Complementary Entities Research Articles

Résilience et croissance post-traumatique : enjeux théoriques et cliniques

ObjectiveThis article discusses the theoretical and clinical links between the concepts of resilience and post-traumatic growth (PTC). These two concepts are so closely related that they are often, but wrongly, confused. Yet, they both offer interesting perspectives when distinguished epistemologically. The main objective of this article is to define these two entities and to discuss their complementarity and differences at the theoretical and clinical levels. MethodA review of the international literature on these concepts was conducted to identify similarities and differences. ResultsIt appears that resilience is a well-known and useful concept in psychology, but its definitional variability has consequences at the theoretical, clinical, and psychometric levels. It sometimes refers to the construct of post-traumatic growth that is, nevertheless, complementary and different: post-traumatic growth is described as “positive psychological changes [...] following exposure to a major trauma” and resilience, in its strict definition, refers to a return to pre-traumatic status (i.e. prior to the adverse event). Resilience and growth are two distinct and complementary entities, as they share a number of common processes but have different expressions and purposes. DiscussionThe notions of resilience and post-traumatic growth do not reflect the same phenomena and trajectories in subjects who have experienced adverse events. Resilience refers to a return to a pre-event level of functioning, whereas post-traumatic growth refers to the benefits and positive changes following a trauma with no opposition to suffering, as it would be the root cause of post-traumatic growth. ConclusionFrom a theoretical and clinical point of view, it is important to integrate post-traumatic growth into clinical psychology and psychiatry, in order to better understand the life paths of subjects struggling with psychotraumatic consequences. It would lead to a larger vision of “resistance and overcoming trauma processes” that would not oppose suffering and recovery, but that would study both constructs.

Effect of Reforms on Technical Efficiency of Electricity Production in Kenya Relative to Other Developing Countries

The current structure of the Kenyan electricity sector has resulted from many changes brought about by both donor and government driven reforms. The sector which was once run as a government owned monopoly is now a more market-oriented entity. The reforms have resulted in splitting of generation, transmission and distribution into independent entities, establishment of an independent regulatory authority, private sector participation in generation and institution of other complementary entities. One of the drivers of these reforms was the need to improve the economic performance of the sector to make it capable of supporting the economy. This study uses Data Envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier methods to analyse the effect of the reforms on the efficiency of Kenya’s power sector in relation to other countries in similar stage of development. The findings reveal that Kenya’s Power sector has been experiencing positive changes in technical efficiency over the period after the reforms. The countries which have undertaken reforms, to a larger extent, appear to be more efficient. However, they experience huge system losses which need to be reduced to better the sector’s efficiency Keywords : Reforms, Technical efficiency, Data envelopment analysis, Stochastic frontier analysis DOI: 10.7176/JESD/14-4-03 Publication date: February 28 th 2023

Effect of Reforms on Technical Efficiency of Electricity Production in Kenya Relative to Other Developing Countries

The current structure of the Kenyan electricity sector has resulted from many changes brought about by both donor and government driven reforms. The sector which was once run as a government owned monopoly is now a more market-oriented entity. The reforms have resulted in splitting of generation, transmission and distribution into independent entities, establishment of an independent regulatory authority, private sector participation in generation and institution of other complementary entities. One of the drivers of these reforms was the need to improve the economic performance of the sector to make it capable of supporting the economy. This study uses Data Envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier methods to analyse the effect of the reforms on the efficiency of Kenya’s power sector in relation to other countries in similar stage of development. The findings reveal that Kenya’s Power sector has been experiencing positive changes in technical efficiency over the period after the reforms. The countries which have undertaken reforms, to a larger extent, appear to be more efficient. However, they experience huge system losses which need to be reduced to better the sector’s efficiency Keywords: Reforms, Technical efficiency, Data envelopment analysis, Stochastic frontier analysis DOI: 10.7176/JETP/13-1-03 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Bone Disease in Nephropathic Cystinosis: Beyond Renal Osteodystrophy.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) display significant mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) that induce significant cardiovascular, growth and bone comorbidities. Nephropathic cystinosis is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by the lysosomal accumulation of cystine due to mutations in the CTNS gene encoding cystinosin, and leads to end-stage renal disease within the second decade. The cornerstone of management relies on cysteamine therapy to decrease lysosomal cystine accumulation in target organs. However, despite cysteamine therapy, patients display severe bone symptoms, and the concept of “cystinosis metabolic bone disease” is currently emerging. Even though its exact pathophysiology remains unclear, at least five distinct but complementary entities can explain bone impairment in addition to CKD-MBD: long-term consequences of renal Fanconi syndrome, malnutrition and copper deficiency, hormonal disturbances, myopathy, and intrinsic/iatrogenic bone defects. Direct effects of both CTNS mutation and cysteamine on osteoblasts and osteoclasts are described. Thus, the main objective of this manuscript is not only to provide a clinical update on bone disease in cystinosis, but also to summarize the current experimental evidence demonstrating a functional impairment of bone cells in this disease and to discuss new working hypotheses that deserve future research in the field.

Flourishing through Leisure Practice Model, Capabilities Approach, and MacIntyre’s Theory of Flourishing: Compatible and Interrelated

Flourishing is a burgeoning concept in therapeutic recreation (TR) with some authors arguing for it to be a principal goal of the profession. However, there are three conceptualizations in the literature raising questions of compatibility and interrelationship. Are the Capabilities Approach (Nussbaum, 2006), MacIntyre’s (2007) theory of flourishing, and the Flourishing through Leisure: An Ecological Extension of the Leisure and Well-Being Model (FTL; Anderson & Heyne, 2012a) compatible, and if so, how are they interrelated? An investigation revealed the conceptualizations are harmonious and nested according to level of generality. The Capabilities Approach is the most abstract and serves as a foundation that accommodates MacIntyre’s theory which, in turn, details multiple capabilities and their contributions to flourishing. The FTL model links both to service recipients by transforming theoretical rhetoric into specific actions professionals take to facilitate flourishing. Considered jointly, the complementary entities serve at least two functions. They mutually support flourishing as a principal goal and supply clear guidelines on how to help people live well. Subscribe to TRJ

Probable, Possible, or Remote? A Study on Accounting Information Management Using the Contingency Provisions in Complementary Pension Entities

Probable, Possible, or Remote? A Study on Accounting Information Management Using the Contingency Provisions in Complementary Pension Entities

Multiple adaptation of constitutional dynamic networks and information storage in constitutional distributions of acylhydrazones.

We report a study of the behavior of four dynamic covalent libraries (DCLs) based on acylhydrazones aAbB and of the corresponding square constitutional dynamic networks (CDNs) NA-ND under the effect of three agents, namely, metal cations, base + metal cations and light irradiation; in particular, the successful switching of the CDN NB between two orthogonal distributions results, respectively, from metallo-selection and photo-selection. The four DCLs undergo triple adaptation when subjected to the three agents with the generation of specific CDN distributions characteristic of each of the four DCLs. The ternary outputs displayed by the DCLs present three states (-1, 0 and 1) related to three different constitutional distributions expressed in response to the triple inputs applied. This latter process amounts to the storage of molecular information in dynamic distributions rather than in selective interactions between complementary entities undergoing molecular recognition.

Educating for the development of sustainable business models: Designing and delivering a course to foster creativity

Abstract Incorporating entrepreneurship and sustainability as complementary entities is challenging. Within a multi-disciplinary academic context and using a case-study research approach, this paper outlines the design and delivery of an entrepreneurship course to encourage participants' lateral thinking and incorporated intelligence when developing sustainable business models. Results underline the fact that teams, which include participants with a greater diversity of academic backgrounds, tend to think and act more creatively in the conceptualization of new business models compared to less diverse teams in a similar academic context. Participants’ ideas in diverse teams proved to incorporate a wider problem context in their problem-solution proposition. This underlines some conclusive evidence for a positive relationship between social learning and business development in fostering first and foremost intangible learning but also enable concrete tangible outcomes in creating new sustainability business models.

Against the reduction of modality to essence

It is a truth universally acknowledged that a claim of metaphysical modality, in possession of good alethic standing, must be in want of an essentialist foundation. Or at least so say the advocates of the reductive-essence-first view (the REF, for short), according to which all (metaphysical) modality is to be reductively defined in terms of essence. Here, I contest this bit of current wisdom. In particular, I offer two puzzles—one concerning the essences of non-compossible, complementary entities, and a second involving entities whose essences are modally ‘loaded’—that together strongly call into question the possibility of reducing modality to essence.

Endothelial basement membrane laminin 511 is essential for shear stress response.

Corrigendum15 May 2017free access Endothelial basement membrane laminin 511 is essential for shear stress response Jacopo Di Russo orcid.org/0000-0001-6731-9612 Search for more papers by this author Anna-Liisa Luik orcid.org/0000-0003-0389-5850 Search for more papers by this author Lema Yousif Search for more papers by this author Sigmund Budny Search for more papers by this author Hans Oberleithner Search for more papers by this author Verena Hofschröer Search for more papers by this author Juergen Klingauf Search for more papers by this author Ed van Bavel Search for more papers by this author Erik NTP Bakker Search for more papers by this author Per Hellstrand Search for more papers by this author Anirban Bhattachariya Search for more papers by this author Sebastian Albinsson Search for more papers by this author Frederic Pincet Search for more papers by this author Rupert Hallmann Search for more papers by this author Lydia M Sorokin orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-7921 Search for more papers by this author Jacopo Di Russo orcid.org/0000-0001-6731-9612 Search for more papers by this author Anna-Liisa Luik orcid.org/0000-0003-0389-5850 Search for more papers by this author Lema Yousif Search for more papers by this author Sigmund Budny Search for more papers by this author Hans Oberleithner Search for more papers by this author Verena Hofschröer Search for more papers by this author Juergen Klingauf Search for more papers by this author Ed van Bavel Search for more papers by this author Erik NTP Bakker Search for more papers by this author Per Hellstrand Search for more papers by this author Anirban Bhattachariya Search for more papers by this author Sebastian Albinsson Search for more papers by this author Frederic Pincet Search for more papers by this author Rupert Hallmann Search for more papers by this author Lydia M Sorokin orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-7921 Search for more papers by this author Author Information Jacopo Di Russo, Anna-Liisa Luik, Lema Yousif, Sigmund Budny, Hans Oberleithner, Verena Hofschröer, Juergen Klingauf, Ed Bavel, Erik NTP Bakker, Per Hellstrand, Anirban Bhattachariya, Sebastian Albinsson, Frederic Pincet, Rupert Hallmann and Lydia M Sorokin EMBO J (2017)36:1464-1464https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201797000 This article corrects the following: Endothelial basement membrane laminin 511 is essential for shear stress response09 December 2016 ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyWechatReddit Figures & Info Editorial Note J. Di Russo and L. Sorokin were co-authors on another recent paper on laminin 511 in endothelial junctions in leukocyte extravasation (Song et al, 2017). Song et al (2017) was not made available for assessment by the editors and referees of this journal. While there is no reuse of specific text or figures between the two papers, it was an oversight to omit the citation to Song et al (2017). L. Sorokin, J. Di Russo and the Faculty of Medicine of Münster University, represented by Mathias Herrmann, agree with this statement. References Song J, Zhang X, Buscher K, Wang Y, Wang H, Di Russo J, Li L, Lütke-Enking S, Zarbock A, Stadtmann A, Striewski P, Wirth B, Kuzmanov I, Wiendl H, Schulte D, Vestweber D, Sorokin L (2017) Endothelial basement membrane laminin 511 contributes to endothelial junctional tightness and thereby inhibits leukocyte transmigration. Cell Rep 18: 1256–1269CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Next ArticlePrevious Article Read MoreAbout the coverClose modalView large imageVolume 36,Issue 10,15 May 2017Cover: The balance of brain organoid differentiation. This drawing illustrates the remarkable self-organization capacity of cerebral organoids that allows them to recapitulate human brain development in vitro. The authors show that organizing centers induce the formation of dorsal and ventral progenitor zones separated by a defined boundary – like a yin-yang symbolizing the balance between distinct but complementary entities. Color code: Dark red = Cortical hem signaling center Red = Pax6 positive radial glia progenitors in the dorsal forebrain Magenta = TBR2 positive intermediate progenitor cells in the dorsal forebrain Yellow-green = GSX2 positive progenitors in the ventral forebrain Green = DLX2 progenitors and young neurons in the ventral forebrain Cyan = VGAT positive interneurons migrating from ventral to dorsal forebrain Purple = Excitatory neurons generated in the dorsal forebrain From Magdalena Renner, Madeline A Lancaster, Jürgen A Knoblich and colleagues: Self-organized developmental patterning and differentiation in cerebral organoids. For details, see the Article on p 1316, also highlighted by Dias and Guillemot on p 1299. Artwork by Beata Edyta Mierzwa, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria; (beatascienceart.com). Volume 36Issue 1015 May 2017In this issue ReferencesRelatedDetailsLoading ...

Osteopontin attenuates aging-associated phenotypes of hematopoietic stem cells.

Corrigendum15 May 2017free access Osteopontin attenuates aging-associated phenotypes of hematopoietic stem cells Novella Guidi Novella Guidi Search for more papers by this author Mehmet Sacma Mehmet Sacma Search for more papers by this author Ludger Ständker Ludger Ständker Search for more papers by this author Karin Soller Karin Soller Search for more papers by this author Gina Marka Gina Marka Search for more papers by this author Karina Eiwen Karina Eiwen Search for more papers by this author Johannes M Weiss Johannes M Weiss Search for more papers by this author Frank Kirchhoff Frank Kirchhoff Search for more papers by this author Tanja Weil Tanja Weil Search for more papers by this author Jose A Cancelas Jose A Cancelas Search for more papers by this author Maria Carolina Florian Maria Carolina Florian Search for more papers by this author Hartmut Geiger Hartmut Geiger orcid.org/0000-0001-7314-9891 Search for more papers by this author Novella Guidi Novella Guidi Search for more papers by this author Mehmet Sacma Mehmet Sacma Search for more papers by this author Ludger Ständker Ludger Ständker Search for more papers by this author Karin Soller Karin Soller Search for more papers by this author Gina Marka Gina Marka Search for more papers by this author Karina Eiwen Karina Eiwen Search for more papers by this author Johannes M Weiss Johannes M Weiss Search for more papers by this author Frank Kirchhoff Frank Kirchhoff Search for more papers by this author Tanja Weil Tanja Weil Search for more papers by this author Jose A Cancelas Jose A Cancelas Search for more papers by this author Maria Carolina Florian Maria Carolina Florian Search for more papers by this author Hartmut Geiger Hartmut Geiger orcid.org/0000-0001-7314-9891 Search for more papers by this author Author Information Novella Guidi, Mehmet Sacma, Ludger Ständker, Karin Soller, Gina Marka, Karina Eiwen, Johannes M Weiss, Frank Kirchhoff, Tanja Weil, Jose A Cancelas, Maria Carolina Florian and Hartmut Geiger The EMBO Journal (2017)36:1463-1463https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201796968 This article corrects the following: Osteopontin attenuates aging-associated phenotypes of hematopoietic stem cells02 March 2017 ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyWechatReddit Figures & Info We have found that panel A in Figure 5 (subpanel Old + C) is mistakenly a duplication of panel H in Figure 4 (subpanel Old + FL). According to our inspection of the original data sets, this is due to a mistake during the assembly of the panels. We show here the amended correct images for Figure 5, panel A (Old + C). Figure 5.Figure 5A, with correct panel Old + C. Download figure Download PowerPoint The change does not affect the original conclusions presented. We apologize for this mistake. All authors approve of this correction. Related Source data for Figure 5A, panel Old + C. Red: AcH4K16; Green: tubulin; Blue: DAPI. Previous ArticleNext Article Read MoreAbout the coverClose modalView large imageVolume 36,Issue 10,15 May 2017Cover: The balance of brain organoid differentiation. This drawing illustrates the remarkable self-organization capacity of cerebral organoids that allows them to recapitulate human brain development in vitro. The authors show that organizing centers induce the formation of dorsal and ventral progenitor zones separated by a defined boundary – like a yin-yang symbolizing the balance between distinct but complementary entities. Color code: Dark red = Cortical hem signaling center Red = Pax6 positive radial glia progenitors in the dorsal forebrain Magenta = TBR2 positive intermediate progenitor cells in the dorsal forebrain Yellow-green = GSX2 positive progenitors in the ventral forebrain Green = DLX2 progenitors and young neurons in the ventral forebrain Cyan = VGAT positive interneurons migrating from ventral to dorsal forebrain Purple = Excitatory neurons generated in the dorsal forebrain From Magdalena Renner, Madeline A Lancaster, Jürgen A Knoblich and colleagues: Self-organized developmental patterning and differentiation in cerebral organoids. For details, see the Article on p 1316, also highlighted by Dias and Guillemot on p 1299. Artwork by Beata Edyta Mierzwa, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria; (beatascienceart.com). Volume 36Issue 1015 May 2017In this issue FiguresRelatedDetailsLoading ...

Clinical phenotypes of obstructive airway diseases in an outpatient population

Background and Objectives: Historically, obstructive airway diseases such as asthma and COPD are classified as different diseases. Although the definitions are clearly described, classification of patients into these traditional, clinical disease entity can be difficult. Recent evidence that there are complex, overlapping phenotypes of obstructive lung disease. Our aim was to capture clinical phenotypes of obstructive diseases through the use of cluster analysis in a representative patient population at a common Dutch pulmonary outpatient clinic. Clinical physiological and cellular/ molecular markers were used in the analysis. Methods: To carry out the cluster analysis, an imputed dataset was created from a random sample of 191 adult patients chosen from a pulmonary outpatient clinic. The selection criteria from the sample included patients with a doctor's diagnosis for asthma or COPD. Detailed assessment of patient pulmonary function, blood eosinophil counts, allergic sensitisation and smoking history was collected. Results: We observed four distinct clusters with different clinical characteristics of obstructive lung diseases. Cluster 1: patients with a history of extensive cigarette smoking, airway obstruction without signs of emphysema; cluster 2: patients with features of the emphysematous type of COPD; cluster 3: patients with characteristics of allergic asthma; cluster 4: patients with features suggesting an overlap syndrome of atopic asthma and COPD. Conclusion: Four phenotypes of obstructive lung disease were identified amongst patients clinically labelled as asthma or COPD. These findings emphasize the concept that there are different phenotypes of obstructive lung diseases, including overlapping and complementary disease entities. These phenotypes of chronic airways disease can serve to tailor disease management.

Recent developments in the layer-by-layer assembly of polyaniline and carbon nanomaterials for energy storage and sensing applications. From synthetic aspects to structural and functional characterization.

The construction of hybrid polymer-inorganic nanoarchitectures for electrochemical purposes based on the layer-by-layer assembly of conducting polymers and carbon nanomaterials has become increasingly popular over the last decade. This explosion of interest is primarily related to the increasing mastery in the design of supramolecular constructs using simple wet chemical approaches. Concomitantly, this continuous research activity paved the way to the rapid development of nanocomposites or "nanoblends" readily integrable into energy storage and sensing devices. In this sense, the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique has allowed us to access three-dimensional (3D) multicomponent carbon-based network nanoarchitectures displaying addressable electrical, electrochemical and transport properties in which conducting polymers, such as polyaniline, and carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes or nanographene, play unique roles without disrupting their inherent functions - complementary entities coexisting in harmony. Over the last few years the level of functional sophistication reached by LbL-assembled carbon-based 3D network nanoarchitectures, and the level of knowledge related to how to design, fabricate and optimize the properties of these 3D nanoconstructs have advanced enormously. This feature article presents and discusses not only the recent advances but also the emerging challenges in complex hybrid nanoarchitectures that result from the layer-by-layer assembly of polyaniline, a quintessential conducting polymer, and diverse carbon nanomaterials. This is a rapidly developing research area, and this work attempts to provide an overview of the diverse 3D network nanoarchitectures prepared up to now. The importance of materials processing and LbL integration is explored within each section and while the overall emphasis is on energy storage and sensing applications, the most widely-used synthetic strategies and characterization methods for "nanoblend" formation and performance evaluation are also presented.

From competition to complementarity

Influence maximization is a well-studied problem that asks for a small set of influential users from a social network, such that by targeting them as early adopters, the expected total adoption through influence cascades over the network is maximized. However, almost all prior work focuses on cascades of a single propagating entity or purely-competitive entities. In this work, we propose the Comparative Independent Cascade (Com-IC) model that covers the full spectrum of entity interactions from competition to complementarity. In Com-IC, users' adoption decisions depend not only on edge-level information propagation, but also on a node-level automaton whose behavior is governed by a set of model parameters, enabling our model to capture not only competition, but also complementarity, to any possible degree. We study two natural optimization problems, Self Influence Maximization and Complementary Influence Maximization , in a novel setting with complementary entities. Both problems are NP-hard, and we devise efficient and effective approximation algorithms via non-trivial techniques based on reverse-reachable sets and a novel "sandwich approximation" strategy. The applicability of both techniques extends beyond our model and problems. Our experiments show that the proposed algorithms consistently outperform intuitive baselines on four real-world social networks, often by a significant margin. In addition, we learn model parameters from real user action logs.

Heavy Element Metallacycles: Insights into the Nature of Host–Guest Interactions Involving Dihalide Mercuramacrocycle Complexes

Host–guest chemistry is a relevant issue in materials science, which encompasses the study of highly structured molecular frameworks composed of at least two complementary entities associated through noncovalent interactions, where structures involving several metallic centers, namely, metallacycles, acting as host species, offer significant advantages over organic systems due to the high versatility of their binding sites in terms of ion recognition. In this context, we study via relativistic density functional calculations the host–guest formation of systems involving a heavy element metallacycle, [HgC(CF3)2]5, which binds to several halide anions to give [(HgC(CF3)2)5 2X]2 (X = Cl, Br, I). Our results reveal an interesting case where the expected soft acid–soft base pair is not the more stable situation. Instead, a surprising hard–soft pair arises as the preferred species, with stronger forces toward Cl– than those corresponding to I– by about 24 kcal/mol. To understand such a situation, the use of a detailed analysis of the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) terms suggests the electrostatic character of the host–guest pair, which is ruled by the ion–dipole term by about 97%, favoring the inclusion of the hard base, namely, Cl–, instead of the softer counterpart, I–. The current approach allows determining the role of certain Coulombic terms in the electrostatic nature of the interaction, leading to a clear rationalization of the soft–soft or hard–soft preferences into the formation of host–guest pairs, which can be extended to the study of the behavior of several organic or inorganic systems.

Guest Editorial: Ten Years of ESIL - Reflections; European Hypocrisy: TTIP and ISDS; Masthead Changes; Roll of Honour; In this Issue; Christmas Reading? Christmas Gifts? Some Suggestions from the Editor-in-Chief

From time to time, we are asked about the relationship between EJIL and the European Society of International Law (ESIL). That relationship is simple: the Journal and the Society are two separate, but mutually supportive and complementary entities. Indeed, past and present EJIL Editors can boast, with parental pride, of having been present at the conception, as well as the birth, of the Society! From its inception, membership in ESIL has included automatic online and print subscriptions to EJIL - including very soon a tablet version.The relationship has only strengthened in recent years, with ESIL Presidents and Presidents-elect serving ex officio on the EJIL Board. It is in the spirit of that growing bond that we wholeheartedly share in ESIL's 10-year celebrations, and have invited the following Guest Editorial from its leadership. Guest Editorial: Ten Years of ESIL - Reflections Ten years ago, the European Society of International Law (ESIL) organized its Inaugural Conference in Florence. Some papers were later published in the Baltic Yearbook of International Law but, other than that, most presentations at the event have long been forgotten. Yet that event was one of those moments where the participants still proudly recall that they were there: yes, I was there in Florence when ESIL started, I was there when the seed was planted. Ten years later, although ESIL has matured rapidly with the development of a wide array of activities, the Society is still in its formative stage. There is a real sense that ESIL is beginning to realize its enormous potential for understanding and influencing international law in Europe and throughout the world. But this is not a self-propelling process. On a day-to-day basis, critical choices have to be made on the directions in which the Society can and should evolve.

Competition Law Enforcement: Should Investigation and Decision Powers Be Entrusted to Different Authorities? The Case of France

Unlike many European Member States the responsibility to receive complaints, conduct investigations and punish anti-competitive practices is entrusted a single authority, competition law enforcement is orghanised in France around two distinct and complementary entities. These entities are a competition authority independent from the political power and administrative services depending on the Minister for the Economy. They together form the French Competition Network and their combination has produced important benefits : detection of many anti-competitive practices, significant investigative power, possibility to focus on priority cases, delegation of certain cases to administrative services.

Graphene Based Dots and Antidots: A Comparative Study from First Principles

Graphene based quantum dots and antidots are two nanostructures of primary importance for their fundamental physics and technological applications, particularly in the emerging field of graphene-based nanoelectronics and nanospintronics. Herein, based on first principles density functional theory calculations, we report a comparative study on the electronic structure of these two structurally complementary entities, where the bandgap opening, edge magnetism and the role of hydrogenation are investigated. Our results show the diversity of electronic structures of various dots and antidots, whose properties are sensitive to the edge detailed geometry (including size and shape and edge type). Hydrogen passivation plays an essential roal in affecting the related properties, in particular, it leads to larger bandgap values and suppress the edge magnetism. The frontier orbital analysis is employed to rationalize and compare the complicated nature of dots and antidots. Based on the specific geometrical consideration and the total energy competition of the ground antiferromagnetic and the ferromagnetic states, some magnetic structures (the unpassivated 42-atom-antidot and 54-atom-dot) are proposed to be useful as magnetic switches.

A survey of algorithmic skeleton frameworks: high‐level structured parallel programming enablers

AbstractStructured parallel programs ought to be conceived as two separate and complementary entities: computation, which expresses the calculations in a procedural manner, and coordination, which abstracts the interaction and communication. By abstracting commonly used patterns of parallel computation, communication, and interaction, algorithmic skeletons enable programmers to code algorithms without specifying platform‐dependent primitives. This article presents a literature review on algorithmic skeleton frameworks (ASKF), parallel software development environments furnishing a collection of parameterizable algorithmic skeletons, where the control flow, nesting, resource monitoring, and portability of the resulting parallel program is dictated by the ASKF as opposed to the programmer. Consequently, the ASKF can be positioned as high‐level structured parallel programming enablers, as their systematic utilization permits the abstract description of programs and fosters portability by focusing on the description of the algorithmic structure rather than on its detailed implementation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Academic Library and Collaborative Architectural Education: Creating a Materials Collection at Cal Poly

In an effort to promote a heightened awareness of building materials and their role in the design process, California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) has developed a materials collection for use by its faculty, students, and practicing architects. The collection is comprised of two linked and complementary entities—physical samples of building products and a custom online database—intended to foster the discovery, integration, and application of materials. The project was conceived and created by a diverse team from the College of Architecture and Environmental Design (CAED), the campus library, and the college media resource center. This article describes the following aspects of the project: the rationale behind, inspiration for, and educational objectives of the materials collection; the history of materials collections; and the creation, challenges, and next steps for the materials collection at Cal Poly.