Abstract
Complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory is acquiring mainstream recognition in sustainable community building. In this paper, we bring the applicability of CAS theory into sharper focus, highlighting its potential for integrating complexity and adaptivity of community into a structured body of knowledge while also providing a thought pattern for generating, implementing and validating new design ideas. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a framework of design thinking that uses a CAS perspective to aid designers in conceiving new community building design ideas efficiently. Next, this paper presents the results of a cognitive design experiment where functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and extended protocol analysis methods were combined to examine the validities of the proposed design thinking framework in community building. The results show that the Agent-Interaction-Adaptation (AIA) design thinking framework has the ability to promote designers’ extension of idea space, brain activation and idea quality in contrast to a traditional design thinking framework, but it did not significantly increase the designers’ idea quantity.
Highlights
In the context of urban stock development, as the basic unit of urban society, sustainable community building is crucial to solving this problem [1]
Our eventual objective is to propose a framework of design thinking that uses a complex adaptive system (CAS) perspective to aid designers in conceiving new community building design ideas efficiently
We introduce the knowledge field theory into the AIA design thinking framework, which provides a theoretical mechanism of knowledge flow among these three design thinking fields
Summary
In the context of urban stock development, as the basic unit of urban society, sustainable community building is crucial to solving this problem [1]. CAS theory involves ideas from systems thinking, such as feedback loops, with the understanding that these fields constitute holistic methods of viewing problems [5]. Our eventual objective is to propose a framework of design thinking that uses a CAS perspective to aid designers in conceiving new community building design ideas efficiently. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6679 thinking framework: empathize, define, ideate, prototype and test; IDEO suggested that the stages of the design thinking implementation process can be described as discovery, interpretation, ideation, experimentation and evolution [7]; The Design Council of the UK [20] proposed the Double Diamond Model which includes four stages: discover, define, develop and deliver. There remains a gap between these frameworks and design tasks with complex systems such as community building. Function-Behavior-Structure (FBS) is a framework used to elucidate systems design thinking; Kan & Gero [21] offered a definition of it, and Figure 1 shows the model
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