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Der Einfluss einer krankenhausinternen Richtlinie auf die Einstellung von Ärzten zur pharmazeutischen Industrie

Several hospitals have issued their own guidelines that regulate the conduct of staff members toward the pharmaceutical industry. The effect of theses guidelines on the attitude of the doctors toward the pharmaceutical industry in Germany has so far been unknown. This study investigated whether hospital doctors with guidelines and those without guidelines differ in their attitude toward the pharmaceutical industry. A retrospective analysis was undertaken to determine the influence of hospital guidelines on the attitude of doctors toward the pharmaceutical industry. In May 2008 all doctors in intensive care of a hospital with and one without guidelines were asked anonymously by a questionnaire about their dealings with the pharmaceutical industry. The response rate was 64.9 % (37/57) and 55.1 % (59/107) respectively. The cooperation rate in both groups was 100 %. In the hospital with guidelines every doctor was on average carrying 0.56 +/- 0.64 pharmaceutical advertising gifts with a company logo, while the average in the institution without guidelines was 1.2 +/- 0.61 advertising gifts (p = 0.026). Whereas 49 % of doctors with guidelines considered the acceptance of advertising gifts as not questionable, 81 % without guidelines did (p = 0.001; RRR = 0.65; 95 % CI = 0.48-0.91). Furthermore, 70 % of doctors in the institution with guidelines compared with 92 % of those doctors in the hospital without guidelines believed that the advertising practices of the pharmaceutical industry had no influence on their prescribing behaviour (p = 0.010; RRR = 3.6; 95 % CI = 1.36-9.52). Both groups of doctors are convinced that other doctors are more influenced by the pharmaceutical industry than they are themselves (51 % with and 37 % without guidelines, p = 0.207). 70 % and 90 %, respectively of all participants considered hospital guidelines setting standards of conduct toward the pharmaceutical industry and those not sponsored by industry to have a positive effect. Every other doctor additionally stated the advice by the pharmaceutical industry was not helpful for his work. Hospital guidelines on relations with the pharmaceutical industry appear to further a critical attitude by physicians regarding the pharmaceutical industry.

¿Cómo son las páginas webs de los laboratorios farmacéuticos dirigidas a los usuarios?

Objective To describe the content and structure of the websites of pharmaceutical companies (PC) with health information to patients. Design Descriptive, cross-sectional. Main measurements health topics treated, and 9 sections: objectives and target population; editorial policy, authoring, updating of content, personal data protection, interactivity, accessibility, advertising labels. Setting Internet. Participants All PC websites with patient health information in Spanish. Results We studied 60 sites found. Most common: 19.3% neurology, mental health and 12% digestive diseases. Few specify the address of the person responsible for the site (51.7%), responsible for quality (10%) or the authors of the text (15%). Nearly 2/3 show the date of publication of content (66.7%), but only 13.3% updated. Privacy and data protection are mentioned in 65%, with only 28.3% allowing control of the use of personal data. Only 10% allow expressing doubts online and 1/3 of the sites have frequently asked questions. A total of 41.7% omitted to say their information does not replace medical advice. Educational materials (for children) can be downloaded in 11.7%. Almost all (93.3%) adapted their language to the recipient, but none are accessible to disabled people. The majority (86.7%) have the company logo on all pages. Only 16.7% are fronts for advertising, and only 9 sites have a quality seal (HONcode). Conclusions Pages are designed to give superficial information on a disease than directly advertise a particular brand or active ingredient. However, their reliability has to be low due to the authors and sources of information being unknown. If Internet health information was truthful and backed up by authors or appropriate information sources, the Internet could well be a genuine health education tool.

Prevalence of youth cigarette smoking and selected social factors in 25 European countries: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey

To present Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data on the prevalence of cigarette smoking and selected social factors among students aged 13-15 years in 25 European countries. The GYTS is a school-based survey of students aged 13-15 years. The GYTS was conducted in 25 European countries (2002-2005) and produced representative data for each country. In 25 European countries studied, 22% of boys and 18% of girls smoked cigarettes. In 17 of 25 countries, current cigarette smoking did not differ between boys and girls. Exposure to secondhand smoke is very high throughout the 25 countries. Exposure to pro-tobacco indirect advertising (having tobacco company logos on promotional items and being given free cigarettes) is frequent throughout the countries. Intensified efforts to lessen harm caused by tobacco use among youth in 25 European countries included in this study are urgently needed. These countries need to develop and implement comprehensive tobacco control programs including public education campaigns, cessation programs, enforcement of existing measures, and related policy efforts. The WHO FCTC provides a useful framework for implementing such a comprehensive approach.

Colour and meaning in corporate logos: An empirical study

Corporate visual identity helps establish and maintain a company's corporate image, of which the colour and design of a company's logo is central. This study examines the triadic relationship between colour, design and the evoked meanings of logos to understand how these contribute to building a consistent corporate image. Results strongly indicate that consumers make clear judgements about the image of a firm from the logo design and have strong opinions about which colours are appropriate for different corporate images.

The Unexplored Promise of Visual Literacy in American Classrooms

Not too long ago, my wife decided to try one of those online-groceries-delivered-to-your-home deals from our neighborhood chain. She knew that setting up template for initial order would take time, but she expected that she could just point and click and save us 90 minutes every weekend once that process was over. What surprised her and me (enlisted to help) was that we saw only a brand name in script, a size selection, and a price. There was no click down for an image, packaging color scheme, company logo, dairy maid, ear of corn, giant with an earring, etc. Just a three-word description of item--Tom's Toothpaste-w/whitener--size, and price. Suddenly, we were both challenged to try to visualize and choose precise products that we had routinely been selecting off shelf, sometimes for 20 years, as we whisked down aisles on automatic pilot. What has this got to do with education? Let me connect some dots, so to speak. The composition of students in our urban classrooms has changed dramatically. Long gone are mythical days of general ed with a large core of on- or near-grade-level students, a few outliers slower in their reading, one or two with mild learning disabilities, and occasional second-language learner. The inner-city classrooms I see these days may not have a single student who is reading at grade level among their 30 or so students. The classrooms are likely to have anywhere from four to 10 students with special needs, ranging from those who require minor accommodations to others who need teachers to make substantial adjustments to their planning, instructional materials, and assessments. The mix is also likely to include a number of students with behavioral challenges and, of course, six to eight whose home language is not English and who may have come from countries where their education was interrupted or minimal to begin with. Our shorthand in Boston for this challenging array of learners is the new classroom, and implications for instruction, teacher training and development, technology needs, and additional human resources are overwhelming. Next dot? The dropout crisis. The scale of problem is frightening. Boston is losing than 1,500 high school age students a year to streets. In 2007, USA Today reported that among nation's 50 largest districts, three are graduating fewer than 40% of their students: Detroit, 21.7%; Baltimore, 38.5%; and New York City, 38.9%. Public school systems are hard pressed to address how they will stem tide of disengaged youth. Add one final complicating dot to this picture. The old wisdom goes, if you spend much time in high schools, you realize that in every hour, best five minutes for most students occur during passing time. The hallways are where real action is--home to lively talk, curiosity, engagement, relationships, and passionate pursuit of what's happening. Those frenetic moments between classes are increasingly characterized by proliferation of personal electronics that connect, display, gratify, and inform--cell phones that transmit flashing images and texts, iPods, uploads, downloads, students racing to find available computers to search Internet, e-mail, or instant message. While images and visual literacy are prevalent for our kids, our instruction is becoming text-driven, a function of press to prepare students for all-important testing formats, starting in early grades and including dozens of state tests, SATs, APs, etc. As Thomas West asserts, more and we insist on having our schools teaching skills of medieval clerk--reading, writing, counting, and memorizing texts. (1) As a frequent observer of schools and classrooms, I have to agree with West that clerk-dom has become daily lot for too many young people struggling to find a hint of meaning or access into work and swimming in text. …

Table of Contents

Abstract Cover Story Reporting requirement in Higher Ed Act may pose burden on institutions Higher Education Act passes in House, Senate: Gifts reporting requirement may pose burden on institutions Provisions in Higher Ed Act meet with few concerns Learn more about the legislation Giving Donor revenue is on decline as economy continues to slide Leaders & Innovators DEBRA C. ENGLE, SENIOR VP OF DEVELOPMENT, OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Trial run helps new VP prepare for major campaign Word of Advice Make staff development a priority Alumni Affairs E‐newsletters reach alumni effectively, inexpensively Did You Know? Sending e‐newsletters doesn't necessarily create more work for you Development Cost of fundraising continues to climb Of Counsel Understand how to determine charitable deduction for gifts of securities Electric company's logo too similar to university's Managing Your Office Use surveys to improve working conditions, retain staffers Gauge staff engagement, commitment with survey results Use survey results to fix existing problems Word of Advice Effective employee surveys require preparation Executive Briefing Oil firms' $1.6M gift will boost engineering Money will fund scholarships for students Actor contributes $1M to alma mater Wheat producers give to support research Caterpillar's gift to support management NAMES IN THE NEWS 3 appointed to development posts; one lands alumni relations position

Table of Contents

Abstract Cover Story Educate yourself, department on LGBT issues to avoid costly lawsuit Prevent potential lawsuits by educating department on LGBT issues Use these strategies to reduce homophobia Word of Advice Address use of gay slurs by student‐athletes Model Policy Show LGBT athletes that they belong The Two‐Minute Drill Deceased athlete's parents file notice of intent to sue Former athletics employees sue over 2 forms of discrimination Team broke accounting policies, investigation reveals Former student‐athlete sues over removal from golf team Leaders & Innovators JANET CONE, DIRECTOR OF ATHLETICS, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT ASHEVILLE Solicit inside, outside help for success with strategic planning Helpful Hints Follow these tips to create an effective strategic plan Title IX Handle sexual assault allegations quickly, legally Encourage proper reporting of sexual assaults NCAA Update Keep up with Division I, III governance groups' activities Did You Know? Court finalizes settlement of antitrust lawsuit against NCAA You Make The Call Can Texas Tech stop store owner from using trademark? Lawsuits & Rulings HUMAN RESOURCES NCAA recruiting rules do not violate antitrust laws RETALIATION District court throws out trainer's retaliation claim TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT Electric company's logo too similar to university's A Conversation With … JIM HUNDRIESER, EXECUTIVE CONSULTANT, NOEL‐LEVITZ Help coaches relate to athletes so they can both reach full potential Resources / Ideas Web site offers tips on protecting marks NAIA explains eligibility certification Names in the News

How to Say “Thanks” in Phoenician

It is difficult to find a physician on this planet who in his/her office does not have a gift from his or her patient or a pharmaceutical company representative – a note-book, calendar, or at least a pencil with the logo of a friendly pharmaceutical company. Certain companies are much more generous and pay lengthy stays in exclusive hotels, on all-inclusive basis. Over the last few years, industries connected with health (pharmaceutical, bio-technological, and producers of equipment) only in the United States (USA) have invested US $16 billion into the marketing targeting physicians, US $2 billion of this sum being spent just on meals and contacts with physicians. Physicians are constantly faced by 90 thousand representatives of pharmaceutical companies and millions of ads in professional journals. These representatives pay to physicians to help them develop educational materials; they also “domesticate” physicians and students of medicine supplying them with free text-books, stethoscopes, and free meals. The Americans have a saying: “There ain’t no such a thing as free lunch” – the dividing line between marketing and non-ethical behavior of pharmaceutical companies is indeed very thin and unclear (1).

Representação da liberdade no discurso publicitário publicitário da TIM

Normal 0 21 This work aims to reflect about an advertisement of TIM cell phone operator that divulges two plans and, through its discourse, valorizes the freedom and a communication without limit, sustained by the slogan of the mark and emphasized by its image. The advertisement presents the company logo mark in such a way that it looks like wings. In other words, adhering to the plans proposed by the operator would afford to the consumer the freedom legitimated and valorized by the responsible for the discourse. So, to persuade the readers, the operator seeks not only the reading and the comprehension of the advertisement, but an identification of the reader with the body movement presented in the image. Thus, the operator seeks to persuade the reader associating the product to a body, to a lifestyle and to a way of being in the world. Furthermore, the discourse only can be an occurrence and a persuasion if it allows this incorporation.

Is there a strategy behind buying advertising time and space?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to note the advertising business overspending on advertising messages that is often done with minimal consideration to the impact or effects of many consumer exposures.Design/methodology/approachThe paper notes textbooks statement of advertising budget spending as the money needed to attain pragmatic communications goals and compares this to the ongoing business reality of media planning that mostly devolves into maximization of audience exposures to mass media vehicles carrying the brand or company name.FindingsThe pragmatic business need is for more questioning the value of media spending, not as return on investment, but how it contributes to overall communications concerns. The media planners dilemma is the uncertainty of the effects of every additional audience exposure, thus (and too often) they take the easy route and simply resolve to purchase as many target audience impressions as possible for as low a price as can be negotiated.Originality/valueThis paper asks an important question that many people in the advertising business try to avoid: “Why is so much money being spent?”. While it is difficult to track the impact of every single vehicle placement, the media planners should at least try to question what is the real strategy behind efforts to maximize target audience exposures to vehicles carrying the company logo.

Robust Video Watermarking of H.264/AVC

A robust video watermarking scheme of the state-of-the-art video coding standard H.264/AVC is proposed in this brief. 2-D 8-bit watermarks such as detailed company trademarks or logos can be used as inconvertible watermark for copyright protection. A grayscale watermark pattern is first modified to accommodate the H.264/AVC computational constraints, and then embedded into video data in the compressed domain. With the proposed method, the video watermarking scheme can achieve high robustness and good visual quality without increasing the overall bit-rate. Experimental results show that our algorithm can robustly survive transcoding process and strong common signal processing attacks, such as bit-rate reduction, Gaussian filtering and contrast enhancement

Internet advertising effectiveness

Online advertising has experienced phenomenal growth since its inception in 1994. This empirical study investigates the impact of seven creative characteristics of banner ads on the effectiveness of online advertising using a multiple regression model. A random sample of 209 banner ads was drawn from a sampling frame of advertisers, provided by an advertising agency specialising in internet advertising for the gaming industry. The findings of this study are broadly consistent with past research into online advertising efficiency, indicating that the creative characteristics of effective banner ads in the online gaming arena include: a larger size, absence of promotional incentives and the presence of information about casino games. In contrast, banner features such as animation, action phrase and presence of company brand or logo were ineffective in generating clickthroughs. Contrary to expectations, long messages on banners were associated with higher click-through rates.

Advertising and disclosure of funding on patient organisation websites: a cross-sectional survey.

BackgroundPatient organisations may be exposed to conflicts of interest and undue influence through pharmaceutical industry (Pharma) donations. We examined advertising and disclosure of financial support by pharmaceutical companies on the websites of major patient organisations.MethodSixty-nine national and international patient organisations covering 10 disease states were identified using a defined Google search strategy. These were assessed for indicators of transparency, advertising, and disclosure of Pharma funding using an abstraction tool and inspection of annual reports. Data were analysed by simple tally, with medians calculated for financial data.ResultsPatient organisations websites were clear about their identity, target audience and intention but only a third were clear on how they derived their funds. Only 4/69 websites stated advertising and conflict of interest policies. Advertising was generally absent. 54% of sites included an annual report, but financial reporting and disclosure of donors varied substantially. Corporate donations were itemised in only 7/37 reports and none gave enough information to show the proportion of funding from Pharma. 45% of organisations declared Pharma funding on their website but the annual reports named more Pharma donors than did the websites (median 6 vs. 1). One third of websites showed one or more company logos and/or had links to Pharma websites. Pharma companies' introductions were present on 10% of websites, some of them mentioning specific products. Two patient organisations had obvious close ties to Pharma.ConclusionPatient organisation websites do not provide enough information for visitors to assess whether a conflict of interest with Pharma exists. While advertising of products is generally absent, display of logos and corporate advertisements is relatively common. Display of clear editorial and advertising policies and disclosure of the nature and degree of corporate donations is needed on patient organisations' websites. An ethical code to guide patient organisations and their staff members on how to collaborate with Pharma is also necessary, if patient organisations are to remain independent and truly represent the interests and views of patients. As many organizations rely on Pharma donations, self-regulation may not suffice and independent oversight bodies should take the lead in requiring this.

Bring Your Own Bag

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Letters to the EditorFull AccessBring Your Own BagKathleen M. Mogul, MD, Jonathan L. Weker, M.D., Jerome Rogoff, M.D., Ray Freebury, M.D., Guillaume Barbes-Morin, M.D., Jacques Bouchard, M.D., and Stuart Graves, M.D.Kathleen M. MogulNewton, Mass.Search for more papers by this author, MD, Jonathan L. WekerMontpelier, Vt.Search for more papers by this author, M.D., Jerome RogoffWaban, Mass.Search for more papers by this author, M.D., Ray FreeburyToronto, OntarioSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Guillaume Barbes-MorinMontreal, QuebecSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Jacques BouchardSt. Lambert, QuebecSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., and Stuart GravesSouth Burlington, Vt.Search for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:21 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.41.8.0052It is an annual embarrassment at the time of APA's annual scientific meeting to see the sidewalks of the host city suddenly populated by esteemed colleagues carrying large plastic shopping bags emblazoned with large drug company logos. It seems unlikely that the bearers of these convenient bags filled with freebies see themselves as unpaid advertisers for these companies and their products, but that is indeed what they—we—have become.We are making progress in that APA now makes it possible to purchase an annual meeting briefcase without a drug company logo (and of course one could bring one's own), but we believe it is time to take the next step and eliminate the supersized shopping-bag ads. People—some of them patients—do notice! The fewer goodies we accept from the drug companies, the better it is for the integrity and public image of our profession, but to eliminate the blazing, free advertising would require only the foresight of bringing to the meeting an empty, almost weightless, unmarked plastic shopping bag.1Newton, Mass.2Montpelier, Vt.3Waban, Mass.4Toronto, Ontario5Montreal, Quebec6St. Lambert, Quebec7South Burlington, Vt. ISSUES NewArchived

The role of communication and visual identity in modern organisations

PurposeThis paper attempts to shed light on a further understanding of the notion of corporate identity especially in relation to communication and visual identity, and its relevance for the organisation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a main theoretical background reviewing and discussing the literature in corporate identity in particular, addressing the following dimensions: communications and visual identity. The paper also resorts to examples that illustrate how organisations change or shape their corporate identity to face (new) market and environmental conditions.FindingsThe paper shows that corporate identity is an issue of growing importance to all companies. Its development and management has become a key dimension within an organisation's strategy. The paper highlights that corporate identity extends beyond the company's logo and name. It covers all forms of internal and external communications of the company. It further discusses the implications for corporate identity change or adaptation in the context of market and other environmental alterations and how it leads to attaining competitive advantage.Practical implicationsThe paper describes how practitioners applied (and may apply) corporate identity as a strategic resource.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to a further understanding of the magnitude of corporate identity, its strategic relevance and managerial dynamics. Moreover, by stressing communication and visual identity dimensions, it underlines how “parts” of identity need and should be managed in a company's setting.

The Pitfalls of Drug Company Sample Use

Case Dr. Sentzer takes pride in keeping her office free of pharmaceutical advertisements. She refuses pens and paper plastered with drug company logos. She does not attend dinners sponsored by pharmaceutical companies, even when they are at her favorite French bistro. And she does not see company representatives—nor accept their free medication samples.

A Study of Stewardess Uniform Design and Related Factors

Studying the evolution of Korea's stewardess uniform, one finds that there has been no drastic alteration in the shape, though there has been for instance more or less emphasis on the shoulders' design (eventual addition of pads, and their shapes). Differences can also be found in the length of the jacket. The design and colors of the blouse showed some variations, but per se accessories play of course a role for the commercial image as it does for many airlines: scarf, gloves, hairpin, personal name badge, company logo badge, even shoes. Costume design reflects almost always contemporary social and cultural backgrounds. This applies also to a certain degree to flight attendants costumes, but it must be noted that airways uniform design comes usually more in line with the international fashion trends than with domestic cultural elements (with the important exception of some accessories). Here we see that costumes of korean and japan airways companies indeed follow mainly the international trend while adding minor but visible cultural design elements. Another aspect of costumes design which we look at here concerns sizing, which has somewhat evolved in Korea along with the change of the body size of the general population of that country. Finally we give our view on the idea that fashion repeats often itself, at least partly, trying to foresee what may come ahead in the domain of stewardess clothing fashion design.

Creating strategic taglines

PurposeTo share key thoughts about creating the perfect tagline.Design/methodology/approachGives a brief synopsis of taglines using examples.FindingsTaglines (also known as slogans, catchphrases and positioning lines) are the first step and an integral part of brand building. Their value builds for years, and over time, a good tagline can be your best and least expensive form of advertising. If your company name, logo and tagline are all working together as they should, they become an advertisement in and of themselves.Practical implicationsAdvises how to create the perfect tagline. Provides useful insights from other companies and industries.Originality/valueGives guidance in terms of what to do to create a tagline, using some case studies.

Rainbow to Dark Clouds

THIS YEAR IT WAS MY HONOR TO HAVE BEEN THE COMmencement speaker at 3 medical schools: Drexel University, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Texas at Houston. On each occasion, I felt the same euphoria that I had at my own graduation and at the other commencements in which I spoke or, as Vice Dean of Academic Affairs and Faculty at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, helped with the proceedings. It is exhilarating to experience, up close and personally, the enthusiasm and excitement of so many new physicians who clearly sense their potential to help those who will seek their care, and who want to fulfill their dreams of doing so. One of the most touching of all moments in this year’s ceremonies occurred at UCLA. The “benediction” involved 24 graduating physicians joining the chaplain on stage to speak in the native language of their ethnic groups, no matter whether they were 1stor 10th-generation Americans. The 24 languages spoken ranged from Afrikaans through Gujarati, Hindi, Mandarin Chinese, Tigrinya, and Urdu to Vietnamese. The phrase each graduate spoke was, “May we leave here to cure when possible, and to care always.” What could be better wishes for healers to declare publicly? I wept along with most in the audience. Early the next morning, I flew to San Diego to speak at an international meeting of subspecialists; which subspecialty is unfortunately irrelevant because it could have been almost any one. The geographic distance is 111 miles; the psychological distance was an eternity. As I walked off the plane, I was greeted with several ads prominently placed in the airport inviting physicians to visit one exhibit booth or another. It’s a free country, so why not? It was too early to check into the hotel, so I went to the convention center to register. On the way I passed hundreds of people (many certainly were physicians) walking from the center with identification cards in plastic cases hung around their necks on a ribbon emblazoned with the name of a pharmaceutical company. They were also carrying cloth bags adorned with large logos of several pharmaceutical companies—oh, and also the name of the subspecialty society. I politely declined both when they were offered to me, much to the chagrin of the sweet woman who worked the registration desk. When I arrived at the room where I was to speak, a giant placard outside listed the names of the speakers and times of presentations—and the announcement by the names of several speakers that their presentations were sponsored by a particular pharmaceutical company. Of course, there were statements all over the podiums and in the rooms stating that all “sponsored” discussions involved funds from “unencumbered educational grants” that had nothing to do with the choice of speakers or topics. The spirit displayed at the conference was in such contrast to that displayed at the previous day’s commencement. What happened to the altruistic, “above all, help the patient” spirit? After completing my presentation on conflicts of interest (the conference committee apparently had a sense of irony), I returned to the hotel to register. I was handed my room key: a plastic card with the name and logo of a pharmaceutical company on one side and an invitation to “visit us at booth #1501.” Once again, I wept—this time, alone.

E-Press and Oppress

E-Press and Oppress