Component Of Practice Research Articles

Knowledge, attitudes and practices in biosafety and biosecurity in medical biology laboratories in Togo, 2021

IntroductionFaced with the emergence of pandemics and the omnipresence of gaps in the process of controlling elements likely to impact the implementation of biosafety and biosecurity measures, the evaluation of the related determinants becomes an urgent necessity.MethodsThe subject addressed in this study was primarily aimed at exploring the current situation of knowledge, attitudes and practices of biosafety and biosecurity as well as the associated factors in medical biology laboratories in Togo in 2021. A cross-sectional study with an analytical focus among laboratory professionals was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Statistical tests were performed using Epi Info 7.2.3.0 (2019) and Stata 13 (2013) software.ResultsOf the 322 participants, 49.1% had good knowledge while 62.4% and 77.6% had good attitudes and practices respectively. In 23.4% (25/107) of the laboratories, the staff surveyed ate their meals in the manipulation room, of which 80.0% (20/25) were in the public sector. Although the results showed that respondents who had received prior training in this area had higher score on the knowledge component (p = 0.03), this intervention had no direct effect on the attitude (p = 0.91) or practice (p = 0.84) scores. Trained participants were significantly more likely to have good knowledge. Regional disparity was noted on the knowledge and practice components and several gaps were identified.DiscussionBiosafety and biosecurity remain a challenge in medical biology laboratories in Togo. Based on the gaps identified, training, substantial improvement of the working environment, and provision of resources to achieve optimal and sustainable biosafety and biosecurity practices in Togo are required.

A systematic review of interventions to improve the diet of children

Abstract Aim The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate robust interventions across seven eating practice outcomes and to consider potential modifiers, including parental involvement, intervention setting, and quality of food practice evaluation. Methods The search procedure reflected Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Web of Science, PsychInfo, PubMed, and Elton B. Stephens Company (EBSCO) (2004–2019) were searched for studies that aimed to change children’s (2 to 12 years old) diet (one or more eating practice components: fruit, vegetables, whole grains, lower saturated fat, lower sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), intake of dairy, diet quality). Of 2316 papers, 22 met inclusion criteria. Results Fruits (n = 12) and vegetables (n = 15) were the most frequent outcomes. Half of fruit-targeted, two-thirds of vegetable-targeted, half of fruit/vegetable-targeted, eight of nine SSB-targeted, and one of two whole grain-targeted outcomes showed significant improvements. The actual food intake change was modest in most cases. Eighteen interventions included parents, although the four that did not also reported significant outcomes. Most studies were conducted in schools, early childcare, or after-school programs (n = 13) with significant improvements in most settings. Only about half of the studies involving children < 10 years used proxy reporting/direct observation. Eight studies included no reliability, validity, or citation for the method of dietary measurement. Conclusion Robust studies continue to focus on one or two foods, parental involvement may be beneficial depending on the intervention, and more research is needed to establish best practices across all settings.

The confidence and competence of speech language pathologists in augmentative and alternative communication: a scoping review

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is a core component of speech pathology practice. However, international literature has highlighted that speech language pathologists (SLPs) may not feel confident or competent in this area. Confidence and competence are critical factors in therapy as they can impact the quality-of-service provision. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the confidence/competence of SLPs in AAC. A systematic scoping search was conducted using four databases to identify relevant literature. The first two authors reviewed 30% of abstracts and the remaining 70% were reviewed by the first author. Full-text screening applied the same review approach. Data was then extracted and organized according to the research questions. Thirteen studies were included in the review. All thirteen used self-assessment to measure confidence or competence with one study also using an objective evaluation. Overall, confidence and competence levels varied based on the specific clinical task and etiology of the client in addition to being influenced by prior training, clinician age, workplace and AAC caseload. While current research provides a snapshot of the SLP workforce, it is limited in that the research predominantly uses self-assessment measures, is cross-sectional and is quantitative in nature. Further research into the confidence and competence of SLPs in AAC is required, specifically how confidence and competence can be defined and developed.

Illuminating the dark side: Life story and formulation work to understand criminogenic capacities and human harmfulness

The assessment of risk is a central component of forensic practice with clinicians regularly being required to undertake formal risk assessments using Structured Professional Judgment tools. While these tools guide practitioners to identify areas of concern, they do little to establish the function of risk factors or the context(s) that influenced the consolidation of harmful capacities. In this paper we argue for a compassionate approach to risk assessment that incorporates a functional analysis of the influence of learning experiences and promotes insight into the initial function of risks. We attempt to illustrate this process using case studies throughout.

Model order estimation in multi-component chirp signals

Real datasets exhibiting non-constant frequencies, can be analyzed with the help of multi-component chirp signals adequately. This requires estimation of the number of chirp components in practice. The problem of estimation becomes difficult when the data is composed of moderate to large number of chirp components. We propose Bayesian approach to estimate the number of components of a multi-component chirp model using an approximation to the mode of the posterior distribution. This approximation is motivated from the relation between mode of the obtained posterior and the sequential least squares estimators. Extensive numerical simulations highlight superior performance of the proposed estimators than that of the estimators based on Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion and asymptotic maximum a posteriori probability, for a large range of signal-to-noise ratio levels. We further illustrate the implementation of the proposed estimators through two real data examples.

Perception, Knowledge, Indications, and Future Prospects of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has become integral across medical specialties globally, addressing clinical queries, guiding procedures, and bridging the gap between physical examination and advanced imaging. Early ultrasound training for medical students enhances clinical decision-making and reduces diagnostic errors. Aims To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of senior medical students towards POCUS and to assess knowledge gaps and difficulties encountered by senior medical students to assist in the development of future curricula. Methodology This is an observational, cross-sectional approach to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice ofPOCUSamong senior medical students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted from January to September 2023. An electronic questionnaire was distributed through online platforms utilizing medical school databases across various regions. The survey encompassed sociodemographics, training methods, diagnostic indications, and participants' self-reported proficiency and attitudes toward POCUS. The data was chiefly collected using the Likert scale. Descriptive statisticswere used to describe the quantitative and categorical variables. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine correlations. Results A total of 359 senior medical students completed the survey. Most responders were females (57.9%) with the predominating age group being ≤ 24 years (83.6%). The students predominantly were from the Central region of Saudi Arabia (75.5%). Ultrasound training varied among responders; 31.5% received formal courses (median duration: two hours) and 23.4% informal courses (median duration: four hours). Around 17.3% practiced POCUS self-teaching (median duration: four hours). A total of 3.6% had formal POCUS accreditation. A gargantuan 82.2% never used POCUS in their attached hospital for a variety of reasons.Multivariable logistic binary regression analysis showed a positive correlationbetween students' self-teaching of POCUS and their perceived difficulty performing an ultrasound examination for patients in daily practice. Discussion A comparable study was done at King Saud binAbdulazizUniversity for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) in 2022 surveying 229 senior medical students byRajendramet al. In their study, 21.4% completed formal courses and 12.7% took informal courses. While many students in our study were not exposed to POCUS (82.2%), KSAU-HS reported a higher percentage reaching 94.8%. A study by Russel et al. demonstrated more than half of 154 surveyed medical schools in the United States have implemented POCUS into their students' curriculum. Conclusion POCUS stands as a valuable skill that can enhance the educational journey of undergraduate medical students. Considering that a significant number of participants haven't yet taken formal medical school courses suggests a lack of awareness about its significance in the medical field. Offering additional courses with practical components could enhance the proficiency, confidence, and outlook of medical students toward POCUS.

Evaluating The Potential of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis in Floating Wetland for The Remediation of Water Bodies Polluted with Domestic Sewage

The inadequate infrastructure for wastewater treatment in many regions has led to the contamination of surface water bodies and groundwater degradation. To address this issue, floating wetland treatment systems have emerged as a viable alternative for effective wastewater remediation. This study focuses exclusively on utilizing Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, a tropical ornamental plant, within the context of floating wetland treatment techniques for the remediation of domestic wastewater. The primary objective is to assess the nutrient and pollutant removal efficiency of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis in a laboratory-scale floating wetland system. Healthy Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plants were cultivated on identical floating rafts and placed in plastic tanks filled with domestic sewage for experimental investigation. Water quality analyses were conducted regularly, spanning 0, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days HRT. The results of this experimental investigation revealed that Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, when used in floating wetland treatment, exhibited significant removal efficiencies for various parameters, including turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia, and dissolved oxygen (DO).These findings highlight the potential of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plants as a practical component of floating wetland systems for removing nutrients and pollutants from domestic wastewater. This research underscores the viability of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis as a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution to address water pollution challenges, particularly in the context of floating wetland treatment.

Pelvic floor muscle training patient reported Outcome Measures (PROM) (PFMT-P): Turkish adaptation and its validity and relibiality

ObjectiveAlthough there are several patient reported outcome measures (PROM) regarding knowledge, source of knowledge and practice about pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), there is a lack of a valid and reliable PROM that includes the practice component of PFMT along with knowledge and source of knowledge. There is no valid and reliable measurement tool in Turkish used for this purpose. In this context, the aim of our study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) (PFMT-P) and to test whether it is a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish women. Study designThis study has been carried out psychometric testing (validity and reliability) of a new assessment tool concerning PFMT-P. A total of 170 female healthcare professionals (midwives, nurses, doctors, physiotherapists) who were between the ages of 23 and 49 and who volunteered to participate were included in the study. SPSS 25.0 and LİSREL 8.80 statistical programs were used for the analysis of data. Descriptive statistics were evaluated with numbers, percentages and means. Content validity index and confirmatory factor analysis were used for validity. Cronbach Alpha value and test–retest were used for reliability. Level of significance was p < 0.05. ResultsContent validity index (CVI) was found to be 0.96 for the overall scale. Model fit indices were found as perfect and good matched. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found as 0.813 for the overall scale. Test-retest correlation was found as 0.658, it was 0.998 for practice component and 0.997 for source of knowledge component and a positive, significant and high correlation was found. ConclusionsIt has been determined that PFMT-P is a valid and reliable measurement tool suitable for Turkish culture. With this, it is a short, comprehensive and useful tool that can be used in both pregnancy and the postpartum period for women of reproductive age or menopause.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, validation of King's Health Questionnaire in the Marathi language.

Outcome measurement is a crucial component of contemporary professional practice. Many Indian rehabilitation facilities employ the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), but there has never been an official Marathi translation with its reliability and validity. As per the recommendations for cross-cultural validation of an outcome assessment, KHQ was translated into the Marathi language at a tertiary hospital in Pune, India. A study was conducted to assess the dependability of 123 patients from tertiary hospitals in India. The reliability of the study was assessed by two competent physiotherapists. The interrater reliability of the KHQ total scores and each item was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To compare the interrater dependability with the findings of other investigations, the intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient was determined. When evaluated by domain, the KHQ's standardized Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.49-0.92. All domains had reliability that was rated as moderate to strong by ICC, and the severity rating scale varied from 0.53 to 0.81. The Pearson correlation coefficient between KHQ and short form-36 (SF-36) in the majority of related areas was found to be weak to moderate, with values ranging from -0.27 to -0.53. The Marathi version of the KHQ was translated and adapted for use in Marathi language-speaking Indian women with urinary incontinence complaints. It represents an important instrument for the evaluation of incontinent women in clinical research with good interrater reliability and validity with SF-36 quality-of-life measure.

Clinical Research Primer for Medical Students: Overview and Illustrative Experiences

Abstract Background The ability to participate in clinical scholarship is a foundational component of modern evidence-based medical practice, empowering improvement across essentially every aspect of clinical care. In tandem, the need for comprehensive exposure to clinical research has been identified as a critical component of medical student training and preparation for residency that is underserved by traditional undergraduate medical education models. The goal of the current work was to provide guidelines and recommendations to assist novice medical students in taking ownership of their research education. Methods The Clinical Research Primer was composed from pooled research documents compiled by the study authors and our institutional neurosurgery student research group. The Primer was then structured as the natural evolution of a research project from its inception through the submission process. Results We divided the foundational components of the Clinical Research Primer into seven domains, each representing a landmark in the development of a peer-reviewed study, and a set of skills critical for junior scholars to develop. These vital components included the following: pitching and designing clinical studies, developing a research workflow, navigating the Institutional Review Board, data collection and analysis, manuscript writing and editing, submission mechanics, and tracking research projects for career development. Conclusion We anticipate that the tools included in the Clinical Research Primer will increase student research productivity and preparedness for residency. Although our recommendations are informed by our experiences within neurosurgery, they have been written in a manner that should generalize to almost any field of clinical study.

Occupational stressors and associated factors among dentists in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

Background. The health and well-being of dentists are essential components of a successful dental practice. Many studies showing high levels of stress, burnout, and psychological distress reported by dental professionals. Objective. To assess the main occupational stressors among dentists practicing in Erbil city and to identify the associated factors that lead to or aggravate these stressors experienced in the work environment. Subjects, materials and methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from August to October 2023. Data were collected from private and two government dental teaching institutions, along with accessible dental clinical practices. A total of 220 dentists were recruited. A modified version of the Occupational Stress Indicator questionnaire was used to assess the stressors. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Kurdistan Board for Medical Specialties. The questionnaire consisted of two sections, the first gathering demographic and professional data of the participants, while the second section contained 33 items assessing the causes of stress. Participants rated the frequency of stressors using a scale of “never”, “seldom”, “sometimes”, “often”, “very often”, and “always”. Results. The response rate was 199/220 (90.5%). 64.3% of participants were younger than 38 years. Males contributed for 57.3%. The mean total stress score was 90 ± 17.6. Higher stress score was significantly associated with the presence of health problems, (p&lt;0.05). A lower mean stress score was reported among dentists who were practicing their job only in private clinics, (p&lt;0.05). No other factors showed a significant correlation with stress scores. Conclusion. Dentistry is a stressful profession and there are significant stressors that dental professionals face in their daily work, which can have implications for their overall well-being and the quality of patient care. There is a significant association between stress levels and the presence of health problems, as well as the place of employment.

Learning from success in the supervision process

Supervision forms an essential component of professional social work practice. It supports the development of the capacity and skills of both students as emerging practitioners and of more experienced social workers. Reflection is a key part of supervision because social work practice is constantly evolving due to rapid change in society. Supervision provides social work practitioners and students with an opportunity to speak openly and honestly about their work, and the everyday feelings and emotions they face whilst in practice. This enables both improvement in practice and prevents the buildup of stress. In this article, we explore different methods of supervision utilised in social work and highlight implementation in Slovenia and England. We developed our own framework of supervision drawing on our knowledge of research from Slovenia and England; moreover, we engaged in informal discussion with colleagues in England, and a more formal process with supervisors in Slovenia, to inform the development of this model. This article thus reports the conceptual findings of a study and introduces our own model of reflective supervision, which is founded on the premise that we learn better from good experiences than from mistakes. We believe that through the proposed format of appreciative practice, we can move from deficit-based practice to strengths-focused practice. Key words social work; reflective practice; co-creation; group work; professional development

Perception and Use of Herbal Medicine in General Practice Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia.

In Saudi Arabia, herbal medicine is an essential component of traditional health practices, reflecting a deep cultural appreciation for natural remedies. Despite widespread use, comprehensive data on perceptions and utilization among general practice patients are scarce. This study aims to elucidate the patterns of herbal medicine use, associated beliefs, and communication with healthcare professionals in this context. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed through social media and professional networks, targeting adult residents of Saudi Arabia. The survey encompassed questions on demographic characteristics, use of herbal medicine, reasons for use, sources of herbal products, perceptions of efficacy and safety, and discussions with healthcare professionals about herbal medicine usage. The survey was completed by 1,184 participants, with 736 (62%) reporting the use of herbal medicines in the past 12 months. Among these users, the age group 30-39 was most represented (328/1,184, 27.8%), while participants over 60 were the least (66/1,184, 5.6%). Herbal medicines were primarily used for general wellness (332/736, 45%) and treatment of specific ailments (221/736, 30%). The majority obtained their herbal medicines from pharmacies (427/736, 58%), and 294 (40% of users) used them as alternatives to prescribed medications. Only 259 (35% of herbal medicine users) had discussed their usage with healthcare professionals. Most users believed in the safety (515/736, 70%) and effectiveness (478/736, 65%) of herbal remedies, with a significant portion (626/736, 85%) advocating for more scientific research. This study reveals a significant engagement with and positive perception of herbal medicine among general practice patients in Saudi Arabia, alongside a notable gap in communication between patients and healthcare providers. The findings highlight the need for integrating discussions on herbal medicine into patient care, encouraging evidence-based, safe use through better-informed healthcare practices.

Fatigue life prediction of notched components under size effect based on strain energy density gradient

AbstractIn practical mechanical components, the characteristic of geometric discontinuous generates non‐uniform energy field near the notch, which affects the local damage evolution process of the notched specimens. Therefore, it is particularly crucial to formulate a parameter that can characterize such inhomogeneous state distribution. First, a strain energy density gradient factor is introduced to describe the complexity of strain energy density distribution near the notch. Meanwhile, a size effect factor is given considering the strain energy gradient factor and notch geometry parameter. Then, taking into account the impact of phase difference, a direct damage parameter considering non‐proportionality of different multiaxial load levels is developed. Furtherly, the modified strain energy density parameter is determined. Finally, the comparison between the proposed model and the other three models emphasizes the advantages of the model.

Integrating UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS with serum pharmacochemistry network and experimental verification to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of Cynanchi stauntonii rhizoma et radix against sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

Introduction: Patients with sepsis are at an incremental risk of acute lung injury (ALI). Baiqian, also known as Cynanchi stauntonii rhizoma et radix (Csrer), has anti-inflammatory properties and is traditionally used to treat cough and phlegm. This study aimed to demonstrate the multicomponent, multitarget, and multi-pathway regulatory molecular mechanisms of Csrer in treating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Methods: The bioactive components of Csrer were identified by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS). Active targets predicted from PharmMapper. DrugBank, OMIM, TTD, and GeneCards were used to identify potential targets related to ALI. Intersection genes were identified for Csrer against ALI. The PPI network was analysed to identify prime targets. GO and KEGG analyses were performed. A drug-compound-target-pathway-disease network was constructed. Molecular docking and simulations evaluated the binding free energy between key proteins and active compounds. The protective effect and mechanism of Csrer in ALI were verified using an ALI model in mice. Western blot, Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining evaluated the mechanisms of the pulmonary protective effects of Csrer. Results: Forty-six bioactive components, one hundred and ninety-two potential cross-targets against ALI and ten core genes were identified. According to GO and KEGG analyses, the PI3K-Akt, apoptosis and p53 pathways are predominantly involved in the "Csrer-ALI" network. According to molecular docking and dynamics simulations, ten key genes were firmly bound by the principal active components of Csrer. The "Csrer-ALI" network was revealed to be mediated by the p53-mediated apoptosis and inflammatory pathways in animal experiments. Conclusion: Csrer is a reliable source for ALI treatment based on its practical components, potential targets and pathways.

Key predictors of food security and nutrition in Africa: a spatio-temporal model-based study

There is voluminous literature on Food Security in Africa. This study explicitly considers the spatio-temporal factors in addition to the usual FAO-based metrics in modeling and understanding the dynamics of food security and nutrition across the African continent. To better understand the complex trajectory and burden of food insecurity and nutrition in Africa, it is crucial to consider space-time factors when modeling and interpreting food security. The spatio-temporal anova model was found to be superior(employing statistical criteria) to the other three models from the spatio-temporal interaction domain models. The results of the study suggest that dietary supply adequacy, food stability, and consumption status are positively associated with severe food security, while average food supply and environmental factors have negative effects on Food Security and Nutrition. The findings also indicate that severe food insecurity and malnutrition are spatially and temporally correlated across the African continent. Spatio-temporal modeling and spatial mapping are essential components of a comprehensive practice to reduce the burden of severe food insecurity. likewise, any planning and intervention to improve the average food supply and environment to promote sustainable development should be regional instead of one size fit all.

Research on Practical Teaching Reform of Applied University Courses: A Case Study of "Concrete Structure Design"

By analyzing the current situation and deficiencies of the teaching of concrete structure design courses, summarizing teaching experience, and combining with the characteristics of our university's "applied" talent training, this study explores the teaching reform of concrete structure design courses for the 2021 level civil engineering majors. The exploration primarily focuses on optimizing teaching content, improving teaching methods, strengthening practical components, and diversifying assessment methods. Practice has shown that this approach has a demonstrative effect on undergraduate teaching in civil engineering at our university.

The impact of preceptorship on the newly qualified nurse and preceptors working in a critical care environment: An integrative literature review.

Preceptorship has been found to be effective in supporting Newly Qualified Nurses (NQNs) during their transition into challenging environments, particularly in addressing issues related to confidence and anxiety. Effective preceptorship is an element of best practice and essential to support NQNs' transition into the critical care setting. However, the impact of preceptorship on NQNs and their preceptors in critical care units is yet to be completely understood. To review the impact of preceptorship on NQNs and preceptors working in a critical care environment. An integrative literature review of the literature. The review employed Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) five-stage integrative review approach. Three databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO) were searched for papers published between January 2010 and May 2022. The PRISMA framework was used to guide the search and screening. Thematic analysis was used to extract, organize and analyse the data. Nine studies were included in this review. Reflective thematic analysis revealed three themes, with four related subthemes. Preceptorship has an impact on the development of the NQNs and preceptors' 'nurturing' relationship. NQNs develop their knowledge, competence and confidence when experiencing supportive preceptorship. Meanwhile, preceptors experience a combination of increased workload and opportunities for learning and professional development as a result of preceptorship. There is evidence of the impact of preceptorship on learning and professional development for both NQNs and preceptors, but this is a complex phenomenon and further research is required to understand this area more fully. In nursing practice, it is well-established that Newly Qualified Nurses (NQNs) often face heightened levels of anxiety and a lack of confidence when embarking on their careers, particularly in the demanding and stressful environment of critical care units. This review holds particular significance in the realm of clinical practice as it delves into the pivotal role of preceptorship in nurturing the professional growth and development of NQNs within the challenging domain of critical care. Effective preceptorship, as an essential component of best practice, plays a pivotal role in aiding NQNs' transition into critical care settings.

Evaluation of Safety of 9- and 6-Month Treatment Regimens in Patients with Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Republic of Belarus

The objective: to evaluate the safety of 39- and 24-week treatment regimens in the patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB).Subjects and Methods. Cohorts of patients with RR-TB were treated with the following regimens: 550 patients received modified short course treatment regimens (mSCT), and 139 patients were treated with BPaLM regimen. Serious adverse events (SAEs) and adverse events of special interest (AESI) of grade 3 or higher were assessed according to the EndTB Severity Grading Scale, Version 5.Results. In mSCT cohort, 113 SAEs were reported, in BPaLM cohort, 12 SAEs were reported, at least 1 SAE was reported in 16.0% and 7.2% of patients, respectively. In mSCT cohort, 37 AESI were reported in 5.8% of patients. Of the 150 SAEs/AESI reported in mSCT cohort, 78.7% have resolved, 4.0% are being resolved, 0.7% have resolved with sequelae, and 2.7% have not resolved. Of the 12 SAEs in BPaLM cohort, 66.7% have resolved, 16.7% are being resolved, and 8.3% have resolved with sequelae. Drugs were discontinued in 16.8% of SAEs, 8.1% of AESI in mSCT cohort, and 25.0% of SAEs in BPaLM cohort. In mSCT cohort, 21 patients died during treatment, only in 6 patients the influence of anti-tuberculosis drugs on the fatal outcome could not be ruled out, in 15 cases there was no such a correlation. In BPaLM cohort, 1 patient died due to progression of concomitant cancer.Conclusions. SAEs/AESI rarely occur with mSCT and BPaLM regimens and rarely lead to treatment discontinuation. Appropriate monitoring and management of SAEs/AESI is an important component of clinical practice.

Debating: effective and satisfactory learning method in dentistry

BackgroundEducation in the modern world of health needs diverse methods of learning and teaching. The traditional education model has limited capacity for developing abilities such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and reasoning skills. Therefore, improving the quality of teaching–learning processes requires implementing educational innovations in the classroom and evaluating them. This study aimed to determine the impact of the debate teaching method on improving the abilities of general dentistry doctoral students.MethodsThe research was a semi-experimental study with pre-tests and post-tests to measure the knowledge and abilities of students. The study included 60 dental students who completed the fall 2022 session of the Community Oral Health (COH) 2 practical course. This course, one of three practical components within the Community Oral Health curriculum, aligns with the educational framework of general dentistry. Challenging topics on which there is no consensus in dentistry were chosen for the debate. The descriptive statistics indicators include an independent t-test and variance analysis test with a significance level of 5%. Were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe results of the study showed that the average total knowledge (P < 0.001), 'perception of critical thinking skills (P < 0.001), expression power (P < 0.001), reasoning skills (P = 0.003), interpretation and Information analysis power (P < 0.001), the ability to find and use scientific databases (P < 0.001) and the ability to analyze and evaluate evidence (P < 0.001) increased significantly after intervention in students. 95% of students agreed/strongly agreed that this method enhances their ability to answer people's questions. From an instructor’s point of view, students had 93.1% of the ability to reason and analyze information after intervention and 88.5% of the ability to think critically.ConclusionThe results of the study showed that the use of debate in the classroom is an effective way to present content. The process of evaluating data-driven arguments promotes higher-level cognitive skills and teaches students about the knowledge base and the use of scientific databases.Trial registrationRegistration date: 21/11/2022, Registration number: IRCT20141128020129N3.