This systematic literature review aimed to investigate how healthcare organizations' innovative processes of digital service design with stakeholders can be described by self-organization and emergence of complex adaptive system theory. The data of the publications was collected using a systematic research literature review method and analyzed with theory-based content analysis. The total of selected articles was 21. The reliability was strengthened through searching other references identified in the articles. The overlaps in literature of innovativeness and innovations, digital service design, and complex adaptive system theory showed their concordant characteristics. The innovative process of digital service design was described by theories and concepts related to complex adaptive system theory and other complexity approaches with an emphasis on user-centeredness. Stakeholder interaction is needed to achieve identifying barriers and benefits of success, and effective progress of an efficient innovation process.