Abstract
The importance of returning production and consumption waste into circulation is obvious, both in terms of environmental safety and economic feasibility. The cyclicality of resources is one of the main elements of the concept of a circular economy, the expediency of which is generally recognized today. The processing of various waste fractions differs significantly in terms of energy saving and profitability relative to the production of primary material and the complexity of technological processes. Composting is a natural process of decomposition of organic matter. Compost has no phytotoxic and pathogenic properties, it is characterized by the presence of humic acids. Composting involves reducing the volume of waste, which allows solving environmental problems associated with the accumulation of waste, turning them into a safer product used as an organic fertilizer. Composts are used to increase crop productivity, increase soil fertility, add additional nutrients to the soil, increase plant growth, and suppress diseases caused by soil pathogen. Composting is one of the most effective methods for reducing the toxicity of biodegradable organic matter. The decrease in toxicity is associated with the decomposition of organic pollutants, the mineralization of the substrate, and processes that limit their availability.
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