Complexity Of Technological Process Research Articles

Test bench for throttle flow dividers-adders

The control of modern mobile machinery and technological equipment increasingly relies on the utilization of multi-circuit and branched hydraulic drives. The complexity of technological processes and the demand for precise and consistent executive movements present challenges for hydraulic drive developers. Throttle flow dividers are utilized to synchronize mechanisms powered by a single power source. The article discusses the creation and implementation of a testing platform for throttle dividers and flow dividers-adders, commonly used in various technical systems for regulating liquid or gas flow. It delves into the fundamental principles of throttle flow dividers-adders and details the design and functionality of the developed test bench. The results of experiments conducted to evaluate the bench's operation and measure accuracy are presented, providing insights into its efficacy and reliability for testing throttle flow dividers-adders.

Настройка функции временной регулировки чувствительности ультразвуковой аппаратуры по боковому цилиндрическому отражателю при диагностировании деталей подвижного состава

To increase the efficiency of the use of rolling stock, methods and means of technical diagnostics have been developed, which are used during maintenance and repairs, as well as an independent technological process. Diagnosis makes it possible to increase the availability coefficient, the probability of trouble-free operation, repair and control suitability of rolling stock, reduce the cost of its operation and the complexity of technological processes. The complex of test diagnostic measures includes operations of ultrasonic non-destructive testing of railway rolling stock parts and assemblies for the absence of internal unacceptable irregularities. Pulse-echo method, which refers to reflection methods, has become the most wide-spread among ultrasonic control methods. One of the most important operations in the process of ultrasonic testing is to adjust the sensitivity of ultrasonic equipment. The article focuses on the results of a study on the development of a non-etalon method for adjusting the function of temporary sensitivity ultrasonic equipment setting when diagnosing rolling stock parts, taking into account the attenuation of ultrasound along a lateral cylindrical reflector. To implement the method, a new mathematical apparatus has been developed, which is based on the key laws of physical acoustics, as well as the methods of mathematical and physical modeling. The non-standard adjustment of the temporary sensitivity setting function allows to get rid of the disadvantages when using tuning samples with artificial reflectors. A program NDTRT TSA SCR F-BCR has been developed to automate calculations when diagnosing railway rolling stock parts using the ultrasonic method and taking into account the attenuation of the ultrasonic wave along a lateral cylindrical reflector.

REDUCED CARBON FOOTPRINT THROUGH TARGETED RECYCLING

The importance of returning production and consumption waste into circulation is obvious, both in terms of environmental safety and economic feasibility. The cyclicality of resources is one of the main elements of the concept of a circular economy, the expediency of which is generally recognized today. The processing of various waste fractions differs significantly in terms of energy saving and profitability relative to the production of primary material and the complexity of technological processes. Composting is a natural process of decomposition of organic matter. Compost has no phytotoxic and pathogenic properties, it is characterized by the presence of humic acids. Composting involves reducing the volume of waste, which allows solving environmental problems associated with the accumulation of waste, turning them into a safer product used as an organic fertilizer. Composts are used to increase crop productivity, increase soil fertility, add additional nutrients to the soil, increase plant growth, and suppress diseases caused by soil pathogen. Composting is one of the most effective methods for reducing the toxicity of biodegradable organic matter. The decrease in toxicity is associated with the decomposition of organic pollutants, the mineralization of the substrate, and processes that limit their availability.

Влияние сложности продукции на устойчивое развитие промышленных предприятий

The article considers the influence of product complexity (expansion of the product range for ensuring 
 a balanced product portfolio capable of meeting consumer requirements, used technological equipment and raw materials components characterized by non-standard characteristics, complexity of technological processes, etc.) on operational efficiency (production time, cost, supply chain, effective inventory management, etc.) and, as a consequence, on ensuring the sustainable development of industrial enterprises, taking into account the peculiarities of production and economic activity. The concepts of product complexity and operational efficiency are studied in detail. It is demonstrated that the product complexity has a stable relationship with the increasing costs, time spent on the produced unit, providing the warehouse balance of finished products, amount of labor, downtime of the main technological equipment associated with the production of a large assortment of goods. Relationship between the increased complexity of the product and its quality is less pronounced. Control over the quality indicators is important at all phases of the production process. The negative influence of the product complexity on most performance indicators is a phenomenon existing in all industries, which is a warning to manufacturers expanding the product line. The criteria for measuring the complexity of products were identified. A methodological approach is presented that allows the use of integrated complexity assessment technologies including the use of analysis tools from other scientific fields. It has been inferred that further investigating the solutions of the problem is reliable on the basis of different approaches.

THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO DEFINING THE CONCEPT OF "FINANCIAL RESULTS"

The article discusses various approaches and basic regulatory documents that interpret the concept of "financial results". In the context of increased competition, accounting is one of the main functions of managing the economic activities of an enterprise, which leads to the need to develop an information system, improve its organizational structure. It has been proven that the purpose of accounting for the financial results of an enterprise is observation, identification, registration, processing, interpretation and transmission of information to external and internal users. It was revealed that the continuous circulation of funds, carried out through the expenditure of resources and the receipt of income, their distribution and use, is the goal of most enterprises to minimize costs and maximize income. It was determined that the industrial sector is one of the leading sectors of the economy and is characterized by the complexity of technological processes, focus on meeting the needs of the population. It was found that the profitability of industrial enterprises has been ambiguous in recent years (in 2020, the number of profitable enterprises – 71%; unprofitable – 29%). Therefore, profit accounting is the most important indicator of financial results. It is proved that income and expenses are interrelated factors in the formation of the enterprise's profit and on the basis of their data determine the financial condition and solvency, the efficiency of using the material and financial resources of the enterprise. Own understanding of the concept of financial results has been formed. It has been established that there are unexplored questions. The analysis showed that the approaches to the definition of the term in the literature of Ukrainian scientists and regulatory documents "financial result" are ambiguous. It is concluded that the problem in this area needs to be investigated in the future and there is a need for constant development and improvement of Ukrainian legislation. An important issue in improving the current state documents is the specification and detailing of concepts and terms, the development of a unified methodological toolkit for business entities.

Analyzing the oil and gas industry development in the Russian Federation

Subject. The article considers development trends in the oil and gas market of the Russian Federation. Objectives. The purpose is to assess current trends and behavior of the Russian oil and gas market. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis and synthesis of statistical data that describe development trends in the oil and gas industry in Russia and in other countries of the world, its importance and role in the economic system of Russia, its market structure and the level of innovative development. Results. We offer a scheme, illustrating the position of the oil and gas industry in the structure of the fuel and energy complex of Russia, consider the analytical reports of leading organizations in the industry. The latter enable to conclude on changes in the structure of fuel and energy consumption. We also identify development trends in the global fuel and energy complex and analyze the behavior of the share of oil and gas revenues in the formation of the tax burden, for the period, starting from 2012. Conclusions. Most technological innovations are carried out by organizations, producing electrical, electronic and optical equipment. The least innovative activity is observed in the field of mining. We substantiate the need to introduce and develop innovations in the fuel and energy complex, in connection with trends in intensification of various changes, occurring in the external environment (technologies, markets, society, regulatory policy of the State), increased competition in established markets, complexity of technological processes.

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) in conventional and reversed column configuration for the investigation of Baijiu aroma types and regional origin

Baijiu is a traditional Chinese spirit with an extraordinarily rich pattern of volatile compounds resulting from the microflora involved in fermentation, as well as the complexity of technological process. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in the conventional and reversed column setups (non-polar – polar and polar – non-polar columns) was tested for its ability to differentiate Baijiu samples in terms of their aroma and origin (region). A total of 65 Baijiu samples were used for the study and volatile compounds were extracted by SPME with a subsequent analysis by GC×GC-TOFMS. Orthogonality of both setups was compared, so was the number of compounds identified using each setup. Repeatability of compound groups for the conventional and reversed column setups was compared; moreover, multiblock orthogonal component analysis (MOCA) was used to visualize data sets. OPLS-DA was used for Baijiu classification. Both column setups provided excellent discrimination of the Light, Soy sauce, Feng and Herbal aromas. A better classification result for the Strong and Jian aromas was recorded for the conventional column setup. Within the Strong aroma using OPLS-DA both column setups provided perfect abilities to discriminate Baijiu from the Sichuan, Heilongjiang and Jiangsu regions. Two validation methods were applied in the classification models - all the predictive abilities evaluated by the internal validation were further confirmed by the external validation.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ВНУТРИФИРМЕННОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ НА НЕФТЕПЕРЕРАБАТЫВАЮЩИХ И НЕФТЕХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ НА ОСНОВЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

The economic basis of market relations between business entities and objects is the planning of activities, which provides the necessary balance between production and consumption of products, demand for goods and supply volumes by the enterprise at the macroeconomic level. At the enterprise, playing acts as an optimizer for the production of high-quality products based on efficient and rational use of resources. In management practice, a special place is occupied by internal planning, which is considered as a system of interconnected long-term, medium-term and short-term plans that determine the strategy of the company as a whole, as well as the goals of functioning, the forecast of the development of internal and external factors and resources of the enterprise. One of the main types of planning in the organization is production planning, which is widely used at petrochemical and oil refining enterprises and, in particular, at Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat LLC. The technological features of oil refining and petrochemical enterprises have a great influence on the process of production planning: the multivariance and complexity of technological processes, a wide range of products; large production capacities and technological installations; high material and energy intensity; a significant share of raw materials in the cost of production. Therefore, the processes of modeling and optimization in internal planning are impossible without the effective use of software and information support. This justifies the relevance and need to optimize production planning and increase the effectiveness of its management. The article discusses the practice of production planning at LLC Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat. At the enterprise, the planning process for the processing of raw materials and production is carried out using the Aspen PIMS software product, which allows us to calculate the optimal version of the production plan and ensures the maximum marginal profit of the enterprise. The principles of operation of the Aspen PIMS module are considered; production tasks solved with the help of this software. The basic structure of the construction of the planning process at LLC Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat is given. The use of a specialized planning software product in combination with production modeling tools allows to obtain a significant economic effect.

Life Cycle Assessment as a Tool of Eco-Efficiency of Oil And Gas Production Facilities

Aiming at improving the eco-efficiency of the oil and gas industry, the author suggests the use of life cycle assessment methodology to study oil and gas production facilities as illustrated by the oil-and-gas well. The peculiarities of the research object are the complexity of technological processes and equipment and the multifactorial effects on the environment. The basic principles of the methodology of life cycle assessment have been analyzed. The author specifies the boundaries of the investigated system which includes all stages of the life cycle of an oil-and-gas well: site preparation, rigging up, well drilling, testing, rigging down, assembly of production equipment, well development, well operation, closing-in, well decommissioning. The inventory of single processes of the production system was carried out. It gives a possibility to identify incoming and outgoing elementary flows at each stage. The histograms to determine the power and diversity of incoming and outgoing flows have been built. The approximate duration of each stage is given. This duration makes it possible to estimate the exposure time of single processes and to identify the potential effects on the environment. The most resource-consuming stages have been established. They are drilling, rigging up, rigging down, and decommissioning of wells. Based on to the results of analytical studies of the outgoing flows, the stages with the greatest diversity and flow capacity are established. The potential risk of hazardous environmental emergencies during the life cycle of the investigated facility is determined. The obtained data give a possibility to start researching those processes and / or equipment with which there is intense movement of flows with significant effects on the environment, as well as to develop innovative technical solutions and improve technological processes to reduce the harmful effects on the environment. The conducted research determines a number of advantages of the life cycle assessment methodology for improving the indicators of eco-efficiency. The advantages include a systematic study of the effects of the activities, the multivariate analysis, the identification of the potential for the reduction of impacts and constant improvement throughout the life cycle.

Development of antihunt systems of sauces in the technology of fish products

Despite the well-known research and application of plant and microbial polysaccharides in food technology, including canned fish technology as thickeners and jelling agents for various fillings, there is a certain deficiency in this assortment, caused by the complexity of technological processes that would allow to obtain high-quality finished products. It was found that low-esterified pectin substances of plant raw materials, obtained by biotechnological method allow to make structured products, expanding the assortment of fish products with improved organoleptic and functional properties. A comprehensive evaluation of the properties of pectin substances and pectinmethylesterases used for jellied vegetable sauces in the manufacture of fish products was performed in the paper. The optimal conditions for the biotechnological sauce jellification method were obtained, and organoleptic characteristics of canned fish in the jelling sauce were investigated. The results of organoleptic evaluation showed that the analyzed canned products had identical high points on almost all counts. All samples had a pleasant taste and flavour, delicate texture of fish meat in a uniform structured sauce.