Probiotic Composition Research Articles

Different Reactions in Each Enterotype Depending on the Intake of Probiotic Yogurt Powder.

Probiotics can be used as a nutritional strategy to improve gut homeostasis. We aimed to evaluate the intestinal microbiota profile of 18 subjects after ingestion of probiotic yogurt powder (PYP) based on enterotype. The subjects were classified into three enterotypes according to their microbial community: Bacteroides (n = 9, type B), Prevotella (n = 3, type P), and Ruminococcus (n = 6, type R). We performed controlled termination in a transient series that included a control period of three weeks before probiotic intake, PYP intake for three weeks, and a three-week washout period. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by sequencing the V3–V4 super variable region of 16S rRNA. Based on the Bristol stool shape scale, abnormal stool shape improved with PYP intake, and bowel movements were activated. The abundance of Faecalibacterium, Eggerthella, and Leuconostoc, which ferment and metabolize glucose, showed a strong correlation with type B Bacteroides, and glucose metabolism improvement was observed in all type B subjects. Alkaline phosphatase was significantly improved only in type B. In addition, the abundance of type B Bacteroides showed a negative correlation with that of Lactobacillus. The abundance of Streptococcus, Agathobacter, and Christensenella, which are involved in lipid metabolism, showed a strong correlation with that of type P Prevotella, and triglyceride metabolism improvement was observed in all type P subjects. The gut microbiota showed only short-term changes after PYP intake and showed resilience by returning to its original state when PYP intake was interrupted. In summary, the different responses to PYP intake may result from the different enterotypes and associated strains; therefore, the probiotic composition should be adjusted based on the individual enterotype.

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI PROBIOTIK YANG BERBEDA PADA PAKAN BUATAN TERHADAP RASIO KONVERSI PAKAN DAN LAJU PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN GABUS LOKAL (Channa sp) HASIL DOMESTIKASI

Snakehead fish (Channa sp.) was one of Indonesia's native freshwater commodities that has been successfully domesticated by fish cultivators in Indonesia. However, domesticated snakehead fish cultivation still has obstacles, namely the high value of the feed conversion ratio and the low growth rate of local snakehead fish. Overcoming this problem requires a technology that can optimize the feed conversion ratio and growth rate of domestic snakehead fish. One technology that can be applied is the used of probiotic technology. This study aims to test the provision of different probiotics through feed to optimize the feed conversion ratio and growth rate of domestic snakehead fish. This research was conducted using experimental methods. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The treatments were treatment without probiotics / control (P0), treatment of the probiotic composition of Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus spp. and Nitrosomonas sp. (P1), treatment of the probiotic composition of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P2), treatment of the probiotic composition of Lactobacillus sp., Acetobacter, Rhodobacter sp., Yeast (P3). The results showed that giving different probiotic compositions through feed on the parameters of feed conversion ratio and growth rate did not give results that were not significantly different (P> 0.05) when compared to control, but the highest treatment value was found in the probiotic composition of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Probiotic Composition and Chondroitin Sulfate Regulate TLR-2/4-Mediated NF-κB Inflammatory Pathway and Cartilage Metabolism in Experimental Osteoarthritis.

The therapeutic potential of using probiotics to treat osteoarthritis (OA) has only recently been recognized, with a small number of animal and human studies having been undertaken. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of a probiotic composition (PB) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), administered separately or in combination, on Tlr2, Tlr4, Nfkb1, and Comp gene expression in cartilage and levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1, IGF-1) and COMP, ACAN, CHI3L1, CTSK, and TLR-2 in serum during monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA in rats. Expression of Tlr2, Tlr4, Nfkb1, and Comp in cartilage was analyzed using one-step SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1, IGF-1, COMP, ACAN, CHI3L1, CTSK, and TLR-2 were measured in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Experimental OA caused an upregulation in Tlr2, Tlr4, Nfkb1, and downregulation of Comp expression in the cartilage. MIA-OA caused a significant increase of TLR-2 soluble form and IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1, COMP, ACAN, CHI3L1, and CTSK levels in the blood serum; the level of IGF-1, on contrary, decreased. Separate administration of PB and CS raised expression of Comp and reduced Tlr2, Tlr4, and Nfkb1 expressions in cartilage. The levels of the studied markers of cartilage metabolism in serum were decreased or increased (IGF-1). The combined use of PB and CS was more effective than separate application approaching above-mentioned parameters to control. The outcomes of our research prove that multistrain live probiotic composition amplifies the positive action of CS in osteoarthritis attenuation and necessitates further investigation with large-scale randomized controlled trial.

LEVEL OF MIDDLE MOLECULAR PEPTIDES IN THE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE OF RATS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL OSTEOARTHRITIS AND ADMINISTRATION OF PROBIOTIC COMPOSITION

The question regarding clarification the mechanisms that link changes in the musculoskeletal system with changes in the microbiome, in recent few years has become particularly relevant. The investigation of the biological effect of probiotics on cartilage metabolism under osteoarthritis (OA) opens the perspectives for their use in complex therapy and prevention of joint pathology. The aim of the research was to analyze the quantitative and qualitative composition of the peptide component of the middle-mass molecules (MMM) of different fractions in the articular cartilage of rats with experimental OA under the introduction of multiprobiotic (PB) composition. The experiments were conducted on white male non-linear rats weighing 180-200 g. Experimental osteoarthritis in rats was induced by a single injection of sodium monoiodacetate (MIA; Sigma, USA) in the knee patellar ligament. The animals of therapeutic group received oral administration of live probiotic composition Multiprobiotic Simbiter® acidophilic concentrated ("O.D. Prolisok", Ukraine) at a dose of 140 mg/kg daily for 14 days. Euthanasia of animals was performed on the 30th day of the experiment. The level of MMM was assessed spectrophotometrically. Fractionation at the peptide level was performed using the method of chromatography, which is separated by size on Sephadex G 15 column. Our findings showed an increase in the MMM content of all studied fractions in cartilage tissue of rats with experimental OA and changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of their the peptide component, that could indicate the development of endogenous intoxication, as a result of impaired cartilage metabolism, inflammation and destructive processes in the knee joint during the pathology. Administration to animals with MIA-induced OA PB composition had a favorable effect on the studied parameters, which was expressed in a decrease of MMM content and restored redistribution of the peptide pool of cartilage tissue. The obtained results provide grounds for further research aimed at studying the biological effect of PB on cartilage metabolism, which may contribute to the development of new strategies for the treatment and prevention of joint diseases.

Nutraceutical correction in the complex non-drug treatment of metabolic syndrome

To study the effect of a non-drug complex including LCD, physical exercises, as well as correction of the gut microbiome and hepatic protection in relation to reduction of visceral fat volume in abdominal obesity and the dynamics of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism hormones in metabolic syndrome. 120 patients with MS were randomized into 2 groups: Group 1 received LCD, physical exercises in the gym, and physical activity like daily walking up to 3-5 km/day. Group 2 received LCD, physical exercises in the gym, physical activity like daily walking up to 3-5 km/day, as well as nutraceutical correction of increased appetite, gut probiotic composition, hepatic protection. The treatment duration was 4 weeks. Anthropometric methods in order to control the body weight, waist and hip circumferences and bioimpedansometry were used. As a treatment result, patients in group 1 represented a reduction in body weight, lean and active cell mass, a decrease in musculoskeletal mass and a decrease in total fluid due to extracellular fluid. A decrease in total cholesterol and blood triglyceride fraction was noted. Leptin decreased by 13.96%. Patients of the 2nd group represented a decrease in body weight, fat mass, lean mass, total fluid and extracellular fluid. There was a statistically significant increase in active cell mass, skeletal muscle mass. There was a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides and transaminases. Due to weight loss and fat mass reduction a decrease in leptin expression by 29.85% and decrease in blood insulin levels by 11.2% were noted. Thus, LCD accompanied by nutraceutical correction of the gut microbiota and hepatic protection can be effectively used in combination with physical training in order to reduce the fat mass without pre-sarcopenia development that was confirmed by positive dynamics of volume indices, bioimpedance measurements and reduction in leptin and insulin expression.

Direct loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid on-site detection of Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum, infantis, and suis in probiotic products

As interest in probiotics increases, the need for accurate description of probiotic compositions present in commercial products is also increasing. Since Bifidobacterium longum used as probiotics is labeled at species or subspecies levels, a detection method for distinguishing B. longum subsp. longum, infantis, and suis is needed. Thus, we designed three LAMP primer sets for B. longum subspecies. Each primer set was specific for the target subspecies. The detection level was 0.2 pg for each target DNA (about 102 CFU/mL). To apply these LAMP assays to on-site detection, a direct DNA extraction method was optimized and combined with LAMP assay. Finally, direct LAMP assays were used to monitor the presence of B. longum subspecies in 16 probiotic products. They could specifically and sensitively detect target subspecies within approximately 45 min. These rapid on-site detection methods are useful for identifying B. longum subspecies in probiotic products.

Effect of a probiotic administration on inflammatory profile and clinical features in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence shows that the gut microbiota (GMB) may affect the inflammatory status and influence the pathogenesis of several brain disorders, including Alzheimer’s Disease. Moreover, it has been suggested that probiotics may have potential beneficial effects on the immune system via microbiome composition, influencing in turn also cognitive performances.MethodSixty‐two old subjects with normal cognitive performance and 37 AD patients were recruited and stool and blood samples were collected. Moreover, the group of AD patients received a probiotic administration for three months and stool and blood samples were collected again at the end of the treatment. Plasma levels of a panel of pro‐inflammatory cytokines were measured by using the High Sensitivity 9‐Plex Human ProcartaPlex™ Panel (IFN‐ϒ, IL‐1b, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐17A and TNFα, Thermo Fisher Scientific) on Luminex Bio‐Plex® 200™ system. Moreover, we also measured the plasma levels of C‐Reactive Protein (CRP) using the CRP Human Instant ELISA Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Bacterial composition of fecal samples was inferred using 16s sequencing; the levels of the short chain fatty acids acetate, propionate, valerate and butyrate were measured by mass spectrometry and adhesion molecules by FACS.ResultWe found higher levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6, IFN gamma, TNF‐alpha, IL‐1beta, and il12p70 and of IL‐2 and lower levels of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 in AD patients as compared to control subjects (all p<0.05). Moreover, we found a positive correlation between MMSE score and the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 (p=0.03, r=0.56). Interestingly, the three months treatment with the probiotic composition was able to significantly reduce the level of IL‐6 (p=0.03) and increase the levels of IL‐10 (p=0.023). Bioinformatic analyses on the 16s sequencing data as well as on the SCFAs and endothelial markers are ongoing.ConclusionInflammatory status is higher in AD patients as compared to control subjects and it correlates with cognitive performances. Interestingly probiotic composition is able to push down the inflammatory status in patients, possibly via changes in microbiome composition. Probiotics may be beneficial in delaying neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits in subjects at risk of developing Alzheimer Disease.

The student-centered classroom: the new gut feeling.

A student-centered, interactive course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) was implemented in a microbiology course in order to provide an authentic research experience and to stimulate student interest and improve understanding of fermentation, probiotics, the human microbiome and related topics. Students were immersed in the scientific process as they used fundamental techniques to investigate the probiotic composition of a fermented milk beverage, kefir-an unknown question with no predetermined outcomes. In order to assess the benefits and effect of this learning experience on the students, pre- and post-study surveys were administered using Qualtrics. Post-study, 93% of participants agreed that fermented foods are beneficial to human health (compared to 52% pre-study), and notably, 100% of participants indicated that they plan to apply this material in both their personal and professional lives and would suggest consuming probiotics or fermented products to alleviate gastrointestinal issues. As evidenced by demographic data, this CURE is suitable for implementation at both large and small institutions with diverse student populations. Collectively, these data indicate that this collaborative, discovery-based learning experience is a powerful educational tool, encouraging students to make real-life connections between microbiology, medicine and their own health.

From probiotics to psychobiotics - the gut-brain axis in psychiatric disorders.

This review aims to present a comprehensive state-of-the-art analysis of the bidirectional crosstalk between gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS). The literature concerning the potential effects of gut microbiota on psychiatric disorders through neural pathways comprising the 'gut-brain axis' were gathered. In addition, the influence of probiotics and prebiotics and dairy-rich diets combined with the intake of probiotics and prebiotics on gut microbiota and the subsequent relationship with brain function was reviewed. However, a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation in psychiatric disorders is lacking. Therefore, a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from January 1969 to December 2019 was conducted. It led to the identification of a total of 844 research articles. Of these, a total of 23 studies met the meta-analysis criteria. Statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in the symptoms of schizophrenia, stress, and anxiety between probiotic and placebo groups, post-intervention. Probiotic administration reduced depressive symptoms among patients with depression in a statistically significant manner (standardised mean difference (SMD) = -0.87; 95% confidence interval (95% confidence interval): -1.66, -0.99; P=0.03). Further evidence from larger and more rigorous studies with longer duration of probiotic administration, as well as well-defined populations, homogenous probiotic intervention and outcome measures, are needed to clarify the potential therapeutic effects of probiotics on psychiatric symptoms. Based on the current literature, it seems that not all probiotic-/prebiotic-/dairy-rich diet-based treatments exhibited a psychobiotic effect on the CNS. Among the parameters determining the success of the given treatment, the most significant were probiotic composition (multi-strain formulation), the quantity of ingested psychobiotics and the duration of the study.

Insight into the intestinal microbiome of farrowing sows following the administration of garlic (Allium sativum) extract and probiotic bacteria cultures under farming conditions

BackgroundDue to the tendency to reduce antibiotic use in humans and animals, more attention is paid to feed additives as their replacement. Crucial role of feed additives is to improve the health status, production efficiency and performance. In this original research, we estimate the potential influence of garlic (Allium sativum) extract and probiotic formula including Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus fermentum on the intestinal microbiota of sows, using the next generation sequencing method (NGS).ResultsOur results indicate that the overall species richness as well as the composition of swine gut microbiota may be shaped by regular feeding with supplemented additives. On the Family and Genus level both additives (garlic extract and probiotics) seem to decrease microbiome diversity and richness. However, when it comes to garlic supplementation, we found the opposite trend on the Species level.ConclusionsThe analysis of the selected microbial function indicates that both additives used in this study (garlic extract and composition of probiotics) seem to create a greater metabolic potential than estimated in a control group of sows. A general trend of losing or decreasing members of pathogenic species in the swine microbiome seems to occur in relation to both supplemented additives. In the prevention of some bacterial diseases supplemented additives could be considered for future use.

Composition and Laboratory Correlation of Commercial Probiotics in India.

ObjectivesProbiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host. Probiotics are currently being recommended and considered for many medical conditions. The Asia-Pacific region contributes to more than 40% of the global industry. Quality of commercial probiotics remains a challenge globally and has been a major concern in various countries in Europe, South Africa, Taiwan, India, Pakistan, and the USA. Research from these countries indicate that the contents do not correspond to the label information in terms of identity, viability, number of microorganisms or purity. The objective of this study is to assess the commercial probiotic bacterial contents and their label accuracy in India. No previous research has been done in this area in India, on commercial probiotics that are sold as “pharmaceuticals”.MethodsA random selection of the most prescribed probiotics for various clinical indications were chosen with a minimum shelf life of 12 months. The probiotics were single and multiple strains and these were evaluated by culture, viable plate count, DNA isolation and targeted metagenomics. Our study is the first step in scrutinizing probiotics in terms of quality and quantity analysis which are used across various age groups for multiple indications.ResultsOut of the 20 chosen probiotics eight products were single strain and 12 products were multiple strains. These probiotics showed very poor correlation between the declared contents on the pack and lab values in viable cell count colonies, the genus and species strain identification, presence of contaminants and these were confirmed with 16s RNA and next generation sequencing.ConclusionPoor correlation in the quality and quantity of probiotics proves that the label claim and actual claim of these “drugs” show exceptionally poor correlation and raises safety concerns in clinical use, especially in vulnerable age groups such as neonates, children and the elderly. Our study shows that “policing” of these probiotics is essential in protecting these patients who are at risk and ensuring quality control and helping clinicians making the right choice.

Challenging and Practical Aspects of Nutrition in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease.

There is a paucity of information about nutrition in chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The role of nutrition is important because malnutrition is strongly associated with severe chronic GVHD manifestations. There is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis in this setting. Here we review the literature, describe main aspects of nutrition and discuss macronutrients (ie, vitamins), micronutrients (ie, Mg, Zn, Ca, and K) and supplements (probiotics and omega 3 fatty acids). A search was carried out in March 2020 using PubMed. Databases were screened for searching terms in titles and abstracts referring to chronic GVHD, nutrition intervention, protein, and body composition. Data were extracted for the following outcomes: nutrition, nutrition intervention, chronic GVHD, nutrition deficiencies, diet, vitamin, dry eye, probiotic, protein, and body composition. In this report, we summarize interventional nutrition studies reported in oncology and metabolic syndrome settings and describe our nutritional clinical practice in hematopoietic cell transplantation and chronic GVHD. The impact of nutrition evaluation and intervention on muscle mass loss, dry eye, dysgeusia, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and comorbidities associated with chronic GVHD need to be studied prospectively.

EFEKTIVITAS KOMPOSISI PROBIOTIK YANG BERBEDA PADA TEKNOLOGI AKUAPONIK UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN LAJU PERTUMBUHAN DAN KONVERSI PAKAN IKAN GABUS (Channa sp.)

Snakehead (Channa sp.) was one of the superior freshwater fish species native to Indonesia that has been successfully domesticated. The increasing demand for snakehead fish on the market has resulted in the addition of cultivated land and water use. Aquaponics technology was a combination of fish farming and plants that grow without soil media. The aim of this research was to determine the best composition of probiotics that can be used in aquaponic technology to optimize growth rate and feed conversion of snakehead fish (Channa sp.). This research used an experimental method. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with four probiotic combination treatments and each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that awarding of different probiotic compositions in the aquaponic system resulted in a spesific growth rate that was not significantly (P>0.05) different between treatments. The highest value of spesific growth rate were in the treatment of probiotic composition of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a value of 4.11%/ day. Awarding of different probiotic compositions in the aquaponic system results in significantly (P<0.05) different feed conversion ratio values. The best feed conversion ratio values were in the treatment of probiotic composition of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a value of 1.78. The conclusion of this study was the composition of probiotic Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the best probiotic composition to increase the spesific growth rate and feed conversion ratio of snakehead fish.

Effect of Probiotic Feed Additives on Honeybee Colonies Overwintering

The paper presents the study on the effect of two types of probiotic feed additives of different composition on the quality of honeybee colonies during wintering. Feed additive called SpasiPchel contains 2 strains of bacteria Bacillus subtilis anfeed additive PcheloNormosil contains Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains and arabinogalactan (prebiotic isolated from Siberian larch needles). If honeybees received Spasipchel and Pchelonormosil during the feeding in cages their lifespan increased. Honeybee colonies that received Spasipchel in autumn exceeded the control group by 21.3% in colony strength and by 58.7% in the number of sealed brood in spring. Food consumption in these colonies per honeybee frame during the winter period was 22% lower. Honeybee colonies, that received PcheloNormosil feed additive, were slightly behind in strength compared to the control colony during spring, but surpassed it by 23.5% in the number of sealed brood. Further research should be made to identify optimal composition of probiotics that are better at preserving honeybee colonies under the conditions of the continental climate characterized by long cold winters.

Retail refrigerated probiotic foods and their association with evidence of health benefits.

Probiotic usage in food is widespread and growing. The objective of this study was to determine the percentage of probiotic food products sold in the refrigerated section of retail grocery stores in the Washington DC area that we could link to evidence of any health benefit. We surveyed refrigerated sections of eight large grocery stores representing five national chains for probiotic products. Based on declared probiotic composition (strain and count) for each product, we searched PubMed for controlled trials that provided evidence of any health benefit. Our assessment showed that 49% (22 out of 45 distinct probiotic foods) could be linked to evidence supporting a health benefit. All products indicating strain composition could be linked to evidence. Our study suggests that consumers have a reasonable likelihood of purchasing a refrigerated probiotic food with evidence, but room for improvement exists.

New insights on strain-specific impacts of probiotics on insulin resistance: evidence from animal study.

сomparative animal study of effectiveness of intermittent administration of lyophilized single-, three- and alive multistrain probiotic in short courses on insulin resistance (IR) in rats with experimental obesity. 70 rats were divided into 7 groups (n = 10 in each). Rats of group I were left intact. Newborn rats in groups II-VII were administered monosodium glutamate (MSG) (4mg/g) by injection. Rats in group II (MSG-obesity group) were left untreated. The rats in groups III-V received lyophilized mono-probiotics B.animalis VKL, B.animalis VKB, L.casei IMVB-7280 respectively. The rats in group VI received all three of these probiotic strains mixed together. Group VII was treated with multi-probiotic "Symbiter", containing 14 different live probiotic strains (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Propionibacterium, Acetobacter genera). Treatment of newborn rats with MSG lead to the development of obesity in all MSG-obesity rats and up to 20-70% after probiotic administration. Additions to probiotic composition, with preference to alive strains (group VII), led to significantly lower rates of obesity, decrease in HOMA-IR (p < 0.001), proinflammatory cytokines levels - IL-1β (p = 0.003), IL-12Bp40 (p < 0.001) and elevation of adiponectin (p = 0.003), TGF-β (p = 0.010) in comparison with MSG-obesity group. Analysis of results in groups treated with single-strain probiotics (groups III-V) shows significant decrease in HOMA-IR, but changes were less pronounced as compared to mixture groups and did not achieve intact rats level. Other metabolic parameters were not affected significantly by single strains. Our findings provide major clues for how to design and use probiotics with more efficient compositions in obesity and IR management and may bring new insights into how host-microbe interactions contribute to such protective effects.

Effect of Storage Conditions on The Characteristics and Composition of Fresh Goat Cheese Containing Probiotics

The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics and composition of soft cheese manufactured from goat milk, which contained probiotic bacteria, and stored at different temperatures for up to 90 days. Soft cheese was manufactured from fresh Indonesian Etawah goat milk, with a mix starter culture containing Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum (1:1). Animal rennet was added to facilitate curding. Fresh cheese produced was wrapped in linen clothes and stored under two different temperature conditions, which were high temperature (H:13-15oC) and low temperature (L: 8-10oC) for up to 90 days. Results showed that goat cheese was characterized as soft with mild goaty flavor, contained no less than 108 CFU of probiotic lactic acid bacteria, pH of 4.6, 0.5% free fatty acid, 57% moisture, crude 15% crude protein, 22% total fat and 2.5% mineral. Cheese underwent dehydration during storage which caused an increase in the relative proportion of protein, fat and mineral. The evolution of cheese’s pH, titratable acidity and composition was partly affected by storage temperature. At the end of storage periods (90 days) goat cheese was characterized as semi hard and, on average, contained 1.3-1.5% titratable acidity, pH of 4.94-4.95, 31.22-37.06% moisture, 24.59-24.09% crude protein, 33.51-36.17% total fat, and 5.64-5.53% minerals.. Cheese stored at high temperature has slight growth of mold at its surface, which was anormal condition during for cheese ripening. In conclusion, acceptable characteristics and composition of probiotic-containing cheese can be manufactured from milk of Indonesian Etawah goats and stored at temperature of 8-10oC for 90 days.

Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis.

Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis.

Composition and inclusion of probiotics in broiler diets alter intestinal permeability and spleen immune cell profiles without negatively affecting performance1.

Probiotic feed additives with potential to enhance performance, health, and immunity have gained considerable popularity in commercial broiler production. The study objectives were to measure broiler performance, gut integrity, and splenic immune cell profiles in birds fed one of two probiotics at two inclusion levels. Nine hundred sixty Ross 708 broilers (12 per pen) were randomly assigned to no additive control, 0.05% or 0.10% LactoCare (Lactobacillus reuteri), or 0.05% or 0.10% LactoPlan (Lactobacillus plantarum) dietary treatments for 6 wk. On day 27, a 20-pen subset was utilized for a fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) assay, where half of the pens were subject to a 12-h feed restriction (FR) pregavage. Serum collected from blood drawn 1-h postgavage was analyzed for relative fluorescence of FITC-d absorbed across the intestinal barrier as a gut leakiness indicator. On day 42, spleens from eight birds per treatment were collected for immune cell profile analysis by multicolor flow cytometry. Although performance outcomes were not affected by dietary treatment, FITC-d absorption post-FR was increased 57% in the 0.05% LactoPlan treatment, and was decreased by 12.6% in the 0.05% LactoCare diet, 12% in the 0.10% LactoCare diet, and 22% in the 0.10% LactoPlan diet compared with the control. This indicates a positive impact in barrier integrity maintenance due to 0.05% and 0.10% LactoCare and 0.10% LactoPlan diet following a challenge. Immune cell profiles varied between the two probiotic compositions, with an approximately 50% reduction in splenic innate immune cells (monocyte/macrophage+) in birds fed LactoPlan (P < 0.0001) and greater overall percentages of CD45+ leukocytes and CD3+ T cells in birds fed 0.10% LactoCare (P < 0.0001). LactoPlan diets shifted splenic T-cell populations in favor of CD8α + cytotoxic T cells (TC; P = 0.007), while higher inclusions (0.10%) of either probiotic increased the percentage of activated CD4+ helper T cells (TH; P < 0.0001). These results indicate that compositionally different probiotics had varying effects on the gut permeability and splenic immune cell profiles in broiler chickens, particularly at higher inclusion rates, but observed changes to underlying physiology did not negatively impact performance outcomes. The ability of a probiotic to alter gut permeability and immune cell profile, therefore, may depend on the compositional complexity of the product as well as inclusion rate.

Effect of probiotic composition on oxidative/antioxidant balance in blood of rats under experimental osteoarthriti

Effect of probiotic composition on oxidative/antioxidant balance in blood of rats under experimental osteoarthriti