Component Composition Of Essential Oil Research Articles

COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ARTEMISIA SANTOLINIFOLIA TURCZ EX BESS. ESSENTIAL OIL

Purpose. To conduct a comparative analysis of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of components of essential oils isolated from different organs of Artemisia santolinofolia, and also to study the influence of weather conditions on the accumulation and composition of essential oils. Material and methods. The object of the study is the aerial part of A. santolinifolia, collected in the Okinsky district of the Republic of Buryatia during the flowering phase, in August 2016, 2017, 2019. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation. The component composition was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry with an Agilent Packard HP 6890 gas chromatograph with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (HP MSD 5973N). Results. The highest content of essential oils is in inflorescences (0.7%) and leaves (0.7%), less in the aerial parts (0.5%) and stems (0.4%). Monoterpenoids mainly accumulate in inflorescences, sesquiterpenoids are mostly found in leaves and stems. Dominant components characteristic of all parts of the plant: 1,8-cineole (1.5–9.1%), terpineol-4 (0.7–2.8%), bornyl-2-methylbutonoate (1.5–1.8), camphor (0.4–39.5%), borneol (0.7–6.4%), bornyl acetate (3.1–5.0%), davana ether (isomer 1) (1.9–5.3%), davana ester (isomer 2) (1.1–3.2%), davanone (0.6–12.4%), caryophiollene (0.5–2.0%), bicyclogermacrene ( 0.7–6.2%), spatulenol (0.8–19.9%). The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) was calculated and a positive correlation between HTC and the content of essential oil in the raw material was shown. Conclusions. For the first time, the component composition of essential oils isolated from the inflorescences, leaves, and stems of Artemisia santolinofolia was studied; 60 compounds related to mono- and sesquiterpene compounds were identified. The dominant components of essential oils were identified. A study of the dynamics of accumulation showed that oils are contained in all organs of the plant, therefore the entire above-ground part of the plant is collected; the optimal period for collecting raw materials is the flowering phase. The content of essential oils depends more on the amount of precipitation than on the average monthly temperature.

Experimental study of the structure of variability of natural populations of Origanum vulgare L. from mountainous Dagestan, Russia

Aim. To identify plasticity and stability and to evaluate interpopulation differentiation in terms of accumulation of secondary metabolites in an ecological and geographical experiment with two model populations of Origanum vulgare L., belonging to different subspecies and vicarious along the altitudinal gradient.Material and Methods. Ecological and geographical experiment with transplanted plants of Origanum vulgare L. at two experimental bases, at altitudes of 1100 and 1730 m and simulating the conditions of the mountain‐valley and upper mountain belts. The total content of antioxidants was determined by the electrochemical method. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation on a Clevenger apparatus. The component composition of the oil was established on a gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector. Components were identified using mass spectra libraries.Results. We studied the structure of variability in the yield and component composition of essential oil, as well as the total antioxidant activity in two populations of Origanum vulgare L. belonging to different subspecies. Regularities have been revealed that make it possible to attribute the studied populations to foothill and highland ecotypes.Conclusions. The yield of essential oil and the content of total antioxidants are clearly correlated with the conditions in the experimental plots and are not associated with microevolutionary processes under the control of abiotic factors of the altitudinal gradient.

Comparative Analysis of Chemical Compositions of Mentha L. Plant Extracts by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry after Hydrodistillation and Subcritical Extraction

The results of a study of the composition of essential oil and extracts obtained by hydrodistillation and subcritical extraction from plants of the genus Mentha L. are presented. The test samples were peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and horsemint (Mentha longifolia L.). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to identify and compare the component composition of essential oils and extracts from Mentha L. plants. The composition of the essential oil of horsemint differs from the essential oil of peppermint by the high concentration of linalool and the absence of pulegone and piperitone. The component composition of the extracts of peppermint and horsemint, obtained under conditions of subcritical extraction with water and acetone, was studied. The concentration of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and esters increased in the transition from the essential oil to the acetone subcritical extract of both types of mint. In the water extract of peppermint, there were practically no sesquiterpenoids or esters; there was a general decrease in the yield of all components compared to the essential oil and acetone extract.

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric characteristics of essential oils of plants of the genus Pycnanthemum (Lamiaceae) and peculiarities of their application in practice

Background. Not all plants are capable of producing essential oil (EO). There are 3.000 different plant EOs described in the world, but only 10 % of them are widely used by humans. In particular, perfumery and the food industry use the largest amount of natural EOs – 30 % and 40 % of the world production, respectively. A thorough study of EOs, knowledge of their components in both chemical and pharmacological sense will facilitate the improvement of the quality of human life. The purpose of our experimental study was to determine the EO potential of four species of the genus Pycnanthemum Michx. (Lamiaceae): P. montanum Michx., P. muticum (Michx.) Pers., P. tenuifolium Schrad., P. verticillatum var. pilosum (Nutt.) Cooperr. introduced in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The above plants are representatives of the flora of North America. Methods. The EOs were obtained in laboratory conditions by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. The raw material of the plants – a blended mass of leaves, inflorescences and the herbaceous part of the stem was used in an air-dry state. Harvesting of raw materials was carried out during the flowering phase of plants. The EOs content is given in terms of an absolute dry weight. The identification of compounds and their amount in each EO was determined by the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results. In the conditions of the forest-steppe of Ukraine, the introduced species of plants of the genus Pycnanthemum show a high level of EOs biosynthesis – 0.53–3.34 %. The dominant compounds common to the obtained essential oils are Pulegone, Isomenthone, and Isopinocamphone. The indicators of the content of pulegone exceed those of other compounds and reach 48.14–73.93 %. Pulegone is a controversial organic compound, since it exhibits a high biological activity and possesses pharmacological properties suitable for use in medical practice, but when cleaved, it forms toxic metabolites, in particular mentofuran. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that plants of the genus Pycnanthemum, which are little known in Ukraine, have a high EO potential under the proposed growth conditions. Due to this, they are potential objects for use in domestic cultural phytocenoses. Considering the component composition of EOs with the dominant Pulegone, their consumption requires correct dosage.

Component composition of essential oil of Rhodiola algida (Ledeb.) Fisch & C.A. Mey and its biological activity

Component composition of essential oil of Rhodiola algida (Ledeb.) Fisch & C.A. Mey and its biological activity

Influence of Essential Oils on the Formation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilms

The accumulation of biofilm by Streptococcus mutans bacteria on dental hard tissues leads to dental caries which remains one of the most common oral diseases. Therefore, the development of new antibacterial agents is critical. The aim of the study was to analyze the component composition of essential oils for 4 species of common Kazakh plants (Hyssopus ambiguus (Trautv.) Iljin., Nepeta cataria L., Origanum vulgare L., Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam) and study their effect on the formation of biofilms of Streptococcus mutans. After hydrodistillation, the chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed using gas chromatography in conjunction with mass spectrometry. The amount of biofilm formed by the bacteria Streptococcus mutans was assessed using the colorimetric method and optical profilometry. Results. Using GC-MS analysis, the chemical composition of 4 plant species of the Lamiaceae family was established. 1.8-cineole is the main ingredient for the essential oils of Hyssopus ambiguus and Nepeta cataria, carvacrol for Origanum vulgare, pullegon for Ziziphora clinopodioides, and nepetolactone for Nepeta cataria. As a result of the experiment Origanum vulgare and Nepeta cataria essential oils demonstrated the highest suppressive effect on S. mutans biofilm formation in the medium containing 1% sucrose. Conclusion. The results of the research can be used to develop new therapeutic and prophylactic dental products.

Research in components of essential oils from flowers and leaves of the genus Alchemilla L. species

The genus Alchemilla L. has about 1000 species in the world flora, of which 35 grow in Ukraine. The most common in Ukraine are A. flabellata Bus., A. phegophila Juz. and A. subrenata Bus. Despite the widespread distribution of species of the genus Alchemilla L. and the publication of a monograph on the herb of the collective species - Herba Alchemillae (Alchemiilla vulgaris L. sensu latiore) in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, the chemical composition, and pharmacological properties of species of the genus Alchemilla L. are insufficiently studied, therefore, it is advisable to study the chemical composition of the most common species of flora of Ukraine for their introduction into medical and pharmaceutical practice.
 The aim of the work was to study the component composition and quantitative content of essential oils of flowers and leaves of some species of the genus Alchemilla L.
 Materials and methods. Flowers and leaves of Alchemilla. flabellata Bus., Alchemilla phegophila Juz. and Alchemilla subrenata Bus. harvested in the Ivano-Frankivsk region in 2020 - 2021.
 The component composition and quantitative content of essential oils were determined by chromato-mass spectrometric method. The compounds were identified by comparing the obtained mass spectra of the chromatographic peak with the mass spectra of the reference compounds and based on comparison with the spectra of the database. Quantitative determination of the content of substances in the raw material was performed in comparison with a standard sample of menthol.
 Results. The essential oil of flowers and leaves of Alchemilla. flabellata Bus., Alchemilla phegophila Juz. and Alchemilla subrenata Bus were obtained. It was found that the highest content of essential oils was characterized by Alchemilla. flabellata Bus. flowers (16884.6 mg / kg), and the least essential oil was contained in the leaves of Alchemilla Phegophila Juz. (4895.5 mg / kg). As a result of studying the component composition of essential oils of flowers and leaves of Alchemilla flabellata Bus., Alchemilla Phegophila Juz. and Alchemilla subrenata Bus. 48, 51 and 47 compounds were identified, of which 44, 48 and 43 were identified, respectively. 31 components of essential oil were common in the studied samples of raw materials.
 Conclusions. Due to the component composition of the essential oil of flowers and leaves of Alchemilla. flabellata Bus., Alchemilla phegophila Juz. and Alchemilla subrenata Bus., as well as considering the known pharmacological activity of its components, it is advisable to conduct further pharmacological studies of raw materials of the genus Alchemilla L. to study their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties

Component composition of essential oils of grass Teucrium chamaedrys L. using gas chromatography method with mass detection

Search among the flora of Ukraine for new sources of biologically active substances to create potential domestic highly effective drugs of plant origin - one of the most current issues of modern pharmacy. In this case, the search is most appropriate to conduct among plants that have many years of experience in folk medicine and a sufficient raw material base. Such plant is Teucrium chamaedrys L. – a plant of the Lamiales family, which has long been used in folk medicine and is widespread throughout Ukraine. However, in the literature, there are only isolated and contradictory data on the chemical composition of the grove.
 The work aimed was to study volatile compounds of grass Teucrium chamaedrys L. using gas chromatography with mass detection.
 The object of the study was the grass of the Teucrium chamaedrys L., collected during the flowering period in the Kyiv region in May–June 2019. Chromatographic study of extracts was performed on a gas chromatograph Agilent 6890 (Agilent Technologies, USA), equipped with a mass spectrometric detector (model 5973). Identification of the study was carried out by comparing the components of the mass spectra and retention times of the components.
 As a result of the conducted researches, 47 volatile components were found in the extract of the grass, of which 42 were identified: monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpenoids, terpene hydrocarbons, etc. The highest concentration among the volatile compounds of the grass has the sesquiterpenoid chamazulene, the content of which is 53.2 mg/kg of raw material, or 15.9% of the content of all volatile compounds of the object of study. The volatile compound viridiflorol has a slightly lower content, the content of which is 32.8 mg/kg of raw material (9.8% of all volatile compounds of grass).
 The majority of substances of the volatile fraction of the grass of the grove also include the following volatile compounds: β-caryophyllene, sabinyl acetate and hermacrene D, the content of which is 25.6 mg/kg, 24.4 mg/kg and 17.1 mg/kg of raw materials, respectively, or 7.8%, 7. 3% and 5.1%, of all volatile compounds of Teucrium chamaedrys L.
 The total content of all five volatile majority compounds of Teucrium chamaedrys L. is about 45.9% of the total number of volatile compounds found in the object of study.

Comparative study the essential oil composition of flowers and leaves of Crataegus monogyna L.

The aim of the work was to obtain essential oil from the leaves and flowers of the genus Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna L. and study its component composition to justify the possibility of expanding the use of this herbal drugs in medicine.
 Materials and methods. The leaves and flowers of Сrataegus monogyna L., which were used to obtain essential oil, were harvested in the western region of Ukraine in 2019. The quantitative content of essential oil in the herbal drugs was determined by hydrodistillation. By used chromato-mass spectrometry method determined the component composition of essential oil of leaves and flowers of Сrataegus monogyna L. The obtained spectra were compared with the library of mass spectra NIST05 and WILEY 2007 with a total number of spectra over 470000 in combination with programs for identification AMDIS and NIST.Results. The essential oil of leaves and flowers of Сrataegus monogyna L. was obtained and its quantitative content was determined, which was 0.15±0.02 % for flowers and 0.11±0.03 % for leaves. By used chromato-mass spectrometric method in the essential oil of flowers of Сrataegus monogyna L. revealed 37 compounds, leaves – 33. In the essential oil of flowers found monoterpenoids, the content of which was 0.44 % of the total, triterpenoids 7.17 %, aromatic compounds 12.61 %. In the essential oil of leaves were found monoterpenoids 37.8 %, aromatic compounds 10.25 %, norterpenoids 3.62 %, sesquiterpenoids 4.02 %, diterpenoids 2.17 %, triterpenoids 5.08 %.Conclusions. Due to the defined component composition of the essential oil of flowers and leaves of Сrataegus monogyna L., we consider its use to create drugs of external action for the treatment of skin diseases of various etiologies caused by staphylococcal and fungal microflora.

Chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil of Nepeta pannonica

Search for new sources of biologically active substances from plants of local flora is a promising area of modern phytochemical science. The article examines the composition of essential oil samples obtained from Nepeta pannonica, growing in the Karaganda region with the use of gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The differences in the chemical composition of the oil depending by the plant organs have been identified. The main component of essential oil is nepetalactone. For the analysis, a unified method for determining the component composition of essential oils, as well as an Agilent Technologies 7890A chromatograph system with a 5975C inert MSD mass spectrometric detector were used. According to the data, the following substances were identified in the essential oils of the plant — 1,8-cineole, nepetalactone, germacrene D, screening of essential oil of Nepeta pannonica for antimicrobial and analgesic activity.

Component composition of essential oil in the North American Pinus L. species introduced to the Southern Coast of Crimea

Background. Studying essential oils in conifers is of great scientific and practical interest due to their high bactericidal properties. Their volatiles play an important role in combating pathogenic microflora and removing harmful microorganisms from the air, thus benefiting human health. Conifers are highly effective as part of parklands and urban landscaping.Materials and methods. Pinus radiata D. Don, P. sabiniana Douglas and P. coulteri D. Don grown on the Southern Coast of Crimea were studied. Essential oil was extracted from pine needles by hydrodistillation on Ginsberg devices, and its component composition was analyzed using gas–liquid chromatography on a 6890N system with a 5973N mass selective detector.Results. Among the studied species, P. radiata manifested high essential oil content in needles: 0.15% on the wet weight basis (0.36%, dry weight). Under the conditions of the southern coast of Crimea, the major essential oil components in P. radiata were β-pinene (29.5% of the total essential oil), α-pinene (21.2%) and limonene (12.4%); in P. sabiniana, phenylethyl butyrate (20.5%), limonene (15.2%) and α-pinene (13.7%); in P. coulteri, β-pinene (11.6%), δ-cadinene (11.0%) and α-pinene (10.6%). In the essential oil of P. radiatamonoterpenes dominated (74.9%); in P. sabiniana, monoterpenes (38.7%) and their derivatives − alcohols (25.3%) and esters (20.5%); in P. coulteri, sesquiterpenes (38.2%) and monoterpenes (28.8%).Conclusion. The essential oils of P. radiata and P. sabiniana under different climate conditions contained mostly monoterpenes (β-pinene in P. radiata, and α-pinene in P. sabiniana) and their derivatives. The component composition of P. coulteri essential oil was the most variable, with a general tendency towards the predominance of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes; the ratio between those groups and the qualitative composition of sesquiterpenes both varied.

Artemisia of Inner Asia: species diversity, essential oils’ composition and practical use

Genus Artemisia is one of the large multispecies genera of the Asteraceae family in the Siberian flora. In the arid and subarid zones of the Holarctic, wormwoods are often the dominant plant community. On the territory of Buryatia there are 47 species of Artemisia, on the territory of Mongolia – 102, and on the Qinghai territory – 54. The genus Artemisia L., growing in Buryatia, Mongolia and Qinghai belongs to three subgenera, of which the subgenus Artemisia is the most widely widespread. The subgenus Seriphidium is more prevalent in Mongolia (16 species), rather than in Buryatia or Qinghai (2 species in each territory). The territories of Buryatia, Mongolia and Qinghai have 13 common species of Artemisia. Among the plants belonging to the genus Artemisia, 40 species grow in both Buryatia and Mongolia at the same time, 22 – in Mongolia and Qinghai, 14 – in Buryatia and Qinghai. The component composition of essential oils is formed as a result of the influence of abiotic and biotic factors of the environment on the plant during its growth. It ensures the best adaptation of the plant to the conditions of particular location. Many species of wormwoods have an important practical value, with a potential to be used in medicine, functional nutrition, food industry, and also as fodder, technical and decorative plants.

Characteristics of the Foeniculum vulgare Mill. collection by content and component composition of essential oil

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Foeniculum vulgare Mill. collection by the content and component composition of essential oil. The study was carried out in 2017-2019. The collection is located in the experimental site of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, located in the Crimea Foothill (Krymskaya Roza village) in accordance with the developed methods. The component composition of F. vulgare essential oil was determined by the method of gas chromatography on the “Crystal 5000.2”. It was found that the essential oil content in mature F. vulgare fruits amounted to the average of 5,88± 0.10%, which was higher than in the green plants’ material - 2,36± 0.06%. The main component of the essential oil is anethole. The anethole content in essential oil from fruits was higher than from the green plants’ material: 64.9-84.3% and 33.5-74.6%, respectively. 66.0% of the analyzed samples corresponded to ISO 17412:2007 requirements. Essential oil from the green plants’ material contained more α-phellandrene compared to essential oil from fruits: 1.5-19.9% and 0.1-0.4%, respectively. According to the research results, 9 promising samples with a high content of essential oil in fruits - from 6,52 ± 0.88 to 8,10± 0.91% were distinguished.

Composition of Essential Oil of Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm. of Рriolkhonian Flora (Lake Baikal)

Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm. is a pan-Asian mesoxerophyte shrub. A.gmelinii has found application in folk medicine. The composition of the essential oil has been studied for plants growing in different parts of the area. This article demonstrates the composition of essential oils of plants of the Priolkhonian flora (Lake Baikal), in particular in Aya Bay. Raw materials were collected during expeditionary work in 2019. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from air-dried raw materials in the year they were collected. Oil analysis was performed by chromatography–mass spectrometry. Data on the composition of the essential oil for visualization were processed using principal component analysis. γ-amorphene, isohumbertiol B, caryophylline oxide, caryophylla-4 (12), 8(13)-diene-5α-ol, ylangenol, caryophyllene, and cabrevia oxide B are dominant components of the essential oil of plants from Aya Bay. Based on our own data and published data, we show that the component composition of essential oils is the result of the action of abiotic and biotic environmental factors and ensures that the plants are best suited to their growing conditions. On the other hand, regardless of where the plant grows, the directions of biosynthesis of the constituent essential oils are preserved, which makes it possible to distinguish various chemotypes of essential oils. The composition of the essential oils can be divided into two chemotypes: Indian, characterized by a high content of irregular monoterpenoids in the composition, and Siberian, characterized by a high content of monoterpenoids menthane type. Among the plants of the Siberian chemotype, there is a tendency to the formation of two lines—the western, with a prevalence of camphor terpenoids (camphor, borneol, etc.), and the eastern (alpine) sector of the range, with the accumulation of sesquiterpenic compounds in essential oils.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭФИРНОГО МАСЛА ИССОПА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОГО НА ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И УМСТВЕННУЮ РАБОТОСПОСОБНОСТЬ ПОЖИЛЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ

The objective of the research was to study the effect of common hyssop essential oil on the psychoemotional state and mental performance of elderly and senile people. Materials and methods. The study included 280 women aged 60–85 years. During the study, the subjects were in darkened rooms at rest in groups of 10–20 people. For participants in the control groups we played a psychorelaxation audio recording lasting 10, 20 or 30 minutes. For the experimental groups we sprayed common hyssop essential oil in a concentration of 1 mg/m3 for 10, 20 or 30 minutes in the room and simultaneously played a psychorelaxation audio recording. The state of the subjects before and after the procedures in the control and experimental groups was assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Dembo-Rubinstein self-assessment test in our modification, correction task, and the word recognition test with missing letters. The obtained data were statistically processed using the Student’s t-test for dependent and unconjugated samples. The component composition of essential oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a hardware and software complex based on a chromatograph «Chromatek-Crystal 5000.2» equipped with a mass spectrometric detector. Results. It is shown that respiratory effects of essential oil of common hyssop (exposure 10, 20 or 30 minutes) when its concentration in air 1 mg/m3 causes a significant improvement in the emotional state of the elderly (based on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Dembo-Rubinstein self-assessment test in our modification). In the pair «anxiety-depression» it has a more pronounced positive effect on anxiety – a statistically significant decrease in the level at all durations of the aroma effect. According to the indicator of depression, a statistically significant decrease was observed only with a 20-minute aroma effect. At the same time, in the state self-assessment test, the subjects positively assessed the change in their state in all indicators of psychoemotional state and tone for all duration of the aroma session, which allows us to talk about hyssop essential oil as a euphoric factor, possibly with a certain decrease in the criticality of perception. Considering the more objective nature of the assessment on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the presence in the self-assessment test of parameters that respond to depression, we can say that common hyssop essential oil is a euphoric factor that reduces the criticality, objectivity of the subjects’ self-assessment of their condition. There was no significant effect of common hyssop essential oil on mental performance in both complex (recognition of words with missing letters) and simple work (correction task).

Morphological features of the plant <i>Pyrethrum majus</i> (Desf.) Tzvel. and variability of the component composition of essential oil during introduction in the North-East of the European part of Russia

The paper presents the results of the research on the growth, development, and biochemical evaluation of introduced Pyrethrum majus plants in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic. It is established that in the conditions of culture the species is characterized by a high stability and winter hardiness. The phenology and dynamics of plant growth were studied. Morphological parameters of vegetative and generative shoots were determined. The yield of essential oil from the aboveground phytomass of P. majus and its component composition were studied. It was found that the content of essential oil of flowering plants varied over the years of research from 0,25 to 1,41% and depended on the weather conditions of the growing season. More than 190 components were found in the essential oil of P. majus plants using the method of GLC analysis, 48 of them were identified. The main terpenoids in the essential oil were S-(+) carvone (5465%), -tuyon (610%), TRANS-and CIS-p-Menta-2,8-dienols (2,32,8%), 1,8-Cineol (1,42,9%), CIS Menta-1(7)8-Dien-2ol (1,52,1%), germacrene d (1,21,8%) -cadinol (0,51,5%), -muurolol (0,22,6%). It was found that the component composition of the essential oil from perennial plants P. majus corresponds to the carvone-Tuyon chemotype and did not change significantly due to the meteorological conditions of the environment. Taking into account a high adaptation of plants of this species to the conditions of the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic, high indicators of aboveground phytomass with a sufficient content of essential oil, P. majus can be successfully cultivated in the North as a promising spicy-aromatic medicinal and ornamental plant.

Changes in the component composition of <i>T</i><i>hymus vulgaris</i> L. essential oil depending on the method of distillation

The objective of the work was to identify changes in the amount and component composition of essential oil in the raw material of Thymus vulgaris L. (common thyme) when using different distillation methods. The object of the study was two samples of thyme-thymol and linalool chemotypes. Essential oil was obtained from freshly harvested raw materials (inflorescences in the mass flowering phase) by the following methods: hydrodistillation method on Clevenger apparatuses and steam extraction method on the installation for the production of essential oil and intermediates "Alpha-Ether Compact". The component composition of volatile substances was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the composition of volatile compounds of plant essential oil, 29 components for the thymol chemotype were identified, and 18 components for the linalool chemotype were identified. It was found that the use of the hydrodistillation method allows extracting 40-50% more essential oil. Significant differences were found between the mass fraction of extracted essential oil components using different methods and the content of the mass fraction of essential oil in the raw material of Th. vulgaris and found that depending on the method of obtaining essential oil, the proportion of volatile terpene hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing compounds changes. The method of steam distillation leads to a deterioration of the component composition of the essential oil, reducing the content of the dominant components of both chemotypes (thymol and linalool).

Dynamics of Isomerization of Hop Alpha-Acids and Transition of Hop Essential Oil Components in Beer

Hops' unique composition of essential oil components and bitter resins are crucial for beer aroma, which is important to consumers' acceptance of beer. In this experiment the same wort was divided into four portions and each was hopped differently. To determine the dynamics of isomerization rates the concentrations of alpha- and iso-alpha-acids were continuously measured. Measurements of hop essential oil components were performed during each process to understand the dynamics of the transition into beer. The maximum isomerization yield of alpha-acids (18.1%) was achieved after 100 min. Longer boiling increased the reduction of iso-alpha-acids, as well as essential oil components. Dry hopping also affected not only on beer aroma but also on beer bitterness.

Isoegomaketone chemotype of Perilla frutescens var. nankinensis (Lour.) Britton

The article presents data on the content and component composition of essential oil in the aerial mass of a valuable essential oil crop - Shrub Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. nankinensis (Lour.) Britton), which grows in anthropogenic and natural phytocenoses in the Republic of Abkhazia and it is grown in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens (the Southern Coast of the Crimea). It was revealed that in the aerial mass of the railing contains from 0.24 to 0.68% of essential oil. The prevalence of perillacetone essential oil (with a relative mass fraction of 39.09-47.79%) and isoegomaketone (40.65-52.40%) in the component composition allows us to attribute the studied samples to isoegomaketone-perillaketone and perilloketone- isoegomaketone chemotypes. Egomaketone (as a precursor in the biosynthesis of perillaketone and isegomaketone), f-karyofellen and a-farnesene are present in small amounts. The results obtained characterize Perilla frutescens var. nankinensis, growing on the territory of the Republic of Abkhazia, as a source of valuable pharmacological essential oils.

The influence of mineral fertilizers on the components of <i>Monarda fistulosa</i> L. essential oil

The results of study of the components of Monarda fistulosa L. essential oil under chemicals are shown. The experiment was made at the Central botanical garden of the National academy of sciences of the Republic of Belarus since 2011 till 2013. The research conditions involved using of nitrogen, phosphoric and potassium fertilizers on limed and nonlimed fields. Essential oil was determined in air-dry material with hydrodistillation method applying Ginsberg apparatus. The component composition of essential oil was investigated using chromatograph “Agilent Technologies 7820 A” with a flame ionization detector. Components those were important for quality of essential oil were studied in different stages of ontogenesis. Accumulation dynamics of γ-terpinen, p-cymene and linalool was depended on random factor. Accumulation of geraniol, 1.8-cineole, thymol and carvacrol was M-shaped curve under growth doses of mineral fertilizers. Ranked rows of the variants of fertilizer application on the basis of changes in mass fractions thymol, carvacrol, 1,8-cineole and geraniol were built. Analyzing of these data gives possible to grow Monarda fistulosa L. and to use its essential oil for pharmaceutical, food and perfumery-cosmetic industries.