TS-CAGR:Traffic sensitive connectivity-aware geocast routing protocol in internet of vehicles

Abstract

High vehicular mobility, frequent path link disruption and disconnection as well as random distribution of vehicular nodes make the establishment of path link for data dissemination highly challenging and the existing ad hoc routing protocols ineffective. The presence of traffic lights in metropolitan environments has a significant impact on connectivity because changes to traffic signals can induce variations in the geographical distribution of nodes. The designing of connectivity-aware geocast routing protocol using multi-hop communicational pattern, which is sensitive to traffic signal and traffic noise is a significant and contemporary issue in urban Internet of Vehicles (IoV). In this context, this paper proposes a Traffic Sensitive Connectivity-Aware Geocast Routing (TS-CAGR) protocol to minimize the impact of a traffic signals on link connectivity among vehicles along a path. First, a system connectivity model focusing on segmentation of a road into platoon and cell formation due to traffic light is presented. Secondly, connectivity model is presented to compute and analysis the connectivity probability using both platoon and cell formation. Thirdly, the routing algorithm is proposed comprising of an adaptive path selection mechanism to find suitable path segments based on the On-the-Fly Segment Density (OFSD) approach. Next Hop Vehicle (NHV) selection using Angular Zone-based two-hop four-neighbor information (AZ-2-H-4-NI) approach, and Store-Carry-Retransmit (SCR) approach to cope with the frequent link disconnection problem. By combining both Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication patterns, the total probability of connectivity in cluster and cell-based vehicular node configurations has been computed. The performance of TS-CAGR is evaluated in an urban vehicular environment by considering performance parameters: throughput, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ration and routing overhead. The comparative performance evaluation attests to the superiority of the TS-CAGR protocol over the existing protocols.