Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the Foeniculum vulgare Mill. collection by the content and component composition of essential oil. The study was carried out in 2017-2019. The collection is located in the experimental site of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, located in the Crimea Foothill (Krymskaya Roza village) in accordance with the developed methods. The component composition of F. vulgare essential oil was determined by the method of gas chromatography on the “Crystal 5000.2”. It was found that the essential oil content in mature F. vulgare fruits amounted to the average of 5,88± 0.10%, which was higher than in the green plants’ material - 2,36± 0.06%. The main component of the essential oil is anethole. The anethole content in essential oil from fruits was higher than from the green plants’ material: 64.9-84.3% and 33.5-74.6%, respectively. 66.0% of the analyzed samples corresponded to ISO 17412:2007 requirements. Essential oil from the green plants’ material contained more α-phellandrene compared to essential oil from fruits: 1.5-19.9% and 0.1-0.4%, respectively. According to the research results, 9 promising samples with a high content of essential oil in fruits - from 6,52 ± 0.88 to 8,10± 0.91% were distinguished.
Highlights
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae family) is known as a medicinal herb since ancient Rome
Valuable qualities of F. vulgare are primarily due to the essential oil accumulating in its raw materials, the main component of which is anethole [6]
The component composition of F. vulgare essential oil was determined by the method of gas chromatography on the “Crystal 5000.2” device with flame ionization detector [14]
Summary
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae family) is known as a medicinal herb since ancient Rome. Valuable qualities of F. vulgare are primarily due to the essential oil accumulating in its raw materials, the main component of which is anethole [6]. The components' ratio in essential oil is unstable and depends on many factors: processed raw materials, which can be both whole plants in the flowering phase and fruits; growing conditions, sample genotype, etc. All these factors should be considered when cultivating F. vulgare, knowing the direction of further use of the received raw materials, as well as when creating new varieties of this crop
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