Comparative Performance Evaluation Research Articles

Synergistic effect of complementary cleaner energy sources on controllable emission from hybrid power systems in optimal power flow framework

The increased penetration of renewable energy resources into the power system may make the system operation extremely vulnerable due to their inherent volatility and variability. Thus, optimum utilization of cleaner power generation into the power system without affecting the operational economy, voltage security and stability becomes a challenging issue. To minimize this adverse impact of intermittent renewable resources, hydro power sources may be considered as an effective option. Inclusion of hydro power may contribute towards optimal utilization of the abundant clean energy and enhance the capability to mitigate the volatile renewable power sources while forming a stable hybrid power system (HPS). In this context, an intelligent generation scheduling (IGS) mechanism is proposed to effectively mitigate these complex challenges. To further analyze these issues, multiple case studies under different operating conditions are carried out to portray the significance of incorporating the complementary behaviour of hydro-solar generation with thermal power generation facilities in environmental optimal power flow (EOPF) framework. Widely accepted IEEE 30 bus benchmark system is considered for the validation of results. Optimal operational paradigm (OOP) for the three different HPS configurations i.e. (1) Solar-Thermal (ST); (2) Hydro-Thermal (HT); and (3) Solar-Hydro-Thermal (SHT) is evaluated using Jaya algorithm (JA) while meeting the real time constraints. With the OOP, a comparative performance evaluation is carried out among different hybrid configurations in fulfilling the multiple objectives. Results show the supremacy of SHT configuration in minimizing the operating cost by 1.324×105 US$/y to 2.445×105 US$/y and emission up to 15.768 Tons/y compared to other configurations.

Comparative performance evaluation of multi-objective optimized desiccant wheels coated with MIL-100 (Fe) and silica gel composite

Metal-organic frameworks have been introduced as promising alternative materials to improve the performance of conventional desiccant wheels (DWs) in desiccant cooling systems. However, simultaneously achieving high dehumidification and energy performance of DWs coated with advanced desiccant materials is challenging owing to the trade-off between these indices. In this study, based on multi-objective optimization, the dehumidification and energy performance improvement of a DW coated with MIL-100 (Fe) (MCDW) over a conventional DW coated with silica gel (SGDW) and silica composite (SCDW) were evaluated. Based on the data measured in this study, a metamodel was developed using an artificial neural network to predict the performance of the MCDW. Furthermore, Morris sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the decision variables. The optimal solutions were determined using multi-objective optimization and a Euclidean distance-based approach. Finally, a comparative performance evaluation between the optimized MCDW and SCDW was conducted under baseline conditions. As a result, the optimized MCDW showed higher dehumidification and energy performance than the optimized SCDW and SGDW.

Comparative evaluation of flame retardant performance in rigid polyurethane foams: TCPP, TDCP MP, and ATH as promising additives

The high flammability of rigid polyurethane foams has limited emerging applications (sensors, space travel, and others). Enhancing the mechanical, thermal, and flame-retardant properties of RPUF is an important theme in flame retardant science and technology. This study compares the fire performance of polyurethane foams (PUF) containing four different flame retardants: tris (2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCP), melamine phosphate (MP), and aluminum trihydrate (ATH). The flame retardants were added at 10% and 20% rates, and the resulting PUFs were characterized for their morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties using various analytical techniques. The fire performance of the PUFs was evaluated using ISO 11925-2 and UL-94 tests. The results demonstrated that all four flame retardants enhanced the fire performance of the PUFs, with TCPP and TDCP exhibiting the most favorable outcomes. The study highlights the importance of using flame retardants in PUFs to improve their fire performance in various applications.

Routing Protocols in MANET: Comparative Analysis and Performance Evaluation

Routing Protocols in MANET: Comparative Analysis and Performance Evaluation

Comparative Performance Evaluation for 1.2–10kV Conventional and Superjunction GaN Current Aperture Vertical Electron Transistors

The performance potentials and limits for GaN current aperture vertical electron transistors with conventional, doped, and natural polarization superjunction (PSJ) drift layers at 1.2–10 kV breakdown voltage (BV) ratings are quantitatively compared. The static and dynamic performance parameters for each device are simulated and extracted. The specific on‐resistance RON,sp and specific total charge QT,sp (defined as the sum of specific gate charge QG,sp and specific drain–source charge QDS,sp) are extracted from Medici technology computer‐aided design simulations representing both the static and dynamic performance respectively. Moreover, a developed figure‐of‐merit (FoM) (RON,sp · QT,sp) is used to quantitively compare the performance of these field‐effect transistors in the range of BV ratings. Compared to the doped superjunction (DSJ) and conventional CAVETs, natural PSJ CAVET exhibits 1%–60% and 70%–99% reduction in RON,sp, while it is 100 to 1000× reduction in QT,sp, at BV between 1.2 and 10 kV respectively. Simultaneously, 22%–80% and 80%–99% reduction in performance FoM respectively are found.

Intelligent traffic light systems using edge flow predictions

In this paper, we propose a novel graph-based semi-supervised learning approach for traffic light management in multiple intersections. Specifically, the basic premise behind our paper is that if we know some of the occupied roads and predict which roads will be congested, we can dynamically change traffic lights at the intersections that are connected to the roads anticipated to be congested. Comparative performance evaluations show that the proposed approach can produce comparable average vehicle waiting time and reduce the training/learning time of learning adequate traffic light configurations for all intersections within a few seconds, while a deep learning-based approach can be trained in a few days for learning similar light configurations.

Comparative Performance Evaluation of Swarm Intelligence-Based FOPID Controllers for PMSM Speed Control

Comparative Performance Evaluation of Swarm Intelligence-Based FOPID Controllers for PMSM Speed Control

Comparative evaluation of clinical performance, child and parental satisfaction of Bioflex, zirconia and stainless steel crowns in pediatric patients

Background: Pediatric treatment is challenging in patients with early childhood caries. It is difficult due to the adjacency of pulp, miniature tooth size, and thin enamel compared to permanent dentition. Nowadays, aesthetics play an important role in managing decayed teeth, and children need treatment that includes full coverage crowns in either stainless steel or anesthetic crown in zirconia or the recently developed Bioflex crown. The Bioflex crowns are highly flexible and aesthetically preformed pediatric crowns with combined stainless steel and zirconia properties. This study aims to assess the clinical performance and child and parental satisfaction of Bioflex crowns compared to zirconia and stainless steel crowns. Methods: In the current in-vivo comparison of Bioflex crowns with zirconia and stainless steel crowns, children aged three to seven years old will be selected, and 72 primary teeth requiring crowns will be randomly distributed into three groups, n = 24: Group I: Preformed stainless steel crown, control; Group II: Preformed Bioflex crown; Group III: Preformed zirconia crown. Crowns will be evaluated for recurrent caries, plaque accumulation, restoration failure, gingival status opposing tooth wear, and clinicians and parental satisfaction at zero, three, six, and 12 months. Newly introduced aesthetic crowns will serve as a versatile alternative for restoring primary decayed teeth that over-performed aesthetic and conventional crowns. Conclusions: The Bioflex crown will be assessed as a better aesthetic substitute for the future, and the satisfaction level of parents will be evaluated. Trial registration: CTRI registration number: CTRI/2023/05/052256; Date of registration: May 03, 2023. Protocol version: Two; Date: April 22, 2023

Benefits of an innovative polygeneration system integrated with salinity gradient solar pond and desalination unit

Solar energy accumulation, low-temperature thermal heat stockpiling, and more sustained performance are the attractive specifications of a salinity-gradient solar pond (SGSP). Extracted low-grade heat from these components can be employed for various residential applications such as electric power, cooling load, and freshwater production. An innovative energy generation system consisting of a flat plate collector (FPC), single-stage absorption chiller (SSAC), thermoelectric generator (TEG), desalination unit, NaClO plant, SGSP, and a wind turbine farm is proposed. The theoretical investigations demonstrate the multidimensional benefits of the system throughout the year. A comprehensive thermodynamic, economic, and exergoenvironmental assessments of the annual operation of the system is conducted. For a comparative evaluation of the system performance, the individual scenarios are outlined. Results from energy and exergy studies show that the associated efficiencies are 27.3 % and 19 %, respectively. Also, the system has the capability to supply a cooling load capacity of 2391 kW, net electricity power of 583.9 kW, hydrogen of 1.48 m3/s, freshwater of 0.01445 m3/s, and sodium hypochlorite of 0.001416 kg/s. Moreover, the payback period and the factor of environmental damage effectiveness for the system are 3.2 years and 2.223, respectively.

Comparative Evaluation of Safety and Performance of Latex and Nitrile Surgical Gloves: A Post - Market Clinical Follow - Up Study

Comparative Evaluation of Safety and Performance of Latex and Nitrile Surgical Gloves: A Post - Market Clinical Follow - Up Study

Comparative Performance Evaluation of Transparent Conducting Oxides With Different Mobilities for All-Optical Switching in Silicon

All-optical switching is an appealing approach for signal processing, optical communications or sensing systems. In this work, we compare the performance of doped cadmium oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, and indium tin oxide as transparent conducting oxide (TCO) materials with different mobilities in thin-film configuration integrated into a hybrid silicon photonic waveguide. Our results reveal the best operational parameters and trade-offs for enabling high-performance and energy-efficient switching by using TCOs with moderate mobility but more environmental-friendly. Extinction ratios of 10 dB∙μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and insertion losses of 2 dB∙μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> are achieved by an AZO/Si amplitude switch with an energy consumption of only 90 fJ. These results reveal that cadmium-free TCO materials can also be leveraged to build high-performance all-optical switches in silicon.

Analysis of the economic performance of salmon farming in submerged and surface cages in the Black Sea.

The production period for salmon farming in the Black Sea comprises the winter period and is limited to seven months, due to high water temperatures during the summer time. As an alternative strategy, temporary cage submersion during the summer season might be a solution for salmon grow-out throughout the year. Therefore, this study was conducted for comparative evaluation of economic performance of submerged and surface cages, by analyzing structural costs and returns for Turkish salmon farming in the Black Sea. As a result of the temporary cage submersion strategy, economic profits increased by nearly 70%, granting higher values of financial indicators with increased net profit (685,652.5 $ year-1) and margin of safety (89.6%), compared to the traditional surface cage (397,058.5 $ year-1 net profit and 88.4% margin of safety). The "What-if" analysis showed that profits from both cage systems were sensitive to variations in sale price, and the simulation by 10% reduced export market value may decrease revenues, with less financial profit loss for the submerged cage over the surface once. Hence, temporary cage submersion seems to be an alternative farm management strategy with extended production cycle and higher profits for the sustainable development of Turkish salmon farming in the Black Sea.

Comparative Performance Evaluation of Ordinary and Encased Granular Columns Subjected to Lateral Shear

Comparative Performance Evaluation of Ordinary and Encased Granular Columns Subjected to Lateral Shear

An intelligent cascaded fuzzy‐lead‐lag‐based damping control scheme incorporating variable frequency transformer and superconducting magnetic energy storage in multimachine power system

AbstractThis paper investigates the potential capability of recently proposed flexible power transmisssion device, namely, variable frequency transformer (VFT), to effectively mitigate low‐frequency oscillations (LFOs). VFT with a high rotational inertia has an inherent natural damping capacity that may be utilized to attenuate power system oscillations. To provide additional system damping, a comprehensive approach is presented, which integrates the coordination of VFT with superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). An intelligently designed novel cascaded lead‐lag fuzzy logic controller (CLLFLC) utilizing a global stabilizing control signal constitutes the supervisory controller for VFT and SMES. The stabilizing feedback signal that contains information about overall system dynamics can be easily obtained through wide area measurement systems (WAMS) and is determined using participation factor (PF) analysis. In addition, a newly developed optimization technique known as K‐means optimizer (KO) is used for optimizing CLLFLC parameters utilized for the carefully orchestrated operation of VFT and SMES. Numerous simulation studies are conducted on two‐area multigenerator interconnected network to validate the resilience of the suggested approach. The findings demonstrate that the proposed control strategy with optimized gain parameters efficaciously damped the LFOs. To show the superior damping effectiveness of the suggested KO‐CLLFLC controller, a comparative performance evaluation with a damping controller designed on residue approach was also undertaken.

A comparative evaluation of the safety performance of bus priority route configurations

One way to promote public transport use in cities lies in establishing bus priority routes (BPRs) on main traffic arterials, to reduce bus travel times. But, BPRs require infrastructure changes in road layouts, creating more complex traffic settings that may have safety implications. Previous research indicated that design features affect BPRs' safety, but findings regarding the impacts of various BPR configurations are scarce. In this study, we examined the safety performance of three BPR configurations: barrier-separated central, open centre-lane and curbside BPRs, in Israel. Multivariate regression models were fitted to identify design features affecting accident occurrences on urban arterials with BPRs, using a database on all BPRs in operation. The comparative evaluations showed that barrier-separated BPRs were characterised by lower accident rates on road sections but by substantially higher accident numbers at junctions, relative to other BPR types, and particularly when bus-overtaking was possible. Hence, the use of barrier-separated bus routes should be reduced and bus-overtaking settings should be avoided, when implementing BPRs. In the comparison of curbside and center-lane BPRs none of them demonstrated a superior safety performance: the centre-lane BPRs were safer on sections while at junctions both types had advantages for certain accident types, thus, both forms are applicable in future BPR designs.

Influence of outdoor conditions on PV module performance – an overview

The utilization of renewable sources of energy is of significant interest today. This is particularly the case due to the growing interest in addressing global warming, carbon footprint and the associated challenges for the environment. In this context, the enhanced use of solar panels is relevant and timely. With a view to understand and appreciate the fundamentals of the workings of the solar panels and the influence of the outdoor weather-related parameters on their operational characteristics, a study is presented in this paper. A detailed procedure for performance measurement of PV modules in outdoor conditions is reported. Improvement in the precision of outdoor performance measurements of photovoltaic (PV) modules is investigated for a wide range of outdoor conditions. A comparative performance evaluation of the currently available PV modules under the influence of humidity, irradiance and particle radiation is presented. PV parameters show strong dependence on these outdoor conditions. The instability in solar cell modules when reacting with water or under high humidity inhibits the high performance of solar cell modules. Irradiation results depict that the silicon-based PV modules show a decreasing trend of power conversion efficiency with increasing solar irradiance. The efficiency increases with increased solar irradiance for CdTe, GaAs and CIGS solar cells in the irradiance range of 200 to 1000 W•m-2. Tandem and multi-junction solar cells exhibit a high-power conversion efficiency when the solar irradiance increases from 0 - 70 suns. Perovskite solar cells have better particle radiation tolerance than silicon, III-V and CIGS solar cells. The shading problem is discussed briefly for solar cell modules. This study is aimed to provide valuable and comparable information on the degradation performance of solar cells as function of humidity, irradiance and particle radiation, and serves as the basis for future development.

TS-CAGR:Traffic sensitive connectivity-aware geocast routing protocol in internet of vehicles

High vehicular mobility, frequent path link disruption and disconnection as well as random distribution of vehicular nodes make the establishment of path link for data dissemination highly challenging and the existing ad hoc routing protocols ineffective. The presence of traffic lights in metropolitan environments has a significant impact on connectivity because changes to traffic signals can induce variations in the geographical distribution of nodes. The designing of connectivity-aware geocast routing protocol using multi-hop communicational pattern, which is sensitive to traffic signal and traffic noise is a significant and contemporary issue in urban Internet of Vehicles (IoV). In this context, this paper proposes a Traffic Sensitive Connectivity-Aware Geocast Routing (TS-CAGR) protocol to minimize the impact of a traffic signals on link connectivity among vehicles along a path. First, a system connectivity model focusing on segmentation of a road into platoon and cell formation due to traffic light is presented. Secondly, connectivity model is presented to compute and analysis the connectivity probability using both platoon and cell formation. Thirdly, the routing algorithm is proposed comprising of an adaptive path selection mechanism to find suitable path segments based on the On-the-Fly Segment Density (OFSD) approach. Next Hop Vehicle (NHV) selection using Angular Zone-based two-hop four-neighbor information (AZ-2-H-4-NI) approach, and Store-Carry-Retransmit (SCR) approach to cope with the frequent link disconnection problem. By combining both Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication patterns, the total probability of connectivity in cluster and cell-based vehicular node configurations has been computed. The performance of TS-CAGR is evaluated in an urban vehicular environment by considering performance parameters: throughput, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ration and routing overhead. The comparative performance evaluation attests to the superiority of the TS-CAGR protocol over the existing protocols.

A comparative experimental performance evaluation of solar air collector having absorber plate with convex oval-trench dimple

A comparative experimental performance evaluation of solar air collector having absorber plate with convex oval-trench dimple

Some quasi-distribution-free schemes for Phase-I analysis of multivariate industrial processes

This paper introduces distance-based quasi-distribution-free approaches for Phase-I analysis of multivariate and high-dimensional processes. Phase-I analysis involves a retrospective study of the collected data to learn the features and stability of the process. At this stage, knowledge about the underlying distribution is limited and nonparametric statistical process monitoring (NSPM) plays a vital role. A wide range of NSPM tools exist for Phase-I analysis of univariate data, but similar schemes for multivariate and high-dimensional data are relatively limited. In particular, the multivariate NSPM literature related to monitoring the location and scale aspects in tandem in Phase I is scarce, but it is crucial in evaluating and establishing process stability. This paper aims to bridge the gap by introducing alternative multivariate schemes that are capable of detecting changes in the multivariate location vector, scale matrix, or both without knowledge of the process distribution. A thorough Monte Carlo experiment is conducted for comparative performance evaluation, and the results are encouraging in favour of the proposed schemes. Guidelines on using the proposed schemes are also offered. Finally, two industrial case studies are reported.

Binding Site Detection Remastered: Enabling Fast, Robust, and Reliable Binding Site Detection and Descriptor Calculation with DoGSite3

Binding site prediction on protein structures is a crucial step in early phase drug discovery whenever experimental or predicted structure models are involved. DoGSite belongs to the widely used tools for this task. It is a grid-based method that uses a Difference-of-Gaussian filter to detect cavities on the protein surface. We recently reimplemented the first version of this method, released in 2010, focusing on improved binding site detection in the presence of ligands and optimized parameters for more robust, reliable, and fast predictions and binding site descriptor calculations. Here, we introduce the new version, DoGSite3, compare it to its predecessor, and re-evaluate DoGSite on published data sets for a large-scale comparative performance evaluation.