Complete Template Research Articles

AND/OR Graph and Search Algorithm for Discovering Composite Web Services

This paper presents a formalization of the Web Service composition problem as a search problem in an AND/OR graph, and a search algorithm for searching the graph to identify composite service(s) that satisfies a Web Service request. Given a service request that can only be satisfied by a composition of Web Services, we identify the service categories that are relevant to the request and dynamically construct an AND/OR graph to capture the input/output dependencies among the Web Services of these service categories. The graph is modified, based on the information provided in the service request. The search algorithm is then used to search the modified AND/OR graph for a minimal and complete composite service template that satisfies the service request. The algorithm can be applied repeatedly to the graph to search for alternative templates until the result is approved by the service requester. We have evaluated the algorithm both analytically and experimentally, and the experiment results are presented.

Complete adiabatic waveform templates for a test mass in the Schwarzschild spacetime: VIRGO and advanced LIGO studies

Post-Newtonian expansions of the binding energy and gravitational wave flux truncated at the same relative post-Newtonian order form the basis of the standard adiabatic approximation to the phasing of gravitational waves from inspiralling compact binaries. Viewed in terms of the dynamics of the binary, the standard approximation is equivalent to neglecting certain conservative post-Newtonian terms in the acceleration. In an earlier work, we had proposed a new complete adiabaticapproximant constructed from the energy and flux functions. At the leading order, it employs the 2PN energy function rather than the 0PN one in the standard approximation, so that, effectively, the approximation corresponds to the dynamics where there are no missing post-Newtonian terms in the acceleration. In this paper, we compare the overlaps of the standard and complete adiabatic templates with the exact waveform in the adiabatic approximation of a test-mass motion in the Schwarzschild spacetime, for the VIRGO and the advanced LIGO noise spectra. It is found that the complete adiabatic approximants lead to a remarkable improvement in the effectualness at lower PN (<3PN) orders, while standard approximants of order ⩾3PN provide a good lower bound to the complete approximants for the construction of effectual templates. Faithfulness of complete approximants is better than that of standard approximants except for a few post-Newtonian orders. Standard and complete approximants beyond the adiabatic approximation are also studied using the Lagrangian templates of Buonanno, Chen and Vallisneri.

Influence of the extraction methods to remove organic templates from Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves

The influence of template extraction methods on the structure and physico-chemical properties of Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves has been investigated. Up to 78% of template in Al-MCM-41 could be removed either by extraction with ordinary solvents or methanol-modified supercritical CO 2. Complete template removal was achieved by calcination. Both, solvent and supercritical fluid extraction media influenced the structure, texture and acid properties of the resulting Al-MCM-41 materials and, consequently, their catalytic activity for the Friedel–Crafts acylation of 2-methoxynaphthalene.

New class of post-Newtonian approximants to the waveform templates of inspiralling compact binaries: Test mass in the Schwarzschild spacetime

The standard adiabatic approximation to phasing of gravitational waves from inspiralling compact binaries uses the post-Newtonian expansions of the binding energy and gravitational wave flux both truncated at the same relative post-Newtonian order. Motivated by the eventual need to go beyond the adiabatic approximation we must view the problem as the dynamics of the binary under conservative post-Newtonian forces and gravitational radiation damping. From the viewpoint of the dynamics of the binary, the standard approximation at leading order is equivalent to retaining the 0PN and 2.5PN terms in the acceleration and neglecting the intervening 1PN and 2PN terms. A complete mathematically consistent treatment of the acceleration at leading order should include all PN terms up to 2.5PN without any gaps. These define the standard and complete non-adiabatic approximants, respectively. We propose a new and simple complete adiabatic approximant constructed from the energy and flux functions. At the leading order it uses the 2PN energy function rather than the 0PN one in the standard approximation so that in spirit it corresponds to the dynamics where there are no missing post-Newtonian terms in the acceleration. We compare the overlaps of the standard and complete adiabatic approximant templates with the exact waveform (in the adiabatic approximation) for a test particle orbiting a Schwarzschild black hole. Overlaps are computed using both the white-noise spectrum and the initial laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory (LIGO) noise spectrum. The complete adiabatic approximants lead to a remarkable improvement in the effectualness (i.e., larger overlaps with the exact signal) at lower PN ($l3\mathrm{P}\mathrm{N}$) orders. However, standard adiabatic approximants of order $\ensuremath{\ge}3\mathrm{P}\mathrm{N}$ are nearly as good as the complete adiabatic approximants for the construction of effectual templates. In general, faithfulness (i.e., smaller biases in the estimation of parameters) of complete approximants is also better than that of standard approximants. Standard and complete approximants beyond the adiabatic approximation are next studied using the Lagrangian models of Buonanno, Chen, and Vallisneri in the test mass limit. A limited extension of the results to the case of comparable mass binaries is provided. In this case, standard adiabatic approximants achieve an effectualness of 0.965 at order 3PN. If the comparable mass case is qualitatively similar to the test mass case then neither the improvement of the accuracy of energy function from 3PN to 4PN nor the improvement of the accuracy of flux function from 3.5PN to 4PN will result in a significant improvement in effectualness in the comparable mass case for terrestrial laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors.

Rhetorical structure of biochemistry research articles

This paper reports on the results of a move analysis [Swales, J. (1990). Genre analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] of 60 biochemistry research articles. First, a corpus was systematically compiled to ensure that it represents core journals in the focused discipline. Then, coding reliability analysis was conducted to demonstrate that, given a set of coding protocols and systematic training and practice, two individuals could agree upon move boundaries. Finally, move analysis of the corpus was conducted. Based on the findings of the analysis, a two-level rhetorical structure ( moves and steps) is proposed for these texts. This structure consists of 15 distinct moves: three moves for the Introduction section, four for the Methods section, four for the Results section, and four for the Discussion section. This study captures a basic yet complete and representative template of rhetorical organization for structuring biochemistry research articles. The template is useful particularly to native and non-native scientists not only allowing them to better understand published research articles but also facilitating the process of writing research articles for publication.

A flux-calibrated, high-resolution atlas of optical sky emission from UVES

This paper presents a flux-calibrated, high-resolution, high-SNR atlas of optical and near-IR sky emission. It provides a complete template of the high-resolution night-sky emission spectrum with the deepest exposures ever obtained from the ground. The data have been acquired by UVES, ESO's echelle spectrograph at the 8.2-m UT2 telescope of the Very Large Telescope (VLT). Raw data stacks with up to 16 hours of integration time have been combined. The spectrum covers the range 3140-10 430 A at a resolving power of about 45 000. A total of 2810 sky emission lines have been measured. This high-resolution spectrum is intended to be used for the identification of previously unknown faint sky lines, for simulations of ground based observations where the sky background is important, as a template for checks on the accuracy and stability of the wavelength scale, and as a reference for the reduction of spectra of faint objects.

Geometric probing of dense range data

A new method is presented for the efficient and reliable pose determination of 3D objects in dense range image data. The method is based upon a minimalistic Geometric Probing strategy that hypothesizes the intersection of the object with some selected image point, and searches for additional surface data at locations relative to that point. The strategy is implemented in the discrete domain as a binary decision tree classifier. The tree leaf nodes represent individual voxel templates of the model, with one template per distinct model pose. The internal nodes represent the union of the templates of their descendant leaf nodes. The union of all leaf node templates is the complete template set of the model over its discrete pose space. Each internal node also encodes a single voxel which is the most common element of its child node templates. Traversing the free is equivalent to efficiently matching the large set of templates at a selected image seed location. The method was implemented and extensive experiments were conducted for a variety of combinations of tree designs and traversals under isolated, cluttered, and occluded scene conditions. The results demonstrated a tradeoff between efficiency and reliability. It was concluded that there exist combinations of tree design and traversal which are both highly efficient and reliable.

The Electronic Oral Health Record

This paper presents the history of the use of the computer for maintaining patient medical care information. An electronic record generated with a computer, which is non-specific for any healthcare specialty, is referred to as the electronic health record. The electronic health record was previously called the computer-based patient record. "Electronic" replaced the earlier term "computer-based" because "electronic" better describes the medium in which the patient record is managed. The electronic health record and its application to dentistry are discussed. The electronic health record is a "database" of patient information that has been entered by any healthcare provider; the electronic oral health record is an "electronic record" of oral health information that has been entered by an oral healthcare provider. The significant differences between the electronic health record and the electronic oral health record are outlined and highlighted. Included is a template describing a procedure to be used by dental personnel during the decision making process of purchasing an electronic oral health record. A brief description of a practice template is also provided. These completed templates can be shared with dental software vendors to clarify their understanding of and to clearly describe the needs of today's dental practice. The challenge of introducing information technology into educational institutions' curricula is identified. Finally, the potential benefit of using electronic technology for managing oral healthcare information is outlined.

Characterization and template properties of RNA dimers generated during flock house virus RNA replication.

Flock house virus (FHV) is the best studied member of the Nodaviridae, a family of small, nonenveloped, isometric RNA viruses of insects and fish. Nodavirus genomes comprise two single-stranded positive-sense RNA segments (RNAs 1 and 2) that encode the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and capsid protein precursor, respectively. The RdRp replicates both genomic RNAs and also generates a subgenomic RNA (RNA3) that is not encapsidated. Although genomic RNAs replicate through negative-sense intermediates, little is known about these RNAs or the details of the replication mechanism. Negative-sense RNAs 1, 2, and 3, as well as putative dimers of RNAs 2 and 3, have been detected in previous studies. In this study we detected dimers of RNAs 1, 2, and 3 by Northern blot analyses of RNA samples from FHV-infected Drosophila cells, as well as from mammalian and yeast cells supporting FHV RNA replication. Characterization of these RNA species by RT-PCR and sequence determination showed that they contained head-to-tail junctions of FHV RNAs. RNAs containing the complete sequence of RNA2 joined to RNA3 were also detected during replication. To examine the template properties of these dimeric RNAs, we made corresponding cDNAs and transcribed them from a T7 promoter in mammalian cells constitutively expressing T7 RNA polymerase, together with RNA1 to provide the RdRp. Although heterologous terminal extensions inhibit FHV RNA replication, monomeric RNA2 was resolved and replicated from complete or partial homodimer templates and from an RNA2-RNA3 heterodimer.

Fragment walking for long DNA sequencing by using a library as small as 16 primers

A DNA sequence can be rapidly and efficiently determined by digesting it into segments small enough to be sequenced at one time, then assembling them into contigs by searching for overlaps. Fragment walking achieves this without subcloning or preparing many kinds of primers; fragments obtained by digesting a template DNA are sequenced in parallel directly from the fragment mixture by using a set of 16 primers. Since the sequence adjacent to each cutting site is determined together with the fragment sequence, the contiguous fragment can be easily determined. The complete template DNA sequence can thus efficiently determined. The sequencing of pUC19 (2.7 kb) from both sides was done in one step by using only 15 fragments. The redundancy was only about 1.3, greatly reducing base-reading redundancy. Automating this strategy would increase the speed and efficiency of large-scale DNA sequencing.

Alternative Spreadsheet Applications: Student Learning and Attitudes

Abstract This study investigated whether two alternative methods of microcomputer integration in cost accounting affected students' perceived level of understanding and attitudes. The two methods were template construction, which requires students to work with formulas and formats in addition to data entering, and template use, which demands that students only enter the relevant data, using a completed template. Prior computer experience and time spent working on the assignments were incorporated as additional factors in an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to measure the effect of the two methods, In this experiment, covering six sections of cost accounting courses, students responded more favorably to the template construction method. Despite differences in perception about the two methods, students, in general, were positive about microcomputer integration in cost accounting.

Ontogeny of pollen in Poinciana (Leguminoseae). I. Development of exine template

Development of the exine template was traced from its initiation as scattered receptors on the plasma membrane through the completed template at the end of the microspore tetrad period. Receptors for the future tectum are the first to be laid down and they occur directly on the plasma membrane before there is any indication of a primexine matrix. The primexine matrix is coincident with probacule initiation. Probacules are organized under the protectum and elongate by being assembled basally on the plasma membrane. The height of the primexine matrix increases in conjunction with growth of the probacules. Growth of the exine template terminates with the insertion of receptors for the foot layer on the plasma membrane. Poinciana gilliesii Hooker is favorable for study of exine receptors and their assembly into an exine template because of the unmistakable equivalence of the template of the tetrad and exine of the pollen grain.