Composite Technique Research Articles

필립 글래스의 오페라 <사티아그라하>에 나타난 비폭력 저항운동과 작곡기법 연구

Philip Glass composed the opera <Satyagraha> which deals with Gandhi's actions to regain the rights and freedom of Indians in South Africa, as he encountered and became interested in Satyagraha, a nonviolent resistance movement advocated and promoted by Mahatma Gandhi, the father of Indian independence. The purpose of this study is to introduce the opera <Satyagraha> which has not yet been studied in Korea and to examine the content about nonviolent resistance movement by Gandhi which is an important feature of this work and the main composition techniques used in this work. To this end, I first examined life of Gandhi, the etymology and meaning of Satyagraha and the ideological background of the nonviolent resistance movement, explored the profile of Glass who composed the opera <Satyagraha> and his world of music and then explained the production background and outline of the opera. As a result of the study, it was found that the opera <Satyagraha> expressed content related to the nonviolent resistance movement through synopsis focusing on several events related to the protection for the Indian’s rights and interests, historical figures of each act representing the past, present, and future of Satyagraha, lyrics extracted from the Hindu scripture ‘Bhagavad Gita’ and a choir appearing as a crowd practicing Satyagraha. The main composition techniques used in the work were minimalism characterized by additive process and circulatory structure, the chaconne technique in which rhythmic, melodic, and harmonic variations appear based on repeated harmonic patterns and the use of various scales such as major, minor and chromatic scales and modes. It is hoped that through this study, a broader understanding of the opera <Satyagraha> will spread and follow-up research from various perspectives will be produced.

Twentieth Century Compositional Techniques Applied to Jazz: Pitch-Class Sets in Jazz Composition and Improvisation

This paper presents a speculative method to coalesce traditional jazz improvisation with techniques and elements of post-tonal composition. Throughout the 20th century, erudite composers came up with several aesthetic and conceptual developments but jazz, until very recently, did not move in the same direction. To maintain a fruitful collaboration between composers and improvisers, if the pallet of compositional techniques available to the jazz composer expands, I would argue that a similar development must occur in the field of improvisation. For composers, this paper proposes creative processes supported by pitch-class set theory and, in the interest of coherence and unity with pre-composed material, it offers a complementary approach to soloists.

Composition Techniques Specific to the Arabic Musical Language in Kareem Roustom's Violin Concerto No. 1

The Violin Concerto by K. Roustom stands out as a distinctive fusion of compositional styles, positioning itself uniquely within contemporary violin compositions. Rather than eliminating precedents, the concerto embraces a convergence of structurally and ideatically diverse directions, resulting in a harmonious and unified end product. The creative process, starting from seemingly unrelated hypotheses and concluding in a cohesive manner, finds precedent in various musical examples across different eras. The concerto's complex profile, revealed through analysis, reflects a mixture of elements that resist facile extraction or definition. The diversity of languages interwoven into the works' architecture lends them significant value, offering interpretive richness from initial reception to deep analytical exploration. Simultaneously, the imperative of originality underscores the nature and implementation of the directions within the concerto. Complemented by the composers' mastery, educational backgrounds, and intellectual capacities, the concerto exemplifies authenticity and value, contributing to the evolving landscape of contemporary creative expressions.

필립 글래스의 오페라 <사티아그라하>에 나타난 비폭력 저항운동과 작곡기법 연구

Philip Glass composed the opera <Satyagraha> which deals with Gandhi's actions to regain the rights and freedom of Indians in South Africa, as he encountered and became interested in Satyagraha, a nonviolent resistance movement advocated and promoted by Mahatma Gandhi, the father of Indian independence. The purpose of this study is to introduce the opera <Satyagraha> which has not yet been studied in Korea and to examine the content about nonviolent resistance movement by Gandhi which is an important feature of this work and the main composition techniques used in this work. To this end, I first examined life of Gandhi, the etymology and meaning of Satyagraha and the ideological background of the nonviolent resistance movement, explored the profile of Glass who composed the opera <Satyagraha> and his world of music and then explained the production background and outline of the opera. As a result of the study, it was found that the opera <Satyagraha> expressed content related to the nonviolent resistance movement through synopsis focusing on several events related to the protection for the Indian’s rights and interests, historical figures of each act representing the past, present, and future of Satyagraha, lyrics extracted from the Hindu scripture ‘Bhagavad Gita’ and a choir appearing as a crowd practicing Satyagraha. The main composition techniques used in the work were minimalism characterized by additive process and circulatory structure, the chaconne technique in which rhythmic, melodic, and harmonic variations appear based on repeated harmonic patterns and the use of various scales such as major, minor and chromatic scales and modes. It is hoped that through this study, a broader understanding of the opera <Satyagraha> will spread and follow-up research from various perspectives will be produced.

Compositional music therapy: A systematic review of clinical trials

Purpose: Compositional music therapy involves the creation of original music by the therapist, the patient/client, or both together. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine techniques of compositional music therapy and the evidence for its therapeutic uses. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed in performing this systematic review. Studies published in the last 25 years from January 1998 to December 2023 were identified through the use of the PubMed, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar databases, using the following keywords: Musi*, AND Therap*, AND Compos*. Two authors independently conducted a focused analysis and reached a final consensus on nine studies that met the specific selection criteria and passed the study quality checks. Results: Review yielded four key compositional music therapy techniques: songwriting, lyric analysis, instrumental composition, and therapeutic rap and singing. Eight out of the nine studies showed positive results for compositional music therapy. These techniques were associated with reduction in anxiety levels and an enhancement of positive affective states, the development of coping strategies, and improvement of emotional regulation. Conclusion: This review shows a body of positive evidence for compositional music therapy, highlighting its potential to foster psychological and physiological well-being across various demographics, especially in terms of coping strategies and emotion regulation. Future directions include the use of digital music technology for composition in music therapy.

Development of self-sensing cementitious composites by incorporating a two-dimensional carbon-fibre textile network for structural health monitoring

Many challenges persist with traditional self-sensing cementitious composites, such as selecting conductive fillers, determining optimal aspect ratios, controlling dosage, achieving filler dispersion, designing practical electrodes, and overcoming fabrication difficulties. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel self-sensing technique for cementitious composites by incorporating a 2-dimensional (2-D) carbon-fibre textile network to address these challenges. Additionally, instead of using the entire composite volume as the sensor, an alternative approach is explored, which involves utilising the interlaminar interface by incorporating the 2-D carbon-fibre textile network. This approach provides an integrated self-sensing system, including electrical leads and conductive pathways, which can be tailored based on the design requirements. The paper introduces fundamental concepts and measurement circuit design, followed by a comprehensive study covering measurement techniques, electromechanical properties, and microstructural analysis. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of ambient conditions, such as temperature and relative humidity, on the measurements. Experimental results demonstrate a remarkable maximum fractional change in contact resistivity, reaching up to 70%. The reversibility during cyclic compression is excellent, with a maximum negative gauge factor of − 2500. These findings represent a significant step toward achieving a practical and simplified method for manufacturing self-sensing cementitious composites and open avenues for self-sensing, sustainable textile-reinforced concrete structures (TRC).

Association between body composition and cardiometabolic disease risk: role of dietary fat intake and APOLIPOPROTEIN E genotype on this relationship.

Excess body weight is associated with increased mortality and risk of developing CVD. Body fat distribution is now considered a better indicator of disease risk than BMI, with central adiposity associated with dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. Dietary modification is unquestionably important in the prevention of obesity and CVD, with the type but not the amount of dietary fat emerging as an important determinant of both diseases. Although reducing SFA intake via replacement with unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) is a key public health strategy for CVD prevention, variability in the lipid lowering response has been observed. This narrative review aims to investigate the link between adiposity and CVD risk, and the role of dietary fat composition and APOLIPOPROTEIN (APO)E genotype on this relationship. In the absence of weight loss, replacing dietary SFA with UFA reduces central adiposity and anthropometric measures, and is linked with lower total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. However, differences in study populations and body composition techniques need to be taken into consideration. To date, only a limited number of studies have determined the role of APOE on body composition and CVD risk, but findings are inconsistent. Both APOE2 and APOE4 alleles have been correlated with adiposity related markers, and an APOE genotype-BMI interaction has been reported on fasting lipids. However, studies are often performed retrospectively leading to small sample sizes within the genotype groups. Further studies are needed to confirm the relationship between APOE genotype, adiposity and circulating CVD risk markers.

An efficient day-ahead cost-based generation scheduling of a multi-supply microgrid using a balancing composite motion optimization (BCMO) approach

The efficient management and optimal scheduling of generation resources in multi-supply microgrid (MG) are essential for ensuring cost-effective and reliable power supply. Renewable energy resources such as wind turbines (WTs), photovoltaic (PV) systems, micro turbine (MT) batteries, and fuel cells (FCs) are utilized. This paper presents Balancing Composite Motion Optimization (BCMO) for day-ahead cost-based generation scheduling in multi-supply MG. The BCMO approach combines the advantages of composite motion optimization techniques to minimize the overall generation cost. The proposed method considers demand forecasts, renewable energy availability, and real-time pricing to optimize generation schedule. The microgrid is modeled as mathematical optimization problem, considering multiple generation sources, including renewable energy, conventional generators, and energy storage systems, that are used to optimize the above factors. The objective function is formulated to minimize the total generation cost while satisfying demand requirements and operational constraints. By considering the cost of generation from different sources and availability of renewable energy, the proposed approach enables the microgrid to operate economically efficiently. The objective function is formulated to minimize the total generation cost while satisfying the demand requirements and operational constraints. By considering the cost of generation from different sources and the availability of renewable energy, the proposed approach enables the microgrid to operate in an economically efficient manner. The performance of the proposed system is executed on the MATLAB working platform and compared with various approaches. The best BCMO solution in cold sunny, warm sunny, cold cloudy days and warm cloudy are 290.8821, 358.7908, 261.324, and 2265.055., respectively.

Dependence of the Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Schottky Barrier Height on Insulator Composition.

The effects of different high-κ tunnel oxides on the metal-insulator-semiconductor Schottky barrier height (ΦB) were systematically investigated. While these high-κ interlayers have been previously observed to affect ΦB, there has never been a clear consensus as to why this ΦB modulation occurs. Changes in ΦB were measured when adding 0.5 nm of seven different high-κ oxides to n-Si/Ni contacts with a thin native silicon oxide also present. Depending on the high-κ oxide composition and ΦB measurement technique, increases in ΦB up to 0.4 eV and decreases up to 0.2 eV with a high-κ introduction were measured. The results were compared to several different hypotheses regarding the effects of tunnel oxides on ΦB. The experimental data correlated most closely with the model of a dipole formed at the SiOx/high-κ interface due to the difference in the oxygen areal density between the two oxides. Knowledge of this relationship will aid in the design of Schottky and ohmic contacts by providing criteria to predict the effects of different oxide stacks on ΦB.

Compositional Profiles and Spatial Distribution of Microplastics Across Three Selected Rivers in Rivers State, Nigeria

Microplastics (MP) are ubiquitous and persistent contaminants in waterbodies and a pervasive and preventable threat to the health of marine ecosystems. These particles are defined as <5 mm in size and can be introduced into the environment via primary sources such as the use and disposal of microbeads in cosmetic, cleaning products and sandblasting, as well as secondary sources which include the fragmentation of litter by mechanical or UV light-induced degradation. This study was conducted to investigate the concentrations of microplastic contaminants in Imo River, Ntawogba River and New Calabar River as well as the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of the water bodies. Composite sampling technique was used in this study. The physicochemical analysis of the water samples was carried out both in-situ and ex-situ while the microbiological analysis was performed ex-situ to determine the load using APHA 9215B/9610B and ASTM D 5465-93 (Pour plate) test methods. The total heterotrophic bacteria were more predominant than the other microbial groups in samples obtained from the three rivers. The relatively higher hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria counts obtained in samples collected from Ntwawogba River is suggestive of benign hydrocarbon contamination of the river. Two techniques (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, GC-MS) were used to identify the microplastics and their concentrations. The reference spectra for the FTIR results were in the spectral range stretching from 4000–650cm-1 where the prominent absorption peak at 2920 cm-1 corresponded to aliphatic C-H (Hydrocarbon) stretching, indicating the presence of CH2 (Alkene) and CH3 (Alkane) groups in the microplastic samples, at 1725 cm-1 associated with carbonyl (C=O). The band at 1600 cm-1 is characteristic of aromatic C=C stretching, at 1200-1000 cm-1 range suggesting C-O stretching vibrations. The region between 800 and 700 cm-1 corresponded to out-of-plane bending vibrations commonly seen in aromatic groups while the GC-MS polymer identification library produced results of both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the microplastics. The eight (8) priority MP polymers found in the water samples were polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate, dioctyl terephthalate, polybrominated diphenyl ether, tetrabromobisphenol A, polypropylene, acrylic fibre, and polystyrene. SEM images of the MPs were acquired at various magnifications to capture their surface features, shapes, and sizes. PE was found to be the most ubiquitous MP (45.74%, 45.84% and 47.76%) across Imo, Ntawogba and New Calabar River, respectively.
 Results obtained indicate the pervasiveness of MPs in the studied rivers and signify threat to aquatic organisms and man via their biomagnification through the food chain.

Comprehensive investigation of quantum oscillations in semimetal using an ac composite magnetoelectric technique with ultrahigh sensitivity

Quantum oscillation (QO), a physical phenomenon that reflects the characteristics of the Fermi surface and transport fermions, has been extensively observed in metals and semimetals through various approaches, like magnetostriction, magnetization, resistivity, and thermoelectric power. However, only limited oscillation frequencies can be revealed by the aforementioned methods, particularly in semimetals with intricate Fermi pockets and associated magnetic breakdown phenomena. In this paper, we present the application of an ac composite magnetoelectric (ME) technique to measure the QOs of a topological nodal-line semimetal, ZrSiS, which possesses six fundamental QO frequencies. By employing the ME technique with a maximum magnetic field of 13 T and a minimum temperature of 2 K, we are able to capture all the fundamental frequencies and most of the permissible magnetic breakdown frequencies. Remarkably, a series of magnetic breakdown frequencies around 8000 T were revealed even in a magnetic field as low as 7.5 T. These findings highlight the ME technique as an ultrahigh-sensitive tool for studying Dirac Fermions and other topological semimetals with complex Fermi surfaces.

High C-Factor Cavities: How Do "Snowplow Technique", Adhesive Application Mode and Aging Influence the Microtensile Bond Strength to Dentin?

To investigate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to dentin in class-I cavities using different layering techniques, adhesive application modes, and aging. 150 caries-free human molars were randomly assigned to 8 experimental and 2 control groups (n=15 teeth/ group). For each tooth, a standardized class-I cavity was prepared (4x4x4 mm) and pretreated with a universal adhesive (self-etch or etch-and-rinse mode). Incrementally layered restorations served as the control. In the experimental groups, either lining with bulk-fill flowable composite and a layering technique, bulk filling, or the snowplow technique with one or two layers of viscous composite were applied. Four microsticks were obtained from each cavity. Half were tested initially and the other half after aging (thermocycling, 15,000 cycles, 5-55°C, n=30 sticks/group). Tobit regression was used for analyzing group differences, including analysis of interactions, Pearson's chi-squared test or Fishers's exact test for fracture analyses (significance level 0.05). Regression analysis showed significant differences in µTBS between groups initially and after aging. In both etching modes, lining with a bulk-fill flowable composite and layering technique achieved the highest µTBS both initially and after aging. In contrast to the etching mode (self-etch < etch-and-rinse), aging did not influence µTBS significantly. The predominant failure types were adhesive and mixed, with a significantly lower number of pre-test failures in the etch-and-rinse groups. The etch-and-rinse mode achieves higher µTBS in class-I cavities compared to the self-etch mode. The lining technique with bulk-fill flowable composite as well as the snowplow technique yielded the highest µTBS after aging, whereas bulk filling and its combination with the snowplow technique resulted in lower µTBS.

Synchronous activation of praseodymium vanadate/graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite: A promising electrode material for detection of flavonoid– Quercetin

Flavonoids or phenolic compounds are part of the daily intake of every human being. Though they are positive traders for metabolism, excessive intakes bring about detrimental impacts on human health. Herein, the anti-cancer capacitive nature quercetin (Qc) was electrochemically detected through the rare earth metal-based sphere like praseodymium vanadate (PrVO4) entrapped graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) as electrode modifiers. The nanocomposite was prepared by the one-pot hydrothermal method and characterized by phase compositional and morphology-based techniques. The existing synergistic nature between the PrV@g-CN (praseodymium vanadate@graphitic carbon nitride) makes them have an enhanced electrochemical response towards the Qc than the individual material. The obtained cyclic voltammogram and differential pulse voltammogram profile show one major oxidation peak which is attributed to the conversion of quercetin to quercetin-o-quinone. The PrV@g-CN/GCE (GCE- glassy carbon electrode) shows a good electrochemical active surface area (A = 110 cm2) and linear range between 0.05 and 252.00 μM with a LOD (limit of detection) of 0.002 µM. Moreover, the PrV@g-CN/GCE exhibits good current retention (94.76 %) around 14 days and appreciable repeatability (RSD- 0.5 %) and reproducibility (RSD- 1.3 %) towards the Qc. The real-time implementation of the proposed sensor exhibits a good recovery range towards the black tea (95.00–98.10 %) and green tea (97.80–99.60 %).

Exploring geochemical data using compositional techniques: A practical guide

John Aitchison revolutionised in 1982 our way of approaching geochemical data focusing on their relative nature. In this perspective, the investigation of single variables is meaningless due to the entangled structure that links all the parts of a composition. Starting from that time, several developments have characterized the debate within the scientific community, both from the applied and the theoretical point of view. The consequence was that the number of papers where compositional data are consistently and coherently managed increased exponentially. The exploratory phase of compositional data is a very important step in data analysis and modeling. It not only helps to clarify the available sample data structure but also determines the base to develop models to predict time and space changes. Real chemical data along the course of the river Tevere (Tiber) (Italy) and its tributaries are taken to illustrate how compositional techniques help explore compositions and detect patterns and outliers in the data.

Addressing asymmetric saturation in chaotic Chua's circuit switched system: A combined adaptive sliding mode strategy

SummaryThe purpose of this research is to develop a combined adaptive nonlinear feedback integral sliding mode (CANFISM) for the Chua's switched nonlinear circuit systems. The suggested adaptive composite nonlinear technique is improved to provide a robust controller with enhanced performance in the face of uncertainty and asymmetric saturation. The proposed technique has been theoretically validated, and its closed‐loop exponentially boundedly stable has been demonstrated. Meanwhile, CNF (composite nonlinear feedback) parameters are then determined by employing the linear matrix inequality technique, and the notion of robust tracking is performed and compared in Chua's switched nonlinear circuit systems. This method guarantees robustness against the effects of uncertainty and input asymmetric saturation and decreases chattering. The effectiveness and merits of the suggested technique are then achieved by utilizing two simulation examples of Chua's circuit system.

Development and validation of simultaneous HPLC-PDA analysis method for quality control of Hwang-ryeon-hae-dok-tang: An analytical quality by design approach

This study introduces an advanced analytical method for quality control of botanical drugs, focusing on Hwang-ryeon-hae-dok-tang (HRHDT), a traditional herbal prescription utilized for inflammation, gastritis, fever, and hypertension. Botanical drugs pose a challenge due to their complex composition, requiring reliable and robust analytical techniques. Our step-by-step procedure included defining the analytical target profile, risk assessment, screening and optimizing design of experiment, measuring the design space, and Monte Carlo simulation. The established HPLC-PDA method enables the simultaneous analysis of four major compounds (geniposide, baicalin, palmatine, and berberine) present in HRHDT. The optimized conditions involve a gradient elution with acetonitrile and water, both containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, a 32 °C column temperature, 254 nm detection wavelength, and 1.0 mL/min flow rate. A successful validation demonstrated excellent linearity (R2: 0.9984–0.9989) and accuracy (recovery: 100.61%–102.44%), with precise repeatability and intermediate precision (%RSD: 0.39%–0.83%). These results further confirm the reliability and accuracy of the analytical method. Overall, our design-based approach not only facilitated the development of robust analytical methods but also allowed for flexible operation ranges. Therefore, this methodology holds significant potential for ensuring the quality of botanical drug products within the pharmaceutical industry.

Optimizing seismic fragility assessments for high-speed railway track bridges: a novel multi-parameter methodology and intensity measure selection

This research innovatively presents a multi-parameter seismic fragility analysis methodology anchored on Blending ensemble learning tailored for the high-speed railway track-bridge (HSRTB) system. Leveraging ensemble machine learning models, a seismic demand model encapsulating multiple earthquake intensity measures (IMs) is formulated. The research progresses to deduce the mean seismic fragility representations for single, dual, and composite earthquake parameters. Key findings of this investigation underscore that the advanced methodology aligns well with the Monte Carlo (MC) fragility, signifying its robustness. Crucially, earthquake IM parameters, Sa(0.5) and Sa(0.3)_ASI, emerged as the optimal choices for singular and dual-parameter seismic fragility delineations. Further enriching this research, a composite parameter optimization technique rooted in multi-CPU genetic algorithms is proposed. This avant-garde method remarkably minimizes the fragility estimation error, emphasizing its unparalleled efficacy in enhancing the precision of fragility evaluations.

Statistical modelling and process optimization of EDM electrode fabricated using pressureless microwave sintering and rapid tooling route

The fabrication of customized products necessitates specialized setups, such as tools and dies, capable of accommodating complex shapes. In the present work, rapid tooling, an indirect 3D printing process along with pressureless microwave sintering was employed to fabricate complex shaped electric discharge machine (EDM) electrode. Copper spherical particles were used as the material for sample fabrication, and central composite design technique was utilized to conduct experiments. The investigation focused on exploring the impact of microwave sintering machine parameters – sintering temperature, heating rate and holding time – on crucial electrode properties, including density, volumetric shrinkage and electrical conductivity. The dominance of the sintering temperature on responses was revealed over the heating rate and holding time. Additionally, the effect of interaction between heating rate and holding time on electrical conductivity and density showed less effect of large holding time at slower heating rate. To investigate the particle bonding behaviour, scanning electron micrographs of the fabricated samples were also studied. The adopted methodology effectively sintered the particles without the need for applying pressure. Using genetic algorithm (GA), a multi-objective optimization was conducted to achieve an optimized set of microwave sintering machine parameters, aiming for maximum density, electrical conductivity and minimum volumetric shrinkage. A density of 7.32 g/cc, volumetric shrinkage of 8.36% and electrical conductivity of 73.88% IACS was obtained from samples sintered at optimized sintering parameters. The dimensions of the fabricated electrodes and machined cavity were then compared with the computer-aided design model. The results revealed an efficient process for fabricating complex shaped EDM electrodes.

Clinical evaluation of direct restorations performed through the injectable composite resin technique in anterior teeth. Case report

The injectable composite resin technique refers to a combined indirect and direct method that uses a clear silicone key to accurately and predictably transfer a diagnostic wax-up to a composite restoration, without the need to prepare the teeth. The clinical case of two female patients, aged between 30 and 40 years, is presented. The treatment plan included composite resin restorations in the anterosuperior sector. With the help of an intraoral scanner, 3D images of the dental anatomical structures were generated, from which the waxing was performed. Subsequently, a transparent silicone key was manufactured and the mock-up was verified in the oral cavity. The teeth were restored by injecting a fluid compound, which was light-polymerized through the silicone key. The selection of the resin was based on its versatility, suitable for both small and extensive restorations. This material offers the advantage of being repairable without the need to replace the entire previous restoration, making it an ideal option for direct procedures. In addition, it allows rapid hardening of the material using ultraviolet light, accelerating the process compared to other materials that require weeks of laboratory preparation. As a result, aesthetic restorations were obtained in harmony with the face, achieving diastema closure and restoring the shape and function of the teeth. In subsequent checks, no soft tissue inflammation or signs of significant wear were observed. The technique described is minimally invasive and accessible in terms of resources

Esthetic rehabilitation of labial tooth defects caused by caries of the anterior teeth using a composite resin injection technique with veneer-shaped 3D printing indices.

An 18-year-old woman sought treatment for caries of the anterior teeth after completing orthodontic treatment. Direct composite resin restoration was chosen because the patient preferred a minimally invasive and cost-effective treatment whenever possible. Based on diagnostic wax-up, veneer-shaped indices for composite resin injection were designed to replicate and restore tooth defects rapidly and accurately. The overall esthetic result was excellent after a 1-year of follow-up. Direct freehand composite resin restorations are clinically challenging. The recently proposed 3D printing index for the composite resin injection technique is helpful for direct restoration but is challenging to remove. The veneer-shaped indices avoid the formation of an undercut in the direction of removing the index, making them easy to remove after finishing the restorations. Using veneer-shaped indices for composite resin injection enables rapid esthetic rehabilitation of labial tooth defects caused by caries. This approach reduces chairside time and operational difficulty while allowing for easy index removal after completing the restorations.