamızı sağlayan bir zemin yaratmıştır.

Updated demographics at the only public oncology clinic in Belize.

e18787 Background: Belize is a middle-income Caribbean country without comprehensive cancer care capacity and poorly described cancer epidemiology. In 2020, we reported some of the first cancer demographics from the country. This was made possible by a capacity building partnership with the only public oncology clinic in the country at Karl Heusner Memorial Hospital (KHMH). Here we provide an update on demographic trends at this clinic. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all available patient data at the KHMH clinic from December 2020 to December 2021. This was compared to data from the clinic’s founding in 2018 through its first 12 months. Results: From December 2020 through December 2021, the clinic saw 332 patients, an increase of 141% from the 236 patients seen over the first 12-month period of the clinic. In 2021, 250 (75%) patients had a confirmed pathologic diagnosis of cancer, with 78 (23%) remaining under clinical suspicion. This is in comparison to 63% of patients with a pathologic diagnosis in 2018. H&E staining alone remained the only publicly available pathologic service. Patients were predominantly female (67%) with a median age of 54 (Range: 2-95). The most common histologies (n = 332) were breast (29%), cervical (11%), colorectal (8%), prostate (4%), gastric (4%), and lung (3%). Of patients with histologically confirmed cancer, 221 (66%) were able to be fully staged. Patients predominantly presented with later stage disease (25% Stage III, 34% Stage IV). At the end of 2021, out of all patients tracked longitudinally over the year (n = 332), 24% remained in need of full diagnostic assessment, 34% were on curative treatment (predominantly cytotoxic chemotherapy), 22% were under surveillance, and 18% were receiving palliative chemotherapy or best supportive care due to advanced disease. This is in comparison to 2018, when there was no capacity to administer chemotherapy at KHMH and patients were referred to either private clinics or out of the country. Conclusions: The burden of cancer in Belize is significant and diverse. Compared to 2018, in 2021, the number of patients seen at KHMH increased 141%, as did the percentage of patients with histologically confirmed cancer (120% increase). Chemotherapy treatment was made possible through procurement of a chemotherapeutic stock at KHMH due to key partnerships with the Belizean government, hospital administration, and crucially, the only medical oncologist in the nation. This has led to chemotherapy being available at a public clinic in the country for the first time. Despite this progress, patients continue to present at late stages and many cannot access cancer care due to limited resources, cost, and low public awareness. This further affirms the need for infrastructure investment and early detection programs to improve cancer outcomes in Belize.

Effects of Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategy for Developing Reading Comprehension Capacity

Effects of Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategy for Developing Reading Comprehension Capacity

Spatial distribution maps of real-time ocean observation platforms and sensors in Japanese waters

Ocean observations are required to provide timely evidence of facts about the ocean in order to evaluate the sustainable management of biodiversity, climate change, fisheries, mineral resources, tourism, and any other anthropogenic activities that support blue economy policymaking. In Japan, this is particularly crucial given that it is an islandic country stretching from north to south, thereby having a diverse coastal environment. Although tremendous efforts towards ocean observations have been made, coordination among sectors is not always sufficient, which prevented availing the comprehensive capacity of ocean observation. In this study, the existing observation platforms and installed sensors, particularly fixed platforms that enable real-time data transmission, were reviewed, and the spatial distribution of them was investigated. It was confirmed that a large number of observation networks cover Japanese waters; however, many of those platforms were used for single purpose, and the spatial coverage was still considerably limited for some sensors, such as salinity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll a. It must be noted that this study intentionally limited the data sources of platforms/sensors to the disclosed data on public reports and/or websites, in order to raise a discussion about information disclosure of observation efforts, conducted by numerous stakeholders. Based on this information, we recommend extending the capacity of ocean observation by utilizing existing platforms rather than constructing new platforms, in order to enhance cost-effectiveness.

Numerical study on methane/air combustion characteristics in a heat-recirculating micro combustor embedded with porous media

Micro-combustor is a portable power device that can provide energy efficiently, heat recirculating is considered to be an important factor affecting the combustion process. For enhancing the heat recirculating and improving the combustion stability, we proposed a heat-recirculating micro-combustor embedded with porous media, and the numerical simulation was carried out by CFD software. In this paper, the effect of porous media materials, thickness and inlet conditions (equivalence ratio, inlet velocity) on the temperature distribution and exhaust species in the micro combustor are investigated. The results showed that compared with the micro combustor without embedded porous media (MCNPM), micro-combustor embedded with porous media (MCEPM) can improve the temperature uniformity distribution in the radial direction and strengthen the preheating capacity. However, it is found that the embedding thickness of porous media should be reasonably arranged. Setting the thickness of porous media to 15 mm, the combustor can obtain excellent comprehensive capacity of steady combustion and heat recirculating. Compared the thermal performance of Al2O3, SiC, and ZrO2 porous media materials, indicating that SiC due to its strong thermal conductivity, its combustion stabilization and heat recirculating capacity are obviously better than that of Al2O3 and ZrO2. With the porous media embedded in the micro combustor, the combustion has a tempering limit of more than 10 m/s, and the flame is blown out of the porous media area over 100 m/s. The reasonable equivalence ratio of CH4/air combustion should be controlled within the range of 0.1–0.5, and “super-enthalpy combustion” can be realized.

The InfAct proposal for a sustainable European health information infrastructure on population health: the Distributed Infrastructure on Population Health (DIPoH)

BackgroundIn Europe, data on population health is fragmented, difficult to access, project-based and prone to health information inequalities in terms of availability, accessibility and especially in quality between and within countries. This situation is further exacerbated and exposed by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The Joint Action on Health Information (InfAct) that builds on previous works of the BRIDGE Health project, carried out collaborative action to set up a sustainable infrastructure for health information in the European Union (EU). The aim of this paper is to present InfAct’s proposal for a sustainable research infrastructure, the Distributed Infrastructure on Population Health (DIPoH), which includes the setup of a Health Information Portal on population health to be maintained beyond InfAct’s time span.MethodsThe strategy for the proposal was based on three components: scientific initiatives and proposals to improve Health Information Systems (HIS), exploration of technical acceptability and feasibility, and finally obtaining high-level political support.. The technical exploration (Technical Dialogues—TD) was assumed by technical experts proposed by the countries, and political guidance was provided by the Assembly of Members (AoM), which gathered representatives from Ministries of Health and Science of EU/EEA countries. The results from the AoM and the TD were integrated in the sustainability plan compiling all the major outputs of InfAct.ResultsThe InfAct sustainability plan was organized in three main sections: a proposal of a new research infrastructure on population health (the DIPoH), new health information tools and innovative proposals for HIS, and a comprehensive capacity building programme. These activities were carried out in InfAct and are being further developed in the Population Health Information Research Infrastructure (PHIRI). PHIRI is a practical rollout of DIPoH facilitating and generating the best available evidence for research on health and wellbeing of populations as impacted by COVID-19.ConclusionsThe sustainability plan received wide support from Member States and was recognized to have an added value at EU level. Nevertheless, there were several aspects which still need to be considered for the near future such as: (i) a commitment of stable financial and political support by Member States (MSs), (ii) the availability of resources at regional, national and European level to deal with innovations, and (iii) a more direct involvement from EU and international institutions such as the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD for providing support and sustainable contributions.

Effects of cognitive & metacognitive strategy for developing reading comprehension capacity

Reading comprehension ability is potency of students to comprehend meaning of written texts, text details and main ideas. Furthermore, ability of reading comprehension activated learners to communicate with writers. To understand main ideas of written texts, help learners to be aware and to get particular messages from texts. Cognitive and metacognitive knowledges help readers to analyze, to summarize, to judge, and to distinguish main idea of reading texts and also more details about writer viewpoints to predicate and decision making to monitor text contents too. Monolingual students are those groups which must be aware about impacts of metacognitive strategy upon reading development and comprehension through to prepare and emanate bio feedbacks with teachers. Hence, monolingual groups have to be taught more than bilingual ones due to their low – proficiency levels and also their weak knowledge capacities about reading development strategies. Indeed, today understanding the effective strategies which help to learn language skills for all of scholars in TESOL domains is very significant, so every teacher that is aware about efficacy of those psychological strategies like cognitive and metacognitive or both; he or she is able to teach language skills particularly reading comprehension very conveniently and more productive language learning results. Without understanding reading strategy text comprehension to learn language skills is impossible.